Inter vehicular communication using packet network theory
Capstone Project Final Paper V1
1.
2. Small, fully-automated vehicles: PODs are intended to operate under computer control and require no operator or driver. PODs are designed for two to four passengers and would provide ADA accessibility.
3. Exclusive-use guideways: Tracks or “guideways” for PODs would be designed to avoid at-grade crossings with pedestrians or other types of surface vehicles by designing the guideways as an elevated system.
4. Off-line stations: Off-line stations are designed with a “siding” guideway so that PODs not stopping at a particular station can bypass that station.
5.
6. Open guideway: Consist of a flat surface that supports the vehicle. Vehicles typically have rubber wheels and automated steering. Vehicles sense their position by detecting their position relative to guideway's curbs.
7. Captive bogey: Vehicles are supported by the chassis it rides on. The vehicles typically have horizontal wheels captive within the guideway - the guideway steers the vehicle.
8. Suspended: Vehicles are like Captive Bogey but are suspended from the guideway.
9. Vehicle or PODs: Vehicle design is dependent on guideway type and will vary by vendor. Vehicle size tends to be in the range of two to four passengers.
10. Propulsion: Primarily electric propulsion. With electric propulsion comes two considerations – power source and propulsion method. Power source can be provided by onboard batteries or a line-side power rail. The propulsion method is typically provided by traditional rotary electric motors driven wheels or linear electric motors that propel the vehicle via electromagnetic resistance.
11. Energy Source: Sources include conventional coal, nuclear or petroleum based plants or alternative sources such as solar, wind or fuel-cell technologies.
12. Switching: There are two general types of switching - mechanical and electromagnetic. Mechanical switching is typically a vehicle-mounted. In the event of mechanical switch failure, the problem is isolated to the vehicle. Electromagnetic switching systems place the switch in the guideway; however, like mechanical switches, a vehicle mounted switch is preferable to avoid a system wide shutdown in the event of a switch failure.
13. Stations: Off-line guideway designs are preferred so that through-traffic can bypass vehicles picking up or dropping off passengers. This provides direct, non-stop service.
14.
15. Travel Speed: Typical line speed is in the range of 25 to 45 MPH.
16.
17. Vehicles or PODs: Based off the four passenger autonomous ULTra vehicle design, four rubber pneumatic tires, front-wheel steering and conventional damped spring suspension.
18. Propulsion: Battery powered electric vehicle, Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery power source, 7kW Synchronous AC Drive Motor
19. Energy Usage: Solar Panel system supplemented by Grid power when necessary (with station opportunity charging system)
30. Improved productivity: Less time spent waiting and traveling provides more time for riders to spend on daily business activities. It is estimated that the time saved versus the current courtesy shuttle service is about 23 minutes per rider. Assuming a $125k average yearly compensation and a typical eight hour working day (48 weeks per year), this would translate to over $46 Mils over a ten year period versus the current Courtesy Shuttle service ridership rate.
31. Energy use and environmental impact: PRT systems will operate non-stop, on-demand service using lightweight vehicles on exclusive-use guideways. It is therefore estimated that PRT systems will consume 300 percent less energy than the current courtesy shuttle service and could achieve an automotive equivalent fuel consumption of 70-90 miles per gallon.
32. Reduced pollution: Because of the use of rubber tires and electric propulsion, PRT systems will deliver lower noise and air pollution than the courtesy shuttle service.
35. Development and application of standards: Few standards exist for PRT systems. However several are applicable such as the American Society of Civil Engineers which developed standards for Automated People Mover industry and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), which developed NFPA Standard 130 covering fire protection and fire life safety issues applicable to fixed guideway transit and passenger rail system.
36. Capital costs: Engineering cost estimates from comparable conventional elevated guideway systems built in the United States were used as part of this study to derive engineering capital cost estimates. These estimates indicate that capital construction costs for a one-way elevated PRT system average $15 million per mile.
37.
38. Set a series of parameters (speed, headway, rider demand, etc.)