1. WALKING IN YOUR LIGHT OR
SHADOW?
Parasocial Relationships with Media
Personae and the Self-Esteem of
the Filipino Youth
ESPARES| LUALHATI | PEDDY|
SUBIDO

2. Proposal
Participants
• Pretest and Setting
- 20 participants, ranging between the ages of 15- 21 and
residing in Metro Manila
- Administration of the scales (API, Basic Ratings, RSES, IOS
+ MNT) in rooms provided by the school
- Interview the top 5% in the API Scale
• Actual Procedure
- 200 participants, aged between 15 – 21 (100 male/ 100
female), and residing in Metro Manila
- Administration of scales (API, basic ratings, RSES, ISOS +
MNT) in rooms provided by the school
- Interview the top 10% in the API Scale

3. Participants and Setting
Actual
• Pretest #1
▫ 6 participants
▫ Orientation and administration of the scales
▫ Setting: areas convenient and comfortable for the
participants
• Pretest #2
▫ 19 Participants from Miriam College
▫ 21 Participants from St. Jude College
▫ Orientation and administration of the scales
▫ Setting: Classroom

4. • Pretest #1
Instruments
▫ Basic ratings, API, RSES, and ISOS
▫ Pretest was immediately stopped after 6
participants
▫ Revisions (Post-Pretest)
 Adapted API scale
 Edited demographic profile
 Edited orientation/instructions
 Rearrangement of the scales

5. • Pretest #2
▫ In Miriam College
 Basic ratings, adapted API, RSES, and ISOS
 Reliability (N=19):
 API: 0.9
 RSES: 0.7
 Basic ratings and ISOS do not require reliability values.
 Revisions (Post-Pretest)
 Remove the basic ratings (screening questions)
 Rearrangement of the scales

6. ▫ In St. Jude College
 Adapted API, ISOS, RSES scales were administered.
 Reliability (N=21)
 adapted API: 0.888
 RSES: 0.779
 ISOS does not require reliability values.
▫ Over-all reliability of scales (N=40)
 adapted API: 0.915
 RSES: 0.774
 ISOS does not require reliability values

7. Data Gathering
Revisions:
• Instructions will be given before proceeding to each test.
• Time will be allotted for all the participants to finish all
the items of the scales.
• Two researchers will go around to entertain questions.
• Explanations will be done in both English and Filipino.
• There will be a Filipino translation of the instructions.

8. • Hindrances:
Reflections on Data Gathering the
▫ Some of the participants were inattentive during
orientation
▫ Instructions for the ISOS+MNT were too complicated
▫ Some participants were uncomfortable with the
English instructions
• Things we need to improve on:
▫ Assertiveness
▫ Mastery of English and Filipino
▫ Alertness, efficiency and speed

9. Revised Timeline
• August 1: Follow up of letters sent to schools for
actual test and interview requests for pretest.
• August 2: Interview with the participants,
sending more letters to other schools
• August 3: Follow up on letters
• August 6- 15: Conducting actual tests, interviews