1. WHITE PAPER
IDHS Red Cell CONOPS
Title:
Emergency Mobile Phone Incident Reporting System
“EMPIRES”
Period of Performance: 2/2006 – 7/2006 (6 months)
Estimated Cost of Task: $90,000
In Response to Solicitation: [RC2005]
[December 22, 2005]
Technical Point of Contact Contracting Contact
Name Mr. Joe Ordia Mrs. Dannie Marko
Mail Address Global InfoTek Inc. Global InfoTek Inc.
1920 Association Drive 1920 Association Drive
Suite 200 Suite 200
Reston, VA 20191 Reston, VA 20191
Phone Number (703) 652-1600 x229 (703) 652-1600 x233
Fax Number (703) 652-1697 (703) 652-1697
E-mail Address jordia@globalinfotek.com dmarko@globalinfotek.com
CAGE Code: 07AE7
Proprietary Information 1

2. IDHS
Red Cell
A. CONOPS Task Objectives and Relevant Mission Areas
Immediately after a crisis event occurs, be it a natural disaster, terrorist attack, or infrastructure
failure, decision-makers from several organizations must be able to quickly accumulate
information from several sources and gain an immediate understanding of the current situation in
order to plan and execute an effective coordinated response. At this critical moment in the
disaster response effort, the rapid dissemination of information is of paramount importance.
However, current tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) do not take advantage of our most
basic- and most valuable- first-responder resources: the citizens in the affected area. Mr. Steve
Cooper, Senior Vice President and CIO for the American Red Cross described the situation most
succinctly: “When we talk about first-responders we always start with fire, rescue, and police
officers, but the true first-responders are every-day citizens with flashlights and cell phones.”
Global InfoTek will develop new concepts of operations (CONOPS) for an Emergency Mobile
Phone Incident Reporting System (EMPIRES) that leverage the existing domestic mobile phone
infrastructure to allow detailed real-time information sharing and reporting directly between
citizens in crisis-affected areas and emergency response decision-makers. Leveraging on the
recent advances in telecommunications, GPS and sensor technology, Global InfoTek will
conceptualize a system that uses the mobile phone platform and infrastructure to collect and
share pertinent situational data including: incident reports (damage to buildings and
infrastructure, human casualties, etc.), environmental effects (e.g. CBRNE fallout), and real-time
audio and video. All this data must be collected and disseminated through an integrated
information system that produces a composite display of the situation made accessible to multi-
agency crisis teams and managers.
We will base our approach upon prior architectural and technical projects directly pertaining to
such an EMPIRES network. Red Cell aims to integrate programs such as SensorNet, BioWatch,
and a suite of mobile wireless warning and response systems into an effective resource for
responders and public alerts. Our work in distributed command and control networks, force
coordination, data fusion and very large scale integration, plus our experience in supporting the
required computing infrastructures enables us to successfully define CONOPS and a
demonstration/transition plan for an EMPIRES system.
Global InfoTek has exemplary past performance in designing, developing, and fielding high
technology systems within the DOD and Intelligence Community. Our work on the development
and rapid fielding of the US Army’s Command Post of the Future (CPOF) system to Iraq
resulted in our receipt of DARPA’s 2004 Significant Technical Achievement Award and 2005
Sustained Excellence by a Performer Award. We are now excited to utilize our talents, real-
world experience, and award-winning technology to meet the needs of the emergency response
community.
B. Technical Summary of Objectives and Operational Demonstration
GITI will develop a CONOPS that addresses the key issues for integration, evaluation and
deployment of an EMPIRES system, with a special focus upon the critical communication and
Proprietary Information 2

3. IDHS
Red Cell
coordination challenges faced by multi-agency crisis teams. We must recognize that when an
EMPIRES system is needed most, conventional services and infrastructure may be completely
unavailable. Consequently, we are left to address these critic issues:
• The most valuable incident reporting and environmental information will come
from citizens in disaster-affected areas.
• How do we communication potentially life-saving emergency warnings to citizens in
areas lacking electrical and telecommunications infrastructure?
• How can we leverage mobile communications platforms in a way that is user-
friendly and allows quick transmission of information when the operator is
panicked and/or physically injured?
By integrating existing technologies, we can deliver a CONOPS and then rapidly a field
deployable prototype solution that addresses each of the issues and problems identified above.
Of particular importance is the advancement and miniaturization of GPS technology. When we
marry GPS with the existing text and data communications facilities of mobile phones, we can
conceptualize a system by which witnesses and victims of a crisis event can instantly report their
status and location to decision-makers. Even when line-of-sight or physical injuries prevent the
victim from accurately reporting his location, GPS-enabled mobile phones can produce accurate
position and location information (PLI).
In addition to active incident reporting, future CONOPS must incorporate emerging sensor
technologies. With recent advances in micro- and nano-sensor technologies, it is now possible to
integrate miniature sensor devices inside mobile devises and connected to the wireless data
network. These devices could collect and detect a plethora of environmental metrics- chemical
or biological contaminants, radiological fallout, etc-- and provide that data to emergency
response decision-makers in real-time. Such an EMPIRES component may be integrated in
future commercial and/or government-issued cellular phones.
Figure 1 – Notional Real-Time Display of a Radiological Event
The successful design of such an EMPIRES component must place large emphasis on the
human-computer interaction (HCI) challenges inherent in such a problem. Therefore, we will
Proprietary Information 3

4. IDHS
Red Cell
collaborate with HCI experts from the commercial and academic domains when necessary in
order to validate that a solution can be designed that facilitates the necessary information
exchange through a mobile phone interface. Finally, we must design an integrated display that
allows crisis mangers to visualize thousands of near-simultaneous incident reports and crisis
management assets across a geographically distributed area of operations.
We have been working on transitioning concepts and solution from the CPOF system to create a
Crisis Management and Disaster Recovery System (CMDRS), the results of which we plan to
employ on our work defining a set of operations and functions that are required for an EMPIRES
implementation. The figure below illustrates how an integrated set of coordination tools may be
assembled:
Figure 2 – Notational Architecture underlying a well-coordinated Red Cell system
During the first phase of our execution, we will advance the key concept areas mentioned earlier.
As such, we will continue to refine CONOPS that extend the current Red Cell system model,
also bringing into the field of vision additional capabilities and requirements including more
from programs such as SensorNet and programs at ORNL, NCS, and within other national labs,
Homeland Security Centers of Excellence, and agencies such as DARPA and DTRA.
Parts of this effort have already been underway in a limited form and include the entire R&D,
performed through a close partner organization, on the Nomad Eyes distributed cellular and WiFi
sensor fusion, analysis and notification system. Nomad Eyes research and architectural
prototyping focused on the issues of how to use diversified, plug-n-play, low-cost, COTS sensing
and collection and integrated forms of analytical techniques to serve both active interdiction and
response plus notification for civilians and general users in a “two-way” service. The parallels
between Nomad Eyes and Red Cell are quite significant and as a result the level of prior work on
the CONOPS as well as for technical evaluation and assessment has been quite high. This
advance work includes field testing and studies of human factors and user acceptance.
The second part of our Red Cell Phase I task is the refinement of a specific set of plans for
implementation of a deployable demonstration network, incorporating both dedicated and
Proprietary Information 4

5. IDHS
Red Cell
conventional (public) cellular devices, communication services and existing emergency
management portals. Again, the prior work in this topic provides Global InfoTek with a very
advanced understanding of the issues, problems, and hurdles on not only the technical but the
operational, political, financial and logistic levels, with a strong head start on providing
CONOPS. Having the appropriate coordination and agent-based technologies and the
understanding of the broad field of knowledge discovery and dissemination for defense,
homeland security and counterterrorism applications, plus a proven track record in delivering
such systems to users in the military and intelligence communities, puts Global InfoTek in a
strong position to design a very practical and efficient solution for emergency alerts and
responses.
C. Past Experience (Why Global InfoTek?)
A successful Red Cell system requires integrated command and control design plus knowledge
discovery and situational awareness concepts that have matured through programs sponsored by
DARPA and DTO (ARDA) and ultimately proven in fielded DOD systems. Global InfoTek has
been pre-eminent for providing successful, deployable solutions – architecture, components,
evaluation, testing, training and installation. GITI possesses the specific expertise – technical,
logistic, operational, and cultural – necessary to deliver a comprehensive design and CONOPS
for a versatile emergency warning and response network. GITI also brings to the table several
potentially applicable technologies developed and tested for past and current DoD and
intelligence community programs. Of particular direct relevance to Red Cell are CHAIN
(Compose-able Heterogeneous Agents for Intelligent Notification) and CPOF (Command Post of
the Future, developed under DARPA and now deployed in Iraq and CONUS for the US Army) -
as well as our experience developing the Army’s tactical Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP)
subsystem for CPOF (handling over 200 simultaneous users in high-speed multi-channel
networks).
Drawing upon aforementioned projects and experience in system integration and evaluation
especially, we will provide an evaluation and assessment of how different components for a
EMPIRES implementation and deployment can be combined systematically and how these will
operate under extreme stress, from the perspective of hardware, software, networks, power,
media quality (audio, video) and especially human-computer interaction. We will not
concentrate upon the technology primarily, but rather will draw upon prior program work
especially CPOF, Nomad Eyes (distributed cellular and WiFi CBRNE early warning and
response, conceived and designed exactly for Red Cell applications) and CMDRS as the
foundation for future CONOPS using mobile phone infrastructure for information sharing at the
level of first-responders, the general public, and up the chain-of-command in the emergency
response organization.
D. Deliverables
• High-level architecture of EMPIRES service and communication components
• Comprehensive strategy for transitioning EMPIRES capabilities into the mobile phone industry
• Detailed evaluation of “Civilian Response Network” models and protocols for involvement of cellular
provider services and participation by the general population
Proprietary Information 5

6. IDHS
Red Cell
• HCI design of operator interface components and applications
• Preliminary requirements for an EMPIRES prototype and hands-on demonstration
• Plan for regional and service extension in staged progressions
E. Key Personnel
Dr. Martin Dudziak, PhD has conducted research in complex nonlinear systems including pattern
recognition and probabilistic reasoning for over two decades. He has been employed in scientific
and engineering management for Battelle, Martin Marietta, ST Microelectronics, Intel, Medical
College of Virginia, Silicon Dominion and TETRAD Technologies, having received his doctorate in
theoretical and computational physics from Union Institute and University. Within the past 6 years
Martin has focused upon the modeling of CBRN emergencies, both terrorist and natural in origin,
counterterrorism with a focus upon biological and nuclear attacks, and early warning networks.
Recent work includes the Nomad Eyes™ amorphously distributed sensor network for analysis
(using massively parallel inverse and probabilistic methods) of multi-modal data with inverse
relational mapping and mutual information based registration/discrimination of objects.
Mr. Joe Ordia: Before joining GITI, Mr. Ordia served as the lead engineer for the Army’s
Command Post of the Future CoMotion software from 2001-2003. Most recently, Mr. Ordia served
as GITI’s program manager for the CPOF Pattern Discovery program. In this capacity, Mr. Ordia
led a team of machine learning experts in developing solutions to automate the flow of intelligence
information between operators in the Army’s CPOF environment. He is also leading efforts to
transition CPOF concepts to applications in crisis management and disaster response. In addition
to developing technology, Mr. Ordia spent six months in Iraq with the US Army providing tactical
system support during the first fielding of CPOF. His technical, management, and operational
experience make Mr. Ordia a valuable contributor to the proposed Red Cell research. Mr. Ordia did
his undergraduate studies in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University.
Special Advisory Consultants to the Project include:
Dr. Dorothy Small, PhD is a senior scientist with Shaw Environmental Group and Ms. Small has
20 years experience in a broad array of onsite specific environmental requirements, biohazard
emergency response, laboratory analysis, sampling procedures, bioremediation, and construction.
She was manager of sampling and remediation for the US Post Office Anthrax Cleanup in both
Trenton, NJ and Washington, DC.
Dr. Kristin Omberg, PhD is a Group Leader for the Systems Engineering & Integration Group,
Decision Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory and has led a coordination of
military methods and measures for application to public health use with target projects in the San
Diego metropolitan community. She has an background in biosensor integration and the use of
mobile wireless sensor networks in conjunction with alert systems.
Mr. Michael Chandler is a member of the International Advisory Boards of two prestigious
centers focusing on terrorism - ICT, Herzliya and IDSS, Singapore. In February 2004 he was
awarded the Risk Management Solutions Visiting Fellowship to the International Centre for Political
Violence and Terrorism Research at IDSS. Michael was the Chairman of the Monitoring Group,
established by the UN Security Council in 2001 to monitor sanctions against the Taliban and, from
January 2002 until January 2004, the al-Qaida network. He is a co-author of seven subject reports to
the UN Security Council.
Proprietary Information 6