HIV/AIDS was first identified in the 1980s but may have originated in Africa in the late 1950s. While drug treatments and education have slowed its spread in some areas, most people in Africa with HIV are unaware of their status. HIV is a retrovirus that can develop into AIDS if not properly managed, though it cannot be cured. It is most often transmitted through bodily fluids like blood, semen, and vaginal fluids or from mother to child. Prevention methods include abstinence, monogamy, condom use, sterile needles, and new blades. Sub-Saharan Africa has the most HIV cases, with 18% of new global infections. Efforts are needed to increase testing,

2. Introduction
Aids was first identified in the early 1980s, but the first case of the
disease may have occurred much earlier - in Africa in the late 1950s.
Drug treatments and public education have curbed its spread in some
parts of the world. In Africa, most people infected with HIV are unaware
of the fact.

3. WHAT IS HIV??
 “Human ImmunodefIcIency VIrus”
 A unique type of virus (a retrovirus)
 Threatening a global epidemic.
 Preventable, manageable but not curable.

4. WHAT IS AIDS ???

“acquIred ImmunodefIcIency syndrome”
 HIV is the virus that causes AIDS

5. Where does Aids come from?
Most researchers believe humans acquired Aids from chimpanzees which sometimes carry a similar virus - by eating them or being bitten by
them. A minority view holds that it was spread by a vaccine made from
infected chimpanzee tissue.

6. Modes of HIV/AIDS
Transmission

7. THROUGH BODILY FLUIDS
 Blood products
 Semen
 Vaginal fluids

8. INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE
Sharing Needles
Without sterilization
Increases the chances of
contracting HIV
 Unsterilized blades

9. THROUGH SEX
 Unprotected Intercourse
• Oral
• Anal

10. MOTHER-TO-BABY
 Before Birth
 During Birth

11. NATURAL CAUSE OF HIV/AIDS

12. STAGE 1 - PRIMARY
 flu-like illness - occurs one
to six weeks after infection
 Mild symptoms
 Infected person can infect
other people

13. STAGE 2 - ASYMPTOMATIC
 Lasts for an average of ten years
 This stage is free from symptoms
 There may be swollen glands
 The level of HIV in the blood drops to low
levels
 HIV antibodies are detectable in the
blood

14. STAGE 3 - SYMPTOMATIC
The immune system
deteriorates
Opportunistic infections
and cancers start to
appear.

15. STAGE 4 - HIV  AIDS
 The immune system weakens
too much as CD4 cells
decrease in number.

16. TESTING OPTION FOR HIV
Blood Test
Urine Test
Oral Test

17. PRIMARY PREVENTION:
FIVE WAYS TO PROTECT YOURSELF?
Abstinence
Monogamous Relationship
Protected Sex
Sterile needles
New shaving/cutting blades

18. ABSTINENCE
It is the most effective
method of not acquiring
HIV/AIDS.
Refraining from unprotected
sex: oral, anal, or vaginal.
Refraining from intravenous
drug use

19. MONOGAMOUS RELATIONSHIP
A mutually monogamous
(only one sex partner)
relationship with a person
who is not infected with HIV
HIV testing before
intercourse is necessary to
prove your partner is not
infected

20. PROTECTED SEX
Use condoms every time you
have sex
Always use latex or
polyurethane condom (not a
natural skin condom)
Always use a latex barrier
during oral sex

21. WHEN USING A CONDOM REMEMBER TO:
 Make sure the package is not
expired
 Make sure to check the package
for damages
 Do not open the package with your
teeth for risk of tearing
 Never use the condom more than
once
 Use water-based rather than oilbased condoms

22. NEWLY INFECTED CASES OF HIV IN
VARIOUS REGIONS
Sub-Saharan Africa
18%
South/South-East Asia
6%
East Asia
5%
Latin America
Eurasia
North Africa/Middle East
4%
2%
Caribbean
1%
North America
1%
Western Europe
<1%
Oceania
<1%

23. WHAT WE CAN DO??
 We can reduce sexual transmission of HIV.
 We can prevent mothers from dying and babies
from becoming infected with HIV.
 We can ensure that people living with HIV
receive treatment.
 We can prevent people living with HIV from
dying of tuberculosis.
 We can protect drug users from becoming
infected with HIV.
 We can remove punitive
laws, policies, practices, stigma and
discrimination that
 block effective responses to AIDS.
 We can stop violence against women and girls.
 We can empower young people to protect
themselves from HIV.
 We can enhance social protection for people
affected by HIV.

24. LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS

25. Queries???

26. THANK YOU
MD ALI FURQUAN