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Building a database security program
- 1. BUILDING A DATABASE SECURITY PROGRAM Matt Presson @matt_presson Sr. Information Security Analyst, Leading Multi-National Insurance Brokerage
- 2. WHO AM I? Sr. Information Security Analyst Focus mainly on Application Security and related issues Recently focused on designing a database security program
- 3. OBJECTIVE Why database security is important The process of developing the program What to watch out for NOT giving a blueprint!
- 5. BECAUSE WE ARE FAILING!
- 6. WHY DATABASE SECURITY? It stores your most sensitive data Traditional controls are not adapted to new attacks Firewalls IDS, IPS AV, HIDS and HIPS Full Disk Encryption Breaches are still happening!
- 8. HIGH-LEVEL OVERVIEW Ongoing Planning Implementation Management Discover & Determine Assess Periodic Audits Stakeholders Secure Access Goals & Focus Review and Areas Secure Update Standards Infrastructure Standards & Review and Policies Monitor Update Policies
- 9. PLANNING Determine stakeholders People with a vested interest in keeping data safe Not just a part of the security department Critical business leaders Compliance/Audit organization Application support managers Determine your goals and areas of focus Address current business issues and concerns Planning Unique to each organization Determine Stakeholders Goals & Focus Areas Standards & Policies
- 10. PLANNING Standards and Policies Build configurations Password complexity Access control Permissions management Data classification Planning Determine Stakeholders Goals & Focus Areas Standards & Policies
- 11. PLANNING Data Classification Different levels of assurance for different data types Keep it SIMPLE! Example (security viewpoint): Confidential – e.g. HR data, Financials, etc. Internal – e.g. Org Charts Public – Released earnings info, Company tweets, etc. Planning Determine Stakeholders Goals & Focus Areas Standards & Policies
- 12. HIGH-LEVEL OVERVIEW Ongoing Planning Implementation Management Discover & Determine Assess Periodic Audits Stakeholders Secure Access Goals & Focus Review and Areas Secure Update Standards Infrastructure Standards & Review and Policies Monitor Update Policies
- 13. IMPLEMENTATION LIFECYCLE Discover and Assess Monitor Secure Access Secure Infrastructure
- 14. DISCOVERY AND ASSESSMENT Focus at the application layer Gather a manageable list of business critical apps What are your most important systems? What applications have the largest impact on your ability to do business? What systems do our auditors/regulators care about most? Discover and Assess Secure Monitor Access Secure Infrastructure
- 15. SECURE ACCESS Minimize the number of accounts Get a list of accounts from DBA Group the accounts by usage, e.g. Applications, DBAs, Individuals (normal and admin) Reduce the number of admin accounts Talk to the person – determine what the real need is Minimize account permissions Can you use a view? Discover and Assess What about a stored procedure? Secure Monitor Access Secure Infrastructure
- 16. SECURE ACCESS Control where accounts access from Are web and application servers ok? Should DBAs have access directly from their workstations? Should employees have access from their workstations? Do you need terminal servers or bastion hosts? Should a database be accessible Discover and Assess from the Internet? Secure Monitor Access Secure Infrastructure
- 17. SECURE INFRASTRUCTURE Ensure you are up-to-date on OS patches Free / Commercial scanners Windows Update *nix distro repositories Don’t forget about the DB software itself! MySQL authentication bypass – CVE-2012-2122 Oracle TNS Poisoning – CVE-2012-1675 SQL Server 2003 Local Administrator Discover and Assess group Secure Monitor Access Secure Infrastructure
- 18. MONITORING Watch what your employees are doing Built-in transaction logs or auditing solutions Third-party tools Database triggers Have different levels of monitoring Failed logins for everyone All activity by privileged accounts Individual account activity Discover and Assess outside of “the norm” Monitor Secure Access Secure Infrastructure
- 19. MONITORING Watch for specific events Access outside of the normal activity period Failed login attempts Returning too much sensitive data Abnormally high number of requests SQL injection attempts Discover and Assess Secure Monitor Access Secure Infrastructure
- 20. IMPLEMENTATION LIFECYCLE Discover and Assess Monitor Secure Access Secure Infrastructure
- 21. HIGH-LEVEL OVERVIEW Ongoing Planning Implementation Management Discover & Determine Assess Periodic Audits Stakeholders Secure Access Goals & Focus Review and Areas Secure Update Standards Infrastructure Standards & Review and Policies Monitor Update Policies
- 22. ONGOING MANAGEMENT Periodically audit completed systems Work with your DBAs Collaborate with internal audit Keep your documentation current Review updated vendor documents Discuss upcoming migration plans with technology teams Ongoing Management Periodic Audits Review / Update Standards Review / Update Policies
- 23. SUMMARY We have to protect the data Engage with the business Determine their concerns Address their issues Become a business partner/enabler Secure your most critical systems first Don’t forget about the infrastructure Monitor, monitor, monitor Stay current
- 24. QUESTIONS?
- 25. APPENDIX 1 – STANDARDS AND POLICIES Resources Database Vendor NIST Government Agencies, e.g. NSA Standards Bodies, e.g. SANS, IANS International CERTs Existing company documentation