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2.  Scandium is Latin for Scandinavia,
where it was first discovered in
1869
 Scandium is a rare, hard, silvery,
rough, very dark metallic element
that develops a slightly yellowish
or pinkish tint when exposed to air
 First prepared in its metallic form
in 1937
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 2.985 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 2.80 g·cm−3
Melting point
1814 K
(1541 °C, 2806 °F)
Boiling point
3109 K
(2836 °C, 5136 °F)
Heat of fusion 14.1 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 332.7 kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity (25 °C) 25.52 J·mol−1
·K−1
Young's modulus 74.4 GPa
Shear modulus 29.1 GPa
Bulk modulus 56.6 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.279
Brinell hardness 750 MPa
CAS registry number 7440-20-2

3.  Mainly used in aluminum
alloys for
• Aerospace components
• Sports equipment (bikes,
golf clubs, bats, firearms)
 Also used in high
intensity lights
• Scandium Iodide added to
mercury vapor lamps for
TV cameras
• Some types of light bulbs
scandium provides the highest increment of strengthening per atomic
percent of any alloying element when added to aluminum..
Night Guard™ Features
• Strong, Lightweight Scandium Alloy
Frames

4.  Titanium is similar in weight and
strength and is much more common
(cheaper) than scandium.
 When added to aluminum,
scandium lowers the rate of
recrystallization and grain-growth
in weld heat-affected zones.
 Scandium does increase an
aluminum alloy strength somewhat,
but is primarily added for the
benefit of stronger welds.
• Scandium-aluminum alloys originally
used on Russian submarine-launched
ballistic missiles
• Made strong missile nose cones and
strong tail fin welds enabling missiles to
pierce arctic ice caps when launched
from below the surface