1. IRRIGATION DEVICES IN
ENDODONTIC
DONE BY DR.MARWA AHMED

2. IRRIGATION DEVICES IN ENDODONTIC
І- MANUAL
1.Syringe
irrigation with
needles/
cannulas
(end/side vent)
2.Brushes
A. Endobrush
B.Navitip FX
3.Manual Dynamic Agitation
(hand activated well fitting
gutta percha)
ІІ- MACHINE ASSISTED
1.Rotary
brushes
A.Ruddle
brush
B.Canal
brush
2.Continuous
irrigation
during rotary
instrumentatin
(Quantec-E)
3.Sonic
A.Rispisonic file
B.Endoactivator
4.Ultrasonic
5. Pressure
alternating
devices
A.EndoVac
B.Rinse
Endo
6. Recent advance system
A. Lasers
b. Light activated disinfection
(LAD)
C. Electrochemically activated
water (ECA)
D.Oxidative potential water
(OPW)

3.  Different sizes (1-20 ml)
 Luer-Lok design
Modifications of tip of the needles
A) Bivelled
B) Monoject
C) Safe ended (A) (B) (C )
І- MANUAL
1.Syringe irrigation with needles/
cannulas(end/side vent)
Modifications of needles
A) Bending the tip
B) Flexiglide needle
(A) (B) 27-31 gauge recommended
 should not bind in the canal
 easily controlled
Advantages
not enough flushing action
 deliver solution only 1 mm
deeper than the tip of the needle
Disadvantages

4. 2.Brushes
B. NaviTip FX
A. Endobrush
 used only as an adjuncts
 Nylon bristles set in twisted wire
 Can’t be used till working length
 Dislodgement of radiolucent bristles
 recently introduced
 30-gauge needle covered with brush
І- MANUAL
Disadvantages

5. 3.MANUAL DYNAMIC AGITATION
 Effect of “apical vapor lock”
 Technique: Gently moving a well-fitting gutta-percha
master cone up and down in short 2- to 3-mm strokes within an
instrumented canal
 Principles:
1. changes in intracanal pressure
2. frequency of 3.3Hz, 100 strokes per 30 seconds
3. viscously dominated flow (mixing of fresh spent solution with
the reacted irrigant)
І- MANUAL

6. 1. ROTARY BRUSHES
A.Ruddle brush
B.Canal brush
2. Continuous Irrigation During
Rotary Instrumentation
(Quantec-E)
 Self contained fluid delivery
unit
 uses a pump console, 2
irrigation reservoirs & tubing
- no significant results in middle
& apical in cleaning efficiency
ІІ- MACHINE ASSISTED
A.Ruddle brush B.Canal brush
(Quantec-E)
Disadvantages

7. 3.SONIC IRRIGATION
A. Rispisonic file
Vibringe
 combines battery-driven
vibrations (9000 Cycle per Minute)
with manually operated irrigation
of the root canal
ІІ- MACHINE ASSISTED
A.Rispisonic file
B. Endoactivator
 consists of a portable handpiece and
3 types of disposable polymer tips of
different sizes 10,000 cycles per minute .

8. IT is the simultaneous combination of ultrasonic irrigation and
instrumentation. it has been almost discarded in the clinical
 Ultrasonically activated files have the potential to
prepare and debride root canals mechanically.
 Files are driven to oscillate at ultrasonic frequencies
of 25–30 kHz in a transverse vibration
Two types of ultrasonic irrigation :
A. Active ultrasonic irrigation (AUI)
B. Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI)
ІІ- MACHINE ASSISTED
A. Active ultrasonic irrigation (AUI)
4.Ultrasonic

9. PASSIVE ULTRASONIC IRRIGATION (PUI)
 During PUI, the energy is transmitted from an oscillating file or a smooth wire
to the irrigant in the root canal by means of ultrasonic waves.
The latter induces acoustic streaming and cavitation of the irrigant.
Irrigant Application Methods During PUI:
a) Continuous Ultrasonic Irrigation
 Nusstein’s needle holding devices
 needle is simultaneously activated by the ultrasonic
handpiece, while an irrigant is delivered from an intravenous
tubing connected via a Luer-lok to an irrigation-delivering
syringe.
b) Intermittent Flush Ultrasonic Irrigation
Acoustic streaming cavitation

10. 1-PUI is more effective than syringe needle irrigation in removing
pulpal tissue remnants and dentin debris.
2-smear layers were effectively removed from the apical, middle, and cervical
thirds of the canal walls by EDTA plus Cetavlon (EDTAC) and NaOCl by
using a size 15 file energized by ultrasonic agitation.
 High-power ultrasound causes de-agglomeration of bacterial
biofilms via the action of acoustic streaming
 Cavitation may produce temporary weakening of the cell
membrane
Removal of Bacteria:
B.PASSIVE ULTRASONIC IRRIGATION (PUI)
Removal of smear layer:

11. 5. PRESSURE ALTERNATION DEVICES
A. The EndoVac System….
Multi-Port Adapter (MPA)
ІІ- MACHINE ASSISTED
(B)
(C) (D)
(A)
(A) Macrocannula with handpiec
(B) Microcannula with fingerpiece
(C) Master delivery tip
(D) Tip of microcannula

12. The EndoVac System….
APPLICATION OF MICROCANNULE IN THE CANAL :
Negative
pressure
Positive
pressure
Advantages OF ENDOVAC SYSTEM
1.Safety:Less apical extrusion risk using the EndoVac system compared with needle
irrigation
2.Efficacy:Better debridement 1 mm from working length using the EndoVac system
compared with needle irrigation
3.SUCCESS:Negative apical pressure irrigation system EndoVac results in
significantly less postoperative pain & necessity for analgesic medication than a
conventional needle irrigation protocol

13. B. The RinsEndo System
 65 mL of a rinsing solution oscillating at a frequency of 1.6 Hz is
drawn from an attached syringe and transported to the root canal via
an adapted cannula.
 Suction phase (100 times per minute)
 higher risk of apical extrusion of the irrigant
ІІ- MACHINE ASSISTED
Disadvantage
5. PRESSURE ALTERNATION DEVICES

14. 6.RECENT ADVANCES IN IRRIGATION SYSTEM
A. LASERS
Nd: YAG :1064 nm (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum
garnet) laser irradiation significantly reduced the number
of bacteria (E. faecalis), but its inferior to NaOCl irrigation,
which effectively disinfected the canals.
Ho : YAG : 2.1 μm ( Holmium- yttrium aluminium garnet )
laser shows excellent antibacterial efficiency against E.
faecalis while CO2 laser shows a mixed response
CO2(carbon dioxide) : 10.6 μm laser removed and melted
the smear layer on the instrumented canal walls, while
the Er: YAG 2940 nm (erbium yttrium aluminium garnet)
laser was the most effective in removing the smear layer
ІІ- MACHINE ASSISTED

15. B. Light-activated Disinfection (LAD)
 Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy
 Photosensitizer (toluidine blue dye, methylene
blue dye, etc)
 The canal is then filled with a photosensitizer and
then illuminated with a light source (laser, white
light, red light, or a light-emitting diode).
.FotoSan: comercially
available LAD
Application of photosensitizer Light Activated Disinfection
ІІ- MACHINE ASSISTED
6.RECENT ADVANCES IN IRRIGATION SYSTEM

16. C. Electrochemically activated water (ECA)
 produced with a new and unique anode–cathode system
 extremely biocompatibility
 ECA produced much clearer dentinal walls compared to
NaOCl
D. Oxidative potential water (OPW)
 electrolyzed NaCl in a special machine called aquacida
6.RECENT ADVANCES IN IRRIGATION SYSTEM
ІІ- MACHINE ASSISTED
Oxidative potential water (OPW)