1. Tsunami Detector

2. Tsunami A sea wave of local or distant origin that results from large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploding volcanic islands.

3. Regular Wind Generated Wave 10 Feet 300 Feet Speed: 10-20 mph

4. Tsunami in Deep Ocean 1-2 Feet 316,800 Feet Speed: 450-650 mph

5. Tsunami Approaching Shore 10-100+ Feet 5,000 – 10,000 Feet Speed: 35-220 mph

6. Tsunami Cycle Tidal Surge Underlying Geological Event Water Displaced Wave Propagation Tidal Withdraw Detection Opportunities

7. Detection Coastline Activity Wave Activity Geologic Activity Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

8. Current State of the Art 5,000 M Surface Buoy Hydrophone Anchor Tsunami Detector Acoustic Link Satellite Gonzalez, F.I. (1999): Tsunami!. Scientific American, 280(5), 56-65

10. Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert Deep sea pressure Seismic Events Surface anomalies Coastal Alarm & Detection

12. Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert Anchor Tsunami trough threshold level Receding sea trigger Anchor line under constant spring tension at buoy

13. Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert Anchor Tsunami trough threshold level Tsunami trough (receding sea) Tension in anchor line pulls buoy into contact with trigger Flares ignited to signal coastal communities Satellite, RF, audible alarms execute responsive to contact with trigger

14. Genesis Tsunami Coastal Alert Buoy measures tsunami crest – broadcasts satellite data for emergency response in other areas.

16. Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert Responsive to seismic event GTOA releases non-buoyant pressure sensors at multiple depths below normal wave action. Genesis Offshore 02

17. Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert Detachable pressure sensors Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity. NOAA’s DART system uses pressure sensors that are permanently mounted to seabed. Prone to failure. Genesis Offshore 02

18. Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert Detachable pressure sensors Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity. Seismic event detected – Genesis Offshore buoys drop pressure sensors to multiple depths. Pressure Wave Genesis Offshore 02

19. Genesis Tsunami Offshore Alert Detachable pressure sensors Pressure changes below predetermined depth are indicators of tsunami activity. Pressure readings are relayed to monitoring station. Multiple readings provide more accurate analysis of deep pressure readings. Satellite Genesis Offshore 02

20. Genesis Drop Sensor Lead weight is adjusted so that rate of decent is controlled so that multiple sensors reach their operating depth in synchronization. Sensor is maintained above waterline before release. No fouling or damage from deep sea mounting. Pressure transducer supplied by Paroscientific, Inc. – Quartz crystal detection of flex of Bourdon tube. Telemetry and support line.

23. Deep Sea P Sensor

24. Deep-sea pressure sensors (Germany)

26. Suggested global distribution of deep sea pressure sensors (to be defined)

27. Suggested placement of new seismographic and deep sea pressure sensors (India)

28. Suggested real-time sea level stations (India)

31. Civil defence communication system Chinandega (El viejo) 1.- Venecia 2.- Aposentillo 3.- Jiquilillo 4.- Aserraderos 5.- Los Zorros 6.- Padre Ramos 7.- Mechapa 8.- Punta Nata 9.- Potosí Chinandega (Corinto) 10.- Corinto 11.- Isla del Cardón 12.- Isla del Amor Chinandega (El Realejo ) 13.- Isla Maderas Negras 14.- Isla Paredones 15.- Paso Caballos León 16.- El Tránsito 17.- Puerto Sandino 18.- Salinas Grandes 19.- Poneloya 20.- Las Peñitas 21.- Los Brasiles Managua 22.- Salamina 23.- Montelimar 24.- Masachapa 25.- Pochomil 26.- San Diego 27.- Gran Pacífica 28.- Miraflores Carazo 29.- Casares 30.- La Boquita 31.- Bocana de Masapa Jinotepe 32.- Tipilapa 33.- Huehuete 34.- La Bocana Rivas 35.- El Ostional 36.- San Juan del Sur 37.- El Menco 38.- El Gigante 39.- San Martín 40.- Las Salinas 41.- El Astillero 42.- La Flor (130,000) under risk 1 34 38 37 2 3 4 6 5 8 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 39 40 41 42 Source Defensa Civil, 2005 INETER CODE DEFENSA CIVIL 90 kms 45 min

34. Thank you