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4chan and /b/:An Analysis of Anonymityand Ephemerality in a Large Online Community,[object Object],Michael Bernstein, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Drew Harry, Paul André, Katrina Panovich and Greg Vargas,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],mit computer science and ai lab,[object Object],mit media labuniversity of southampton,[object Object]
Mark Zuckerberg,[object Object],Identity Representation,[object Object],Pseudonyms and multiple accounts demonstrate “a lack of integrity”,[object Object],pseudonyms,[object Object]
Google,[object Object],“The web means the end of forgetting.”,[object Object],— New York Times,[object Object],Mark Zuckerberg,[object Object],Identity Representation,[object Object],Pseudonyms and multiple accounts demonstrate “a lack of integrity”,[object Object],Archiving Strategy,[object Object]
Millen 2000,[object Object],Archives are highly valued and expected to be read by newcomers.,[object Object],Millen + Patterson 2003,[object Object],Identity Representation,[object Object],Real names and pseudonyms “promote trust, cooperation and accountability.”,[object Object],Archiving Strategy,[object Object]
Ma+ Agarwal2007,[object Object],Strong identity and permanent archives correlate with satisfaction and participation,[object Object],Identity Representation,[object Object],?,[object Object],What happens in a large scale anonymous, ephemeral community?,[object Object],Archiving Strategy,[object Object]
Ma+ Agarwal2007,[object Object],Strong identity and permanent archives correlate with satisfaction and participation,[object Object],Identity Representation,[object Object],?,[object Object],How does such a community produce so much of the Internet’s shared culture?,[object Object],Archiving Strategy,[object Object]
Ma+ Agarwal2007,[object Object],Strong identity and permanent archives correlate with satisfaction and participation,[object Object],Identity Representation,[object Object],4chan /b/,[object Object],Archiving Strategy,[object Object]
Our Goal,[object Object],Use 4chan /b/ as a lens to understand the concepts of anonymity and ephemerality.,[object Object]
Our Argument,[object Object],Anonymity and ephemerality support community behaviors that generate internet culture.,[object Object]
4chan and /b/: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community
4chan’s Impact,[object Object],>>,[object Object],moot!Ep8pui8Vw2 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],over seven million users,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:23 No.339760,[object Object],prolific meme factory,[object Object],> lolcats> rickrolling> chocolate rain> pedobear,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:43 No.339823,[object Object],highly visible off-site activities,[object Object],> electing moot Time Person of the Year> hacktivist group Anonymous,[object Object]
/b/, the “Random” board,[object Object],The most active board,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],30% of all traffic,[object Object],>>,[object Object],moot!Ep8pui8Vw2 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],“the lifeforce of the website”,[object Object],where the “rowdiness and lawlessness” happen,[object Object]
4chan /b/ and Ephemerality,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],/b/ deletes content as soon as newer content arrives,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760597,[object Object],fast-paced and chaotic experience,[object Object],Twitter’s design suggests ephemerality,[object Object]
4chan /b/ and Anonymity,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],posts are fully anonymous by default rarely contain pseudonyms or other identity signals,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:23 No.339760597,[object Object],traditional reputation systems become unworkable,[object Object],Formspring.me is based on anonymous feedback,[object Object],Blizzard’s shift to real names sparked an uprising,[object Object]
Related work,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymity 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Sites with (discouraged) anonymous commenting:Usenet [Donath 1999], Slashdot [Lampe+Resnick 2004],[object Object],Removing social cues makes communication impersonal [Short, Williams, Christie 1976] and cold [Hiltz, Johnson, Turoff 1986], and anonymity directly undermines credibility [Rains 2007].,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Ephemerality 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Technology does not let us forget [Grudin 2002; Mayer-Schonberger 2009],[object Object]
ITT: In This Talk,[object Object],ContentAnalysis of threads on 4chan /b/,[object Object],EphemeralityTempo and deletion dynamics,[object Object],AnonymityPractices around identity,[object Object]
Content Analysis,[object Object]
Content Analysis Method,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:31:04 No.3397256562,[object Object],collected 598 thread-starting postsover ten days,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],rounds of iterative coding,[object Object],developed nine categories to describe thread themes,[object Object]
Themed,[object Object],28%,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05,[object Object],ITT [“In this thread”] we only post stuff we have laughed at so hard we had tears,[object Object]
Sharing Content,[object Object],19%,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05,[object Object],This guy is a hero. :) http://www.youtube.com/[xxxxx],[object Object]
Question or Advice,[object Object],10%,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05,[object Object],Soup /b/ Recently I’ve been hanging out with a girl a lot, we’re both in college. I spend the night at her place all the time and we kiss and whatnot. Problem is, she just broke up with her ex [...] and I know she’s not over him. I really like her but I dunno what to do, so what do /b/?,[object Object]
>>,[object Object],Sharing Personal Information 9%,[object Object],U JELLY? [“Jealous?”] This is me suiting up at my formal looking fucking brilliant, then there is you fags sitting back and watching.,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Discussion 8%,[object Object],Hi Anonymous! So ive started this game called League of Legends a few days ago. [...] Is there anyone here who also plays it? Lets talk about it!,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Request for Item 8%,[object Object],anyone has a pic of that star wars battle tank with the german insignia shooped[“photoshopped”] on it? in return tits ,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Request for Action 7%,[object Object],Make a group saying [name] is awesome on face book. DO IT FAGGOTS,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Discussing /b/ 5%,[object Object],Heidi Ho there /b/ I’m a Newfag and now that i’ve been here all Summer I was wondering if i need a letter of recommendation From a Registered OldFag?,[object Object]
A Brief Word on Normalcy,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Media Representation 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05,[object Object],Fox News: 4chan is “The Internet Hate Machine”,[object Object],-but-,[object Object],it is a community like any other,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Nudity, Gore, Homophobia, Racism,[object Object],intentionally offensive and off-color,[object Object],create taste boundaries to keep out those not in it for the lulz,[object Object]
4chan and /b/: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community
Study 1Ephemerality,[object Object]
Ephemerality on 4chan,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05,[object Object],cool paper bro,[object Object]
Ephemerality on 4chan,[object Object]
Ephemerality on 4chan,[object Object]
Ephemerality on 4chan,[object Object]
Ephemerality on 4chan,[object Object]
Ephemerality on 4chan,[object Object]
Ephemerality on 4chan,[object Object]
Ephemerality on 4chan,[object Object],15 threads per page,[object Object],15 pages,[object Object],225 threads on /b/,[object Object]
Ephemerality on 4chan,[object Object],404,[object Object]
Ephemerality on 4chan,[object Object],Bumping,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05,[object Object],cool paper bro,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous,[object Object],p values or GTFO,[object Object]
Data Collection,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],complete dataset of /b/ activity over two weeks,[object Object],5,576,096 posts in 482,559 threads,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No.339734523,[object Object],recreate /b/’s thread position history using ,[object Object],post creation timestamps,[object Object]
Entire Lifetime,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Thread Lifetime 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No.3397345,[object Object],median thread lifetime: 3.9 minutes,[object Object],min: 28 secondsmax: 6.2 hours,[object Object],>>,[object Object],43% of threads get no replies,[object Object],median thread has original post and one reply,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Longest-Lived Thread 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34,[object Object],ASK A,[object Object],PAGAN,[object Object],ANYTHING,[object Object],go on do your worst (or alternatively actually get my re- spect and actually ask something useful),[object Object],>>,[object Object],Short-Lived Thread 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No.33973453984,[object Object],I hope you’re glad the captcha is gone, woo yeah, let’s all be random lolz!,[object Object]
First Page,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Why first page? 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34,[object Object],threads get most of their visibility on the first page,[object Object],reminder: bumped threads are returned to the first page,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Total time on first page 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34,[object Object],median time on first page: 5 seconds,[object Object],min: less than 1 secondmax: 37 minutes,[object Object]
Bumping and Sage,[object Object],>>,[object Object],bump 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No.33973454556,[object Object],39,[object Object],can reply with deliberate intent to bring the thread to the first page and keep it from 404ing,[object Object],2.16% of posts contained “bump”, “bamp”, etc. or similar inflections,[object Object],>>,[object Object],sage 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No.33973454556,[object Object],39,[object Object],“sage” in email field leaves a reply without bumping the thread: “burying” a thread,[object Object],0.77% of posts were sages,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Interpretation 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34,[object Object],39,[object Object],4chan members play within the bounds of ephemerality and manipulate it,[object Object]
Ephemerality Discussion,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Volume comparisons 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34,[object Object],35,000 threads and 400,000 /b/ posts per dayvs. 	7,100 digg threads per day,[object Object],	25,000 usenet posts per day,[object Object],65,000 youtube videos per day,[object Object],[Szabo+Huberman2010, newsadmin.com],[object Object],>>,[object Object],Alternate Archives 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34,[object Object],users save memorable content to /b/ folders on their hard drives,[object Object],4chanarchive.org for “epic” threads,[object Object]
Ephemerality Discussion,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Role in meme creation 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34,[object Object],fast pace leads to continuously fresh content,[object Object],no history may mitigate “rich get richer” phenomena,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Raising participation? 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34,[object Object],counterintuitively, ephemerality may actuallybe increasing participation in /b/,[object Object],participating in a thread is the best way to keep it from 404ing,[object Object]
Study 2Anonymity,[object Object]
Anonymity on 4chan,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No.33973454556,[object Object],[comment text],[object Object],>>,[object Object],OP 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No.33973454556,[object Object],[post using an unverifiable name],[object Object],>>,[object Object],username!Oo43raDvH6107/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No.33973454556,[object Object],[post using a tripcode, /b/’s only identity mechanism],[object Object]
Identity Markers,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No. 234028393,[object Object],90.1% of posts were credited to “Anonymous”,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Gómez et al. 2008  07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No. 23402839,[object Object],closest comparison in the literature:,[object Object],18.6% of Slashdot comments are anonymous,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Runners-up 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:44 No. 23402839323,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Tripcodes07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No. 234028393,[object Object],5% of posts used tripcodes,[object Object]
An Argument for Anonymity,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No. 2832974298,[object Object],typical online community narrative is pro-identity,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Millen and Patterson 2003 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34,[object Object],revealing names and reputations has a positive impact on communities,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Suler 2005 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34,[object Object],anonymity can fuel the online disinhibition effect,[object Object]
An Argument for Anonymity,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No. 2832974298,[object Object],typical online community narrative is pro-identity,[object Object],but, anonymity and disinhibition can have positive effects,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:33:23,[object Object],masking failure makes experimentation safer,[object Object],	creativity,[object Object],memes,[object Object],group ownership of creative content,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No. 29038240923,[object Object],anonymity can provide a cover for intimate conversations,[object Object],Soup /b/ Recently I’ve been hanging out with a girl a lot, we’re both in college. I spend the night at her place all the time and we kiss and whatnot. Problem is, she just broke up with her ex [...] and I know she’s not over him. I really like her but I dunno what to do, so what do /b/?,[object Object]
Identity without Accounts,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No. 2832974298,[object Object],alternative identity signaling,[object Object],>>,[object Object],timestamping in photossuggests authenticity,[object Object],>>,[object Object],slang helps delineate group membership ,[object Object],4chan ‘dialect’ is nontrivial,[object Object],required familiarity with current trends and memes,[object Object]
Ingroup and Outgroup,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No. 2832974298,[object Object],Triforcing as a classic identity barrier,[object Object],>>,[object Object],>>,[object Object]
TL;DR: Conclusion,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Content 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],dominated by playful exchanges of images and links,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Ephemerality 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],median thread spends 5 seconds on the first page,[object Object],			   expires completely in 5 minutes,[object Object],content deletion drives many of /b/’s dynamics,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymity 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:05 No.339760588,[object Object],over 90% of posts are made completely anonymously,[object Object],contrast to pseudonymous and fully identified sites,[object Object],5% of posts use tripcode identity mechanisms,[object Object]
Come join the lulz,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)15:30:34 No. 2832974298,[object Object],research follows the data,[object Object],but this turns a blind eye to important communities and movements ,[object Object],our chanthropologist toolkit can help you collect a dataset,[object Object],>>,[object Object],Anonymous 07/20/11(Wed)16:23:44 No. 2234534879,[object Object],meme creation and spread,[object Object],relationship to online activism and off-site activities,[object Object]
4chan and /b/: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community
Acknowledgments: danahboyd, Amy Bruckman, Gabriella Coleman, Danyel Fisher, Benjamin Mako Hill, Alex Leavitt, Rob Miller, Lisa Nakamura, Chris Schmandt, Christina Xu and SaritaYardi,[object Object]
4chan and /b/: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community

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4chan and /b/: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community

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Notas del editor

  1. collaboative grad student research, no profs
  2. Let’s start this journey with some trends.When you’re designing an online community or social media service, you need to make some choices.On identity, pseudonyms were the norm on the Internet for a long time.Then Facebook came along. We see more and more sites moving toward strong identity.
  3. Likewise, the advent of search engines has shifted us toward stronger notions of archiving…the web means the end of forgetting.
  4. Academic literature has followed suit. We argue that real names and pseudonyms are important to the health of online communities, and that centrally-maintained archives persist the group memory.
  5. Sometimes we argue both at once. But recently we are seeing a trend in the other direction. Fully anonymous = not even a pseudonym, nobody knows who posted it
  6. Sometimes we argue both at once.But recently we are seeing a trend in the other direction.
  7. the memes, the catchphrases, the attitude
  8. This is what 4chan looks like. Visually, it’s a throwback to 90’s web design.I’m going to try and mimic that aesthetic and attitude through the entire talk with these slides.Content-wise: intentionally offensive. “newfag”, “oldfag”, … misogyny…PornCliff LampeChristopher Poole, or “moot”, created 4chan in 2003 as an anime discussion boardCopied the format of Japanese forum 2chan.The format is: several threads per page, here you can see two compressed views of threads.Posts start with an image, often replies have images.
  9. About sixty boards today, spanning fashion, science, and “sexy beautiful women”
  10. anonymous is 18% of slashdot comments, controlled via user moderation. slashdot norm is pseudonyms
  11. [[[4-5 minutes into talk?]]]
  12. Why do this?Important to give a sense of how the community succeedsIn a space where participation looks nothing like traditional participation, we need to give you a sense of what you’re getting.Warn that this is offensive
  13. In keeping with /b/’s identity as an image board and the requirement that each thread-starter post an image, a common purpose of the board is to share images and web content. The two most prevalent thread types (Themed, 28%, and Shar- ing Content, 19%) both revolve around images and make up nearly half of all threads in our sample.
  14. In keeping with /b/’s identity as an image board and the requirement that each thread-starter post an image, a common purpose of the board is to share images and web content. The two most prevalent thread types (Themed, 28%, and Shar- ing Content, 19%) both revolve around images and make up nearly half of all threads in our sample.
  15. the kind of thing you’d rarely see teen- and college-age boys admitting online
  16. it's idiosyncratic, but it's not a hate machine. see traditional kinds of things, even in what seems to be tremendously hostile environment, we see lots of prosocial behaviorshold nothing sacred. leads to many reactions like, that is simultaneously the funniest thing I’ve ever seen and I wish I could unsee it.
  17. /b/ trolls itself.
  18. What does an ephemeral community really look like?How do people manage it?
  19. Darwinian struggle for attention
  20. 4chan /b/ is known collectively as Anonymous: so how anonymous is it, really?And how does that play out?
  21. but this turns a blind eye…FORTRANfrankly, by the time they’re on twitter or reddit, their fate has already been decidedinterest in this: slate, gawker, reddit, hacker newsColemanischool
  22. but this turns a blind eye…FORTRANfrankly, by the time they’re on twitter or reddit, their fate has already been decidedinterest in this: slate, gawker, reddit, hacker newsColemanischool