Wireless electrical power transmission using atmospheric conduction method

Wireless Electrical Power Transmission
Using Atmospheric Conduction Method: A Proposal
An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal To
The Faculty of the College of Engineering
Jose Rizal Memorial State University
The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
Main Campus, Dapitan City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Course
RES 32 (Research Methods) Leading to the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Mark Anthony B. Enoy
Raymonjean S. Canoy
Angelie M. Moroscallo
Jaymar P. Delguera
Fourth Christian H. Cagbabanua
March 2013

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Republic of the Philippines
APPROVAL SHEET
This research study entitled “Wireless Electrical Power Transmission Using
Atmospheric Conduction Method: a Proposal”, prepared and submitted by Mark Anthony B.
Enoy, Raymonjean S. Canoy, Angelie M. Moroscallo, Jaymar P. Delguera and Fourth Christian
H. Cagbabanua has been examined and recommended for oral examination.
ENGR. KARRLOU C. RODA
Adviser
Approved by the Committee on oral Examination with a grade of _____.
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
ENGR. ELENO MONDIJAR
Chairman
ENGR. KARRLOU C. RODA ED NEIL O. MARATAS
Panel Member Panel Member
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course RES 32
(Research Methods) leading to the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering.
ENGR. QUILIANO E. LASCO, MAT
Dean, College of Engineering

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CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that Mark Anthony B. Enoy, Raymonjean S. Canoy, Angelie M. Moroscallo,
Jaymar P. Delguera and Fourth Christian H. Cagbabanua are taking RES 32 (Research Methods)
for Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering during the second semester, School
Year 2012 – 2013.
ED NEIL O. MARATAS
Research Instructor
This research study entitled “Wireless Electrical Power Transmission Using
Atmospheric Conduction Method: a Proposal”, prepared and submitted by Mark Anthony B.
H. Cagbabanua has been examined and recommended for oral examination on March_, 2013.
ENGR. KARRLOU C. RODA
Research Adviser

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CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this thesis “Wireless Electrical Power Transmission Using
Atmospheric Conduction Method: a Proposal” prepared and submitted by Mark Anthony B.
H. Cagbabanua in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course RES 32 (Research
Methods) leading to the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering has been
reviewed, edited and is recommend for approval.
KAREN J. MANCERA
English Critic

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ACCEPTANCE SHEET
This research study entitled “Wireless Electrical Power Transmission Using Atmospheric
Conduction Method: a Proposal”, prepared and submitted by Mark Anthony B. Enoy,
Raymonjean S. Canoy, Angelie M. Moroscallo, Jaymar P. Delguera and Fourth Christian H.
Cagbabanua in partial fulfillment of the requirements in RES 32 (Research Methods) is hereby
ACCEPTED.
ED NEIL O. MARATAS
Research Coordinator, College of Arts and Sciences
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course RES 32 (Research
Methods) leading to the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With such honor and pride, we express our heartfelt and warm thanks to those
momentous and significant persons in our lives who have given a large extent in the achievement
of this undertaking:
To our instructor in Research Methods, Mr. Ed Neil Maratas, for his patience and for his
valuable knowledge shared for us to be able to make this paper;
To Engr. Karrlou Roda and Engr. Eleno Mondijar who assisted us in developing our
research study and provided us pieces of advice , insights, information, recommendation and
ideas in making this work more successful;
To all the websites that we visited and had provided us the information for the study;
To our beloved parents, brothers and sisters, and relatives, who, despite of all the
adversity and odds in life, give their moral, spiritual and financial support;
To the author of different references that were utilized in the development of this research
study;
Above all, to our Almighty God in heaven who guides us always, enlightens our mind
and gives us strength and wisdom, to think of better ideas and gain clear understanding with
regards to the research study.
The Researchers

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DEDICATION
We would like to dedicate this tiresome work to our beloved parents, brothers and sisters,
and relatives, who gave their moral, spiritual and financial support to us. To our instructor in
this subject who has been very kind to us. To our friends and classmates who help us in the
difficulties that we had encountered in doing this work, and to our mentors who inspired us to
continue excavating our buried future and hope.
Also, we highly dedicate this work to our Alma mater, Jose Rizal Memorial State
University, the Premier State University in Zamboanga del Norte, Main Campus, Dapitan City,
which molded us to become holistic individuals.
Most especially, we dedicate this work to our Almighty God, who gave us His love,
wisdom and blessing in making this study.
The Researchers

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
CERTIFICATION iii
CERTIFICATION iv
ACCEPTANCE SHEET v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi
DEDICATION vii
CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Scope
Introduction 1
Conceptual Framework 3
The Schema of the Study 6
Statement of the problem 7
Significance of the Study 7
Scope and Limitation of the Study 7
Definition of Terms 8

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CHAPTER II
Research Methodology
Method Used 10
Project Development process 10
APPENDICES
A. Bibliography
B. Letter to the Dean
C. Letter to the Respondents
D. Curriculum Vitae
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 A Tesla Coil lighting up a fluorescent bulb wirelessly 5
Figure 2 The Schema of the Study 6
Figure 3 Block Diagram of a Tesla Coil 17
Figure 4 Typical Tesla Coil Schematic 18
Figure 5 Alternative Tesla Coil Configuration 18
Figure 6 Project Development Process of the Study 19
Figure 7 Tesla Coil with basic parts 20
Figure 8 Secondary and Primary Coils 20
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. ESTIMATED COST OF TESLA COIL 21
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction
Nikola Tesla
“Invention is the most important product of man's creative brain. The ultimate purpose is
the complete mastery of mind over the material world, the harnessing of human nature to human
needs.” Nikola Tesla, My Inventions (10 July 1856 – 7 January 1943)
The simple but very valuable discovery of electrical power is considered one of the
greatest of all times. Every day we use electrical power to cook our food, power electronic
devices such as cell phones, computers, lights and refrigerators. It had become an integral part of
our daily lives and perhaps without it we feel we could not survive for less than a day or so. Its
discovery didn’t just open a window of light but a door of ideas for future generations. Its
undeniable importance and usefulness brought us to where we are today.
As years go on, people have developed certain systems which would improve the quality
of electrical power. Alternating current or direct current, the main aim is to increase the
efficiency and lower the cost of electricity. An important aspect of efficient electricity is its
transmission to the load. However one of the major issues in power system are the losses that
occur during the transmission and distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day
by day, the power generation increases and the power loss is also increased. The percentage of
loss of power during transmission and distribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for
power loss during transmission and distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The
efficiency of power transmission can be improved to certain level by using high strength

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composite over head conductors and underground cables that use high temperature super
conductor. But, the transmission is still inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute
(WRI), India’s electricity grid has the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world –
a whopping 27%. Numbers published by various Indian government agencies put that number at
30%, 40% and greater than 40%. In the Philippines Electric power transmission and distribution
losses in Philippines was 12.11% as of 2009. Its highest value over the past 38 years was 19.16%
in 1987, while its lowest value was 1.70% in 1980. This is attributed to technical losses (grid’s
inefficiencies) and theft. Any problem can be solved by state–of-the-art technology. The above
discussed problem can be solved by choosing an alternative option for power transmission which
could provide much higher efficiency; low transmissions cost and avoid power theft.
In order to avoid these disadvantages, many engineers, scientist and inventors joined in
the ultimate search of achieving high quality power transmission using wireless technology. In
modern times the idea of wireless power transfer would also cancel out the inconvenience of
having too many wires sharing a limited amount of power sockets. Almost all people have the
same experience of lacking enough sockets for their electronic devices. Thus by creating a
wireless power transfer system, it would help clean up the clutter of wires around power sockets
making the space more tidy and organized. Among many methods of Wireless Electrical Power
Transmission (WEPT) such as resonant inductive coupling method, electrostatic induction
method, microwaves method, LASER method, one of the most promising, amazing and may be
the righteous alternative for efficient power transmission is using Atmospheric Conduction
method. With these, all the issues concerning power system losses will be avoided. And also in
the near future electrical devices would be more convenient to use because of its high portability
features.

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Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
In the late 19th century, shortly after the introduction of AC power, Nikola Tesla ( an
inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, physicist, and futurist best known for his
contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electrical supply system and
often called the greatest US electrical engineer during his time) began the development of a
system for the global transmission of electrical energy without interconnecting wires. Nikola
Tesla devoted much effort to develop a system for transferring large amount of power over
considerable distance. His main goal was to bypass the electrical-wire grid, but for a number of
financial and technical difficulties, this project was never completed. His invention, however,
required large scale construction of 200 ft tall masts. He developed various methods that can be
used for his wireless power transmission and have been given great credits and patents for it.
Tesla preferred to use the passage of current through the atmosphere and other natural medium.
As shown in Figure 3b, After a Tesla Coil is powered up it charges the primary tank
capacitor C1. After it fully charges it discharges causing the spark gap to be ionized and fires.
The electric charge in C1 dumps into the L1, and then back into C1, and then back into L1. This
is called resonance. The primary tank capacitor (C1) and primary coil (L1) make up what is
called a resonator. They are changing an electric field (C1 = volts) into a magnetic field (L1 =
Gauss), and back again, at a rate (frequency) determined by the value of [(C1 capacitance) x (L1
inductance)]. The secondary coil (L2) picks up some energy from L1 each time L1charges up.
This process of transmitting energy from L1to L2 is known as resonant inductive coupling. The
output terminal or discharged terminal (C2) gets an electrical charge from L2 each time L2
discharges. L2 and C2 resonate at the frequency determined by [(L2) x (C2)]. The magic
happens when L1xC1=L2xC2, or both resonators resonate at the same rate (this is made to

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happen by adjusting the tap on L1). When both resonators are at the same rate, the energy in L2
builds by a little bit from L1 on each cycle. This is called resonant rise. The output terminal
voltage gets higher on each cycle, until the voltage gets too high to hold, and then shoots into the
air producing electrical arcs.
As shown in Figure 1, after discharging multiple amounts of electrical energy (in the
order of thousands of volts per inch) in the discharge terminal the Tesla coil creates a very strong
electric field causing the air around the terminal to break down into positive ions and electrons –
the air then becomes ionized. These ions are now separated and become farther apart than they
were in their original atomic structure. This separation gives electrons the freedom to move more
easily than they could before, making the air around the terminal an ionized air or plasma
making it a better conductive medium than before. These electrons have excellent mobility, and
since the air around the discharge terminal is ionized, electrical current is allowed to flow
through the ground just like lightning do and if a fluorescent light bulb is held near it, the Tesla
Coil pushes electrons through the light fluorescent bulb making it light up. This is the same way
lights in our houses work, except in our houses, electricity comes through a wire instead of
through the air.
Figure 2, The Schema of the Study on the next page illustrates the requirements in
building a Tesla coil for demonstrating wireless electrical power transmission.
The first table represents the relevant problem/input of the study, which are High cost of
wires today, Copper losses on the transmission and distribution of electrical power, High cost on
Grid maintenance and Danger of faulty wirings. These are the major reasons that challenge the
researchers to build a Tesla coil for demonstrating wireless electrical power transmission that in
the near future if develop would benefit the people and finally achieve a wire free world.

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The second table represents the solution of the study, which is by building the Tesla coil
for demonstrating wireless electrical power transmission as an alternative way of transmitting
power to any load and avoids using man-made conductors. These are also the ideas used by the
researchers to acquire the desired result. The requirement is divided into two parts. First is the
project description which involves the data gathering, requirement analysis, and designing which
consist of the block diagram, Architectural layout and System preparation. On the other hand, the
system preparations divided into three parts namely hardware requirements, wiring, and system
procedure. These hardware materials are made by past inventors and collected to become one
system.
The third table represents the output of the study which is the Tesla coil. And the last
table presents the contribution and benefit of the study to the respondents. Through this project
proposal, Tesla coil can provide clear demonstration on wireless electrical power transmission
and maybe in the future would lead readers to new discoveries and inventions.
Figure.1 - A Tesla Coil lighting up a fluorescent bulb wirelessly

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Relevant Problem/input
 Increasing demand of
wireless technology
 High cost of wires
today
 Copper losses on the
transmission and
distribution of electrical
power
 High cost on Grid
maintenance
 Danger of faulty
wirings
Output
Tesla coil or electrical
resonant transformer circuit
Figure 2. The Schema of the Study
Solution/Process
PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
 Data gathering
 Requirement analysis
 Designing
 Block diagram
 Architectural layout
 System Preparation
- Hardware Requirements
- Wiring
- System procedure
Hardware Requirements:
 Larger number of Magnetic wire for
Primary Coil winding
 Smaller number of Magnetic wire for
secondary coil winding
 Transformer:
- NST (Neon Sign
Transformers) or
- MOT (Microwave oven
Transformer)
 High voltage Capacitors
 PVC Pipe
 Aluminum Toroid (Top Load)
 Spark Gap
 Miscellaneous Parts (like wire, casing
etc.)
Contribution/ benefits
 May result in lower
cost on wires as
conductors
 May eliminate copper
losses on the
transmission and
distribution of
electrical power
 low cost on power
Grid maintenance

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Statement of the Problem
The objective of this research is to provide and illustrate an alternative way on Wireless
Electrical Power Transmission which is using Atmospheric Conduction method which would
help in the future development of wireless power transmission.
This study seeks to answer the following questions:
1. What is atmospheric conduction method?
2. What is a Tesla coil and how does it work?
3. How can atmospheric conduction method which is demonstrated by a Tesla coil
transmit electrical power without any wires or conductors to a load?
4. What are the principles that govern the operation of a Tesla coil?
5. How to build a Tesla coil?
6. What are the possible usages of wireless electrical power transmission using
Atmospheric Conduction method in the future?
Significance of the study
The study of WEPT is beneficial to aspiring engineers and inventor who in the near
future will enhance and improve this research about WEPT into a more useful way as to reduce
cost on wires as conductors, decrease losses on the transmission and distribution of electrical
power and lower the cost on Grid maintenance.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study will be conducted in Jose Rizal Memorial State University, Main Campus,
Dapitan City during school year 2012-2013.
The Tesla Coil limits its function in ionizing air with respect to its power supply, which
means that the area it can ionize depends upon the power and voltage it takes to operate.

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Definition of Terms
The following terms are organized for further understanding.
Wireless power transmission - is the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to
an electrical load without man-made conductors. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where
interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible.
Atmospheric Conduction Method – is a wireless power transmission method wherein the
atmosphere is being used as the transmission medium by ionizing it.
Tesla coil - is an electrical resonant transformer circuit invented by Nikola Tesla around 1891. It
is used to produce high-voltage, low-current, high frequency - alternating-current electricity. The
most common form of wireless power transmission is carried out using direct induction followed
by resonant magnetic induction.
Electromagnetic induction- is the production of a potential difference (voltage) across
a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field.
Resonant inductive coupling - is the near field wireless transmission of electrical
energy between two coils that are tuned to resonate at the same frequency. The equipment to do
this is sometimes called a resonant or resonance transformer.
Circuit Breaker- is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical
circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Capacitor- is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy in an electric
field. The ability of an object to hold an electrical charge is known as Capacitance.
Electrical ballast is a device intended to limit the amount of current in an electric circuit. Ballast
provides a positive resistance or reactance that limits the current. The ballast provides for the
proper operation of the negative-resistance device by limiting current.

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NST (Neon Sign Transformers) - is a transformer made for the purpose of powering a neon
sign. They convert line voltage from the 120-347 V range up to high voltages, usually in the
range of 2 to 15 kV. Most of these transformers generate between 30-120 mA.
NST (Neon Sign Transformers) MOT (Microwave oven Transformer)
MOT (Microwave oven Transformer) - High power transformer found in a microwave oven
that steps up wall voltage to around 2 kV AC, at power usually between 900 W and 1700 W.
Spark gap - is basically a high power switch that consists of an arrangement of
two conductor separated by a gap.
Magnet wire or enameled wire- is a copper or aluminum wire coated with a very thin layer
of insulation. It is used in the construction of transformers, inductors, motors, speakers, hard disk
head actuators, potentiometers, electromagnets, and other applications which require tight coils
of wire.
Resonant frequency - is a natural frequency of vibration determined by the physical parameters
of the vibrating object. Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum, even
small periodic driving forces can produce large amplitude oscillations, because the system
stores vibrational energy.

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CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the methodology of the study. This involves the discussion of the
research methods, factors that contribute to the development of the project, which consist the
project development process.
Research Method
This study will adopt the constructive method, the most common engineering research
method. This involves evaluating the “construction” being developed analytically against some
predefined criteria of performing some benchmark tests with the prototype. Construct refers to
the new contributions being developed. This type of approach demands a form of validation that
does not need to be quite as empirically based as in the other type of research like exploratory
research.
Project Development Process
This process includes different steps that can vary depending on the preconditions.
During the study the developer will have to decide after each step if it is worth to continue or it is
better to end the project at an early stage.
Data Gathering. In order to gather more data and information about the wireless electrical
power transmission, researchers made a research with the different studies of wireless electrical
power transmission in the internet and conducted and sought additional information and ideas
from the instructors and personnel of the institution which can help in developing the system.

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Requirements Analysis. After getting all the requirements, the researcher analyzed all the
requirements and the possible outcomes of the proposed system, and then proceeds on the
implementation of the system.
Designing. It involves the preparation of the abstract representation of the system. It is
concerned in making the architectural layout and the system preparation to meet the
requirements. Figure 7 shows a Tesla coil with its basic parts.
 System Preparation. This involves the preparation of the abstract representation of the
system.
A. Hardware Requirements
 Larger number of Magnetic wire for Primary winding
 Smaller number of Magnetic wire for Secondary winding
 Transformer: power supply of the Tesla coil
- NST (Neon Sign Transformers) or MOT (Microwave oven Transformer)
 High voltage Capacitors
 PVC Pipe
 Aluminum Toroid (Top Load)
 Spark Gap
 Miscellaneous Parts (like wire, casing etc.)
B. Wiring
These steps involve the wiring connection of the proposed Tesla coil for wireless power
transmission as shown in figure 2.

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C. System Procedure
To build a Tesla Coil follow the general schematic diagram shown in figure 4.In our case
we use the alternative Tesla coil Circuit configuration shown in figure 5. The single phase power
source is connected to a double pull double throw switch that will serve as the main switch (not
shown in the diagram) and then connected into a high voltage Transformer preferably a
Microwave oven Transformer (MOT) in order to achieve a step-up voltage of over 2000V AC to
power our Tesla Coil. A capacitor tank is then connected parallel to the transformer. In series
with the transformer is the Spark Gap then the primary coil then all the way around. Now to start
the secondary resonant circuit, make the secondary coil by winding a reasonable size of wire
around a PVC pipe and evenly insulating it with a clear gloss polyurethane varnish. Connect the
other end directly to the ground while the other end to the toroid shape discharge terminal. The
secondary is then placed in the middle part of the primary coil as shown in figure 8. Tesla Coil
construction softwares are available in the internet as guide for the construction of Tesla coil.
(Example: Tesla Cad).
There are many things to consider in building a Tesla coil as shown in figure 1. The
factors to consider are as follows:
1. Safety.
 Safety should be your first concern in dealing with electrical related activities. You
should follow the local electrical code in every work you do. That being said, some
typical wire sizes, overload, and short circuit protection methods must be observed before
you get started. Also, the metal case of the transformer should be grounded properly. This
safety ground normally does not conduct any electricity. It is present in case a current

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carrying conductor accidentally touches the metal case. This provides a low resistance
path for the electricity to flow instead of going through your body to earth ground. In a
Tesla coil, such high voltages are very dangerous, but the Tesla coil makes very high
frequency electricity. This means the coil turns on and off very quickly so the electricity
flows on the outside of your skin instead of through your body.
2. Selecting the High voltage transformer.
 Selecting the high voltage transformer is the first step. Basically you can choose which of
the schematic diagrams that you should follow. If figure 4 is used, this design is favored
when a relatively fragile Neon Sign Transformer (NST) usually in the range of 2 to 15 kV
at 8-120 mA is used because NST are specially designed to take short circuits. Otherwise
if figure 5 is used, a core type high voltage transformer should have at least 2000 volt
which is commonly found in microwave ovens should be used in the system. A current
limiter such as ballast would be best to use. This transformer must be capable of
withstanding high voltages at high frequencies. You can add a voltage doubler or
multiplier to achieve higher voltage output.
3. Primary Capacitors/ Tank capacitors
 The Primary Capacitors / tank capacitor used in a Tesla Coil primary circuit is exposed to
possibly the most severe conditions that any capacitor is expected to withstand. It
receives and stores the electrical charges from the power supply. A typical tank capacitor
will be charged to maybe 2000V- 20kV in a few milliseconds, and then fully discharged
into a few feet of copper tube in a few microseconds. This gives rise to incredibly high
peak currents, rapid voltage reversals, and high dielectric stress. The whole process
repeats over and over again several hundred times per second.

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4. Spark Gap
 Is responsible for initiating the discharge of the tank capacitor into the primary winding
of the Tesla Coil. It turns-on when sufficient voltage exists across the spark gap. The air
in the gap ionizes and begins to conduct electricity like a closed switch. The spark gap
turns-off when the current flowing through it drops to a low level, and the air gap regains
its insulating properties.
5. Primary Coil Winding
 The primary coil is used with the primary capacitor to create the primary LC circuit. The
primary coil is also responsible for transferring power to the secondary coil. It accepts the
dump electrical charges from the Primary Capacitor. It has lesser number of turns
compared to the secondary coil but larger gauge in terms of wire size. The wire that is
commonly used in this winding is 5mm dia. multi stranded copper cable
6. Secondary Coil Winding
 The secondary coil is responsible for generating the very
high voltages and must be constructed with care in order to
avoid failures. The coil can be split into four functional
areas, the form, the wire, the insulation and the connections.
It accepts dump electrical energies from the Primary coil
winding. The wire that is commonly used in this winding is a
lot smaller compared to the primary winding usually AWG # 18 and above, however with
more number of turns. The secondary coil should generally have at least 400 turns of
magnetic wire. The secondary coil is usually wound into a PVC pipe. PVC is ideal

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because they are good electrical insulators. As well as being a good insulator it is
preferable that the material's DF (dissipation factor) is low.
7. Top Load / Discharge Terminal
 Act as the output terminal for the streamer discharges, and a capacitive load for the
secondary coil. It also acts as a capacitor in the secondary circuit. Usually it is in toroid or
spherical shape made up of aluminum. A sphere will have evenly distributed field
strength over its entire surface while with a toroid; the field strength will increase around
its radius. The arcs will break out where field strength is greatest.
8. PVC Pipe
 It is where you will wind your Secondary coil. As the name implies made up of polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) that is commonly used for plumbing purposes.
9. Size of the wire
 It is very important to choose the wire size based on the voltage and current that will flow
in the wire. Wire should also be very well insulated to avoid further accidents to happen.
Secondary Coil Form Dimensions
Form Diameter Aspect Ratio Coil length
3 inches 6 to 1 18 inches
Power vs. Secondary Diameter
Power Range Secondary Diameter
less than 500W 3 to 4 inch
500W to 1500W 4 to 6 inch
1500W to 3KW 6 to 10 inch
3KW and above 10 inch and above

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10. Computations
Resonant Circuit Formula
F = frequency in hertz
L = inductance in henrys
C = capacitance in farads
Helical Coil
Lh = (N x R)^2 / (9 x R + 10 x H)
Where:
Lh = Inductance in micro-Henries
N = number of turns
R = Radius in inches
H=Height in inc
Flat spiral
Lf = (N x R)^2 / (8 x R + 11 x W)
Where:
Lf = Inductance in micro-Henry
N = number of turns
R = Average radius in inches
W = Width in inches
Toroid Capacitance
C = capacitance in picofarads
D1 = outside diameter of toroid in inches
D2 = diameter of cross section of toroid in
inches
Vpk =Vin * sqrt( sqrt (Ls/Cs) / sqrt(Lp/Cp) )
Vo = Vp SQRT(Ls/Lp)
Secondary Coil Dimensions
T = AH
L = length of wire in feet
D = outer diameter of coil form in inches
H = height of windings in inches
A = number of turns per inch
T = total number of turns
B = thickness of wire in inches

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Figure 3. Block Diagram of a Tesla Coil
AC Power
High Voltage
Step-up
Transformer
Spark Gap
Primary
Capacitor
Primary
Winding
Secondary
Winding
Top-load or discharge
terminal
Electrical
discharges

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Figure 3 on the preceding page represents the block diagram of a Tesla coil. The first
box represents the main AC electrical power source which will be the source our primary
voltage. The second box is the High Voltage Low Current Step-up Transformer which is
responsible of stepping up the voltage from low transmission line to be used as power supply to
the Tesla coil.
Figure 4.Typical Tesla Coil Schematic
This example circuit is designed to be driven by alternating currents. Here the spark gap
shorts the high frequency across the first transformer. An inductance, not shown, protects the
transformer. This design is favored when a relatively fragile Neon Sign Transformer (NST) is
used.
Figure 5.Alternative Tesla Coil Configuration
This circuit also is driven by alternating current. However, here the AC supply transformer must
be capable of withstanding high voltages at high frequencies.

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Data
Gathering
Requirement
Analysis
Designing
Figure 6. Project Development Process of the Study
Verify

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Figure 6 on the preceding page shows the project development process of the study. It
represents the step by step process to make the desired study possible. It starts with data
gathering wherein all the necessary data or equipment needed in the study is being realized to
make the desired output possible. Then it is verified and goes back to data gathering. It will then
be followed by requirements analysis on the next oval shape object wherein the researchers
analyze all the requirements as well as the possible outcome of the study and then verify it again.
Next is to go back to the requirements analysis before going to the final stage which is designing.
It involves the preparation of the abstract representation of the system. It is concerned in making
the architectural layout and station preparation to meet the requirements and then verifying if
indeed it meets the said requirements.
Figure 8 - Secondary and Primary CoilsFigure 7 - Tesla Coil with basic parts

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Table 1. ESTIMATED COST OF TESLA COIL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
HARDWARE TOTAL COST
Magnetic wire for Primary Coil winding P400
Magnetic wire for secondary coil winding P200
Transformer P5,000
High voltage Capacitors P500
PVC Pipe P100
Aluminum Toroid (Top Load) P100
Spark Gap P100
Electrical Ballast P200
Miscellaneous Parts (like wire, casing etc.) P500
TOTAL ESTIMATED COST P7,100

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Appendix A
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Websites:
http://www.classictesla.com/FormulasForTeslaCoils.pdf
http://deepfriedneon.com/tesla_frame6.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_power
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla
http://www.teslaradio.com/pages/wireless_102.htm
http://www.teslaradio.com/pages/tesla.htm
http://www.teslacoildesign.com/
http://www.luolamies.org/tesla/
http://www.teslaboys.com/Tesla05/T05Power/index.html
http://pesn.com/2011/04/29/9501818_Tesla_Coils_for_Dummies/
http://deepfriedneon.com/tesla_frame11.html
http://amasci.com/tesla/tc.html
http://deepfriedneon.com/tesla_wiring.html
http://teslacoils4christ.org/TCFormulas/TCFormulas.html
http://www.kronjaeger.com/hv/hv/src/mot/index.html
http://www.hvtesla.com/nst.html
http://www.luolamies.org/tesla/
www.yahoomail.com
www.skydrive.com
www.google.com

23
Appendix B
LETTER TO THE DEAN
March 19, 2013
ENGR. QUILIANO E. LASCO
COE Dean
This Institution
Sir:
Greetings!
The undersigned are the fourth year Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering students
presently enrolled in the subject RES 32, Research Method of College of Engineering. One of
the requirements in this course is to come up with the research study. Ours is entitled “Wireless
Electrical Power Transmission Using Atmospheric Conduction Method: a Proposal”.
In this connection, we are requesting your good office to allow us to conduct a research study
and to distribute questionnaires to the college instructors and students as our respondents.
We are hoping for your favorable action and response to this request of approval.
Very truly yours,
The Researchers
Noted by:
ED NEIL O. MARATAS
Research Instructor
Approved/ Disapproved:

24
Appendix C
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
March 19, 2013
Dear Respondents,
The undersigned and his members are fourth year Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
who are conducting a research proposal entitled “Wireless Electrical Power Transmission
Using Atmospheric Conduction Method: a Proposal” of Jose Rizal Memorial State
University, The Premier State University in Zamboanga del Norte, Main Campus, Dapitan City.
In this regard, your consideration and cooperation answering our research questionnaire
truthfully will be of great help.
In behalf of the group, I am hoping for your favorable action and response to this request.
Sincerely yours,
Mark Anthony B. Enoy
Group Leader
Noted by:
ED NEIL O. MARATAS
Research Instructor

25
Curriculum Vitae
NAME : Mark Anthony B. Enoy
ADDRESS : Sicayab, Dipolog City
DATE OF BIRTH: September 8, 1992
PLACE OF BIRTH : Dapitan City
CIVIL STATUS : Single
AGE : 20
GENDER : Male
CITIZENSHIP: Filipino
PARENTS :
FATHER : Crisanto S. Enoy
MOTHER : Victoria B. Enoy
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
SCHOOL LEVEL NAME OF SCHOOL YEAR GRADUATED
ELEMENTARY Dipolog Pilot Demonstration School 2005
SECONDARY Sicayab National High School 2009
TERTIARY Jose Rizal Memorial State University
I hereby declare that this curriculum vita has been accomplished by me and the above
information is certified true and correct.
MARK ANTHONY B. ENOY
Name and Signature

26
Curriculum Vitae
NAME : Jaymar P. Delguera
ADDRESS : Siay Zamboanga Sibugay
DATE OF BIRTH: September 24, 1992
PLACE OF BIRTH : Siay Zamboanga Sibugay
AGE : 20
GENDER : Male
PARENTS :
FATHER :
MOTHER : Violeta P. Delguera
ELEMENTARY: Siay Central Elementary School 2005
SECONDARY : Siay National High School 2009
TERTIARY: Jose Rizal Memorial State University
JAYMAR P. DELGUERA
Name and Signature

27
Curriculum Vitae
NAME : Angelie M. Moroscallo
ADDRESS : Olingan, Dipolog City
DATE OF BIRTH: May 8, 1993
PLACE OF BIRTH : Olingan, Dipolog City
AGE : 19
GENDER : Female
PARENTS :
FATHER : Arcadio S. Moroscallo Jr.
MOTHER : Antonieta M. Moroscallo
ELEMENTARY: Olingan South Elementary School 2005
SECONDARY : Alberto Q. Ubay Memorial Agro-Tech 2009
Science High School
ANGELIE M. MOROSCALLO
Name and Signature

28
Curriculum Vitae
NAME : Raymonjean S. Canoy
ADDRESS : Jose Dalman,Z.N
DATE OF BIRTH: May 12,1991
PLACE OF BIRTH : Jose Dalman,Z.N
AGE : 21
GENDER : Male
PARENTS
FATHER : Edmond Z. Canoy
MOTHER : Rosemarie S. Canoy
ELEMENTARY : Siparok Elementary School 2004
SECONDARY : BAMNHS 2008
RAYMONJEAN S. CANOY
Name and Signature

29
Curriculum Vitae
NAME : Fourth Christian H. Cagbabanua
ADDRESS : Cawa-cawa Dapitan
DATE OF BIRTH: December 26, 1991
PLACE OF BIRTH : Cawa-cawa Dapitan
AGE : 21
GENDER : Male
PARENTS
FATHER : Ananias G. Cagbabanua
MOTHER : Bernadita H. Cagbabanua
ELEMENTARY : Dapitan Central School 2004
SECONDARY : RMI Dapitan 2008
FOURTH CHRISTIAN H. CAGBABANUA
Name and Signature

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