1. GEOL 325: Stratigraphy & Sedimentary Basins University of South Carolina Spring 2005 Professor Chris Kendall EWS 304 kendall@sc.edu 777.2410 An Overview of Carbonates

2. Precipitated Sediments & Sedimentary Rocks An Epitaph to Limestones & Dolomites

4. Sedimentary rocks are the product of the creation, transport, deposition, and diagenesis of detritus and solutes derived from pre-existing rocks.

5. Sedimentary rocks are the product of the creation, transport, deposition, and diagenesis of detritus and solutes derived from pre-existing rocks.

20. TROPICS TEMPERATE OCEANS

22. Basin Ramp Restricted Shelf Open Shelf

23. Basin Rim Restricted Shelf Open Shelf

26. Lime Mud or Micrite

27. Lime Mud or Micrite

28. WHITING LIME MUD ACCUMULATES ON BANK, OFF BANK & TIDAL FLATS

29. Three Creeks Tidal Flats

30. Lime Mud - Ordovician Kentucky

35. Ooids

37. Aragonitic Ooids

38. After Scholle, 2003 Aragonitic Ooids

39. Calcitic & Aragonitic Ooids Great Salt Lake

40. Grapestones

41. Grapestones

42. Pellets

43. Pellets

48. After Scholle

50. Drafted by Waite 99, after James 1984)

51. Foraminifera

52. After Scholle Foraminifera

53. Brachiopod

54. Brachiopods

55. Brachiopod

56. Bryozoan

57. Bryozoan

58. Trilobite Remains Ostracod Remains Calcispheres

59. Trilobite Carapice

60. Syntaxial cement Crinoid

61. Red Calcareous Algae

67. After James, 1984

69. After James, 1984

81. Isopachus Marine Cement

83. Meniscus Cement

96. Influx of Magnesium Rich Continental Ground Waters Influx of sea water Evaporation of mixed Waters 1. Aragonite 2. Gypsum 3. Anhydrite 4. Dolomite 5. Halite accumulate in this order

109. Stylolites After Bruce Railsback

110. Stylolites After Bruce Railsback

112. End of the Lecture Lets go for lunch!!!

113. Global Climate Cycles Global climatic cycles, referenced to geologic periods (yellow), megasequences (light purple), sea level cycles (blue), & volcanic output (dark purple). (Redrawn & modified L. Waite, 2002 after Fischer, 1984)

114. Frakes et al. (1992) have alternating cold & warm states ("cool" & "warm" modes) at comparable time scales to Fischer (1984) cycles but propose older portion of Mesozoic greenhouse (Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) has a cool climate, & presence of seasonal ice at higher latitudes (after L. Waite, 2002) Phanerozoic Global Climate History

115. Copied from Steven Wojtal of Oberlin College

117. Copied from Steven Wojtal of Oberlin College

119. Copied from Steven Wojtal of Oberlin College

120. Copied from Suzanne O'Connell Wesleyan College

121. Copied from Suzanne O'Connell Wesleyan College