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Barium zirconate
CONTENTS
 Doped Barium Zirconate
 Applications, advantages & disadvantages of BZY
 Sintering
 Sample Preparation
 Characterization
 Results and Discussion
 Conclusion
BARIUM ZIRCONATE
Pervoskite structure




 When Barium Zirconate (BZ) is doped with Y2O3, oxygen vacancies are formed.

                   Y2O3 + BaZrO3 2YZr’ + 3Oox + Vooo
APPLICATIONS OF BZY

 It is used as electrolyte and electrode material in
  Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
  (IT-SOFC).
ADVANTAGES OF BZY

 High stability with sufficient proton conductivity in
  the temperature range of 600-800o C
 Greatly reduces material & fabrication problems
 Improves cell reliability during prolonged operations
 Stable in CO2 and H2O containing atmosphere
DISADVANTAGES OF BZY

 Yttria doped barium zirconate material is difficult to
  sinter
SINTERING

 Sintering simply means “coalescence of powder at
  elevated temperatures.”
 The driving force operating during sintering is the
  reduction in surface energy.
SINTERING

 Various atomic mechanisms:
 1. Evaporation – Condensation (path 1)
 2. Surface diffusion (path 2)
 3. Volume diffusion (path 3)
 4. Grain boundary diffusion (path 4)
SINTERING STAGES
 An interval of geometric change in which pore shape is totally defined
  (such as rounding of necks during the initial stage sintering) or an
  interval of time during which the pore remains constant in shape while
  decreasing in size
SAMPLE PREPARATION

 Solid-state method
 Raw materials: BaCO3 , ZrO2 , Y2O3
 Weighing and mixing/grinding
 Calcination
 Pelletization (uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing)
 Solid state sintering
CHARACTERIZATION

 Phase formation
 Density
 Sintering
 Microstructural studies
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
                 1. XRD
                  200

                                                1300
                                                1350
                                                1400
                  150
Intensity (A.U)




                  100




                   50




                    0
                        20   30       40   50          60
                                  2
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
 2. PARTICLE MORPHOLOGY & PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION




 Shape not exactly spherical
 Paricle size varied from 0.205 µm to 1.405 µm
 Average particle size 0.649 µm
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
                                        3. SINTERING
 Dilatometry                                          Temperature Vs Shrinkage


                                   0
                Shrimkage (in %)




                                   -2




                                   -4




                                   -6
                                        0        700               1400
                                                          O
                                            Temperature (in C)



  maximum shrinkage was 5.36 % at 1556o C
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
                          3.SINTERING
 Densification




 Low density
 Grain size was 200 – 500 nm
 Single phase formation had taken place
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
           4. DENSIFICATION USING ZnO




By using ZnO, 92 – 94 % density was obtained.
CONCLUSION

 Single phase formation
 BZY couldn’t be sintered properly even at 1550o C
 ZnO helps in sintering
THANK YOU!!!

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Barium zirconate

  • 2. CONTENTS  Doped Barium Zirconate  Applications, advantages & disadvantages of BZY  Sintering  Sample Preparation  Characterization  Results and Discussion  Conclusion
  • 3. BARIUM ZIRCONATE Pervoskite structure  When Barium Zirconate (BZ) is doped with Y2O3, oxygen vacancies are formed. Y2O3 + BaZrO3 2YZr’ + 3Oox + Vooo
  • 4. APPLICATIONS OF BZY  It is used as electrolyte and electrode material in Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (IT-SOFC).
  • 5. ADVANTAGES OF BZY  High stability with sufficient proton conductivity in the temperature range of 600-800o C  Greatly reduces material & fabrication problems  Improves cell reliability during prolonged operations  Stable in CO2 and H2O containing atmosphere
  • 6. DISADVANTAGES OF BZY  Yttria doped barium zirconate material is difficult to sinter
  • 7. SINTERING  Sintering simply means “coalescence of powder at elevated temperatures.”  The driving force operating during sintering is the reduction in surface energy.
  • 8. SINTERING  Various atomic mechanisms: 1. Evaporation – Condensation (path 1) 2. Surface diffusion (path 2) 3. Volume diffusion (path 3) 4. Grain boundary diffusion (path 4)
  • 9. SINTERING STAGES  An interval of geometric change in which pore shape is totally defined (such as rounding of necks during the initial stage sintering) or an interval of time during which the pore remains constant in shape while decreasing in size
  • 10. SAMPLE PREPARATION  Solid-state method  Raw materials: BaCO3 , ZrO2 , Y2O3  Weighing and mixing/grinding  Calcination  Pelletization (uniaxial and cold isostatic pressing)  Solid state sintering
  • 11. CHARACTERIZATION  Phase formation  Density  Sintering  Microstructural studies
  • 12. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS 1. XRD 200 1300 1350 1400 150 Intensity (A.U) 100 50 0 20 30 40 50 60 2
  • 13. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS 2. PARTICLE MORPHOLOGY & PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION  Shape not exactly spherical  Paricle size varied from 0.205 µm to 1.405 µm  Average particle size 0.649 µm
  • 14. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS 3. SINTERING  Dilatometry Temperature Vs Shrinkage 0 Shrimkage (in %) -2 -4 -6 0 700 1400 O Temperature (in C) maximum shrinkage was 5.36 % at 1556o C
  • 15. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS 3.SINTERING  Densification  Low density  Grain size was 200 – 500 nm  Single phase formation had taken place
  • 16. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS 4. DENSIFICATION USING ZnO By using ZnO, 92 – 94 % density was obtained.
  • 17. CONCLUSION  Single phase formation  BZY couldn’t be sintered properly even at 1550o C  ZnO helps in sintering