1. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 221
Part 01 Pronunciation skills
Lesson 1.1
British English Vs. American English (words)
British American British American
Biscuit Cookie Flat Apartment
Lift Elevator Lorry Truck
Mobile phone Cell phone Crisps Chips
Café Diner Aerial Antenna
Barrister Lawyer Chemist Pharmacist
Concession Discount Current account Checking account
Dialing code Area code Engaged tone Busy signal
Fag Cigarette Indicator Turn signal
Limited (Ltd) Incorporated MD CEO
Pavement Sidewalk Ring Call
Rubbish Garbage Torch Flashlight
Patrol Gasoline Zed Zee
British English Vs. American English (words)
Word British American Word British American
Fast   Last  
Past   Vast  
Blast   Master  
News   Nuclear  
Water   Potter  
Better   Later  
Letter   Flutter  
Thirty   Potato  

2. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 222
Tongue Twister for fluency
Betty Botter had some butter,
“But” she said “this butter’s bitter,
If I back this bitter butter,
It would make my butter bitter.
But a bit of bitter butter
that would make my batter better
So she bought a bit of butter
And she backed it in her batter
And the batter was not bitter
So ‘twas better Betty Botter
Bought a bit of better butter.
Lesson 2.1
If there is ‘cial’ or ‘tial’ at the end of any words it will sound like//kj
No. Words/phrases Transcription No. Words/phrases Transcription
01. Official  09. Asocial (AmvgvwRK) 
02. Commercial  10. Facial tissue 
03. Artificial  11. Essential 
04. Crucial  12. Initial 
05. Special  13. Potential 
06. Financial  14. Confidential 
07. Judicial  15. Influential 
08. Social  16. Presidential 

3. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 223
Why contraction?
English is a swift language. Whenever a native speaker speaks rapidly he
pronounces content words strongly and structure words lightly. For this
structure words have a tendency to be contracted. It’s called Contraction
Example: - I am a student. In these sentence we, the non-native speakers
take pause after every words but a native speaker pronounce I, am, a,
together and say these three words just like one word. AvBgv (not AvB Gg G)
Importance: -
1. Contraction will make your speaking natural.
2. It will bring fluency in your speaking.
Contraction of be verb
I am I’m  I’m a doctor
We are We’re  We’re going there
You are You’re  You’re students
He is He’s  He’s trying to going there.
She is She’s  She’s is a good girl
They are They’re  They’re my mentors
It is It’s  It’s a phonetics book
What is What’s  What’s your father?
When is When’s  When’s he going there
Where is Where’s  Where’s the LODESTAR?
Why is Why’s  Why’s he doing this?
How is How’s  How’s the class?
Who is Who’s  Who’s the leader?
That is That’s  That’s not right
There is There’s  There’s a nice lecture sheet

4. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 224
Here is Here’s  Here’s the pencil
I will/shall I’ll  I’ll help you
We will We’ll  We’ll remember you
You will You’ll  You’ll be punctual
He will He’ll  He’ll do that for you
She will She’ll  She’ll go to LODESTAR
It will It’ll  It’ll be an NGO
They will They’ll  They’ll be studious
Who will Who’ll  Who’ll conduct the class?
How will How’ll  How’ll they do that?
What will What’ll  Do you know what’ll happen?
That will That’ll  That’ll Certainly happen
Where will Where’ll  Where’ll be the education fair?
Why will Why’ll  Why’ll you go there?
Is not Isn’t 
 Isn’t he doing that?
Are not Aren’t  They aren’t move a bite
Was not Wasn’t 
 I wasn’t prepare my study
Were not Weren’t  They weren’t present in the class
Will not Won’t  I won’t be home before midnight
Shall not Shan’t  I shan’t be going in the party
Contraction of Do verb
Do not Don’t  Don’t be impatient
Did not Didn’t  I didn’t pay the fee
Does not Doesn’t  He does not go home

5. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 225
Contraction of Have verb
I have I’ve  I’ve a computer
I had I’d  I’d done it before
We have We’ve  We’ve help the poor
We had We’d  We’d done whatever we can
You have You’ve  You’ve kept your word
You had You’d  You’d done the best
He has He’s  He’s tried to contact us
He had He’d  He’d Played tennis
She has She’s  She’s worn the new dress
She had She’d  She’d done the work
They have They’ve  They’ve come to visit our office
They had They’d  They’d counted all things
It has It’s  It’s covered everything
It had It’d 
 It’d been done duly
What has What’s  What’s happened?
What had What’d 
 What’d happened
Where has Where’s  Where’s the file
Where had Where’d  Where’d your bag
How has How’s  How’s manifested?
Who has Who’s  Who’s made the mistake?
Have not Haven’t 
 Haven’t finished my reading
Has not Hasn’t 
 It hasn’t rained for six days.
Had not Hadn’t  I hadn’t seem him

6. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 226
Contraction of Modals
I would I’d  I’d do that
We would We’d  We’d do whatever we can
You would You’d  You’d do your best
He would He’d  He’d like to play football
She would She’d  She’d done the work
It would It’d  It’d be better
They would They’d  They’d manage it
That would That’d  That’d be fine
What would What’d  What’d better?
Who would Who’d  Who’d be there to serve them?
Could have Could’ve  Nothing could’ve be better
Might have Might’ve  He might’ve done it alone
Should have Should’ve  I should’ve go home
Can not Can’t  Sorry, I can’t to the sum
Could not Couldn’t  He couldn’t arrive in time.
May not Mayn’t  It mayn’t rain today
Might not Mightn’t  It mightn’t happen
Would not Wouldn’t  I wouldn’t have said that
Should not Shouldn’t  I shouldn’t have said that
Must not Mustn’t  You mustn’t go there
Ought not Oughtn’t  You oughtn’t to have shouted at us
Need not Needn’t 
 You needn’t have done this
Dare not Daren’t  I daren’t do anything.

7. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 227
Part 02 Spoken Skills
Lesson 2.1
02. Non finite verbal phrases: At a glance
Step – 1 Fluency in non finite verbal phrases
No. Non finite Sentences
1. to do Ki‡Z/ Kiv
to go/to know/to be/to smoke etc.
I have come here to learn (wkL‡Z) English.
To take bribe (Nyl LvIqv) is a social crime.
2. doing Kwiqv
reaching home-
having a cup of tea-
going there-
learning English-
being happy/angry/fluent-
Doing the work, I will go there.
I will call you reaching home.
Wait, I am coming having a cup of tea.
I was surprised going there.
Being fluent in English, I got the promotion.
3. doing Ki‡Z I saw him crying (Kv`‡Z).
I saw him standing in front of TSC.
4. doing Ki‡Z Ki‡Z She came to me dancing (bvP‡Z bvP‡Z)
She talked with me smiling.
He entered the room speaking over mobile.
5. to do/ in order to do/
for doing Kivi Rb¨/ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨
for learning-
for being –
for understanding-
I have come here to learn English.
I have come here in order to learn English.
I have come here for learning English.
I have taken admission at LODESTAR for
being a fluent speaker.
6. By doing Kivi gva¨‡g/ Kivi Øviv /Kwiqv
by doing the course-
by helping the poor people-
I believe that you will be a fluent speaker by
doing this course.
7. Because of doing Kivi Kvi‡Y
because of coming late-
I couldn’t go there because of raining.
8. As a result of doing Kivi d‡j
as a result of working hard-
as a result of being patient-
as a result of getting the chance-
I became a fluent speaker as a result of
practising a lot.
He cut a very good figure in the exam as a
result of working hard.
9. At the time of doing Kivi mg‡q
at the time of studying-
You are not allowed to smoke at the time of
working.
10. While doing Kivi mg‡q Don’t disturb me while studying.
11. Before doing Kivi c~‡e© Think well before taking any decision.
12. After doing Kivi c‡i I will meet you after completing the work.
13. On the basis of doing Kivi wfwˇZ You will be given the job on the basis of

8. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 228
working hard.
14. On condition of doing Kivi k‡Z©/ Ki‡j You will be given the job on condition of
working hard.
15. In spite of doing/Despite doing Kiv
m‡Ë¡I
In spite of being rich-
In spite of having a lot of money-
In spite of working hard-
He is not happy at all in spite of being rich.
He is in trouble now in spite of having a lot of
money.
He couldn’t get a good score in the test in spite
of working hard.
16. For fear of doing Kivi f‡q
For fear of being sacked from the job-
For fear of being cheated-
For fear of being arrested-
He ran first for fear of getting wet by the rain.
He burst into tears for fear of being sacked
from the job.
I didn’t go there for fear of being cheated.
17. Without doing Kiv Qvov/ bv K‡i
without being qualified-
without being sure-
without investigating-
You cannot be a fluent speaker without
practicing a lot.
You shouldn’t apply for the job without being
qualified.
18. Besides doing Kiv QvovI I am involved in social work besides doing
business.

9. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 229
Part 03 Practical Session
LESSON -LAUGHTER
George Clooney
Information
Website:
http://www.twitter.com/fansoflaughing
http://www.FansOfLaughing.com
http://www.CollegeHumor.com
Miqdad Attamimi wrote at 10:38 am
when I being sad, I stop getting sad,
why?? Because laughing make me feel
better... So, lets started to laugh..... :D
Deborah Barnett (Fort Lauderdale, FL)
wrote at 8:15pm yesterday There is
nothing like the feeling you get from
endless laughing, sparked from almost nothing...the kind of laughing that makes your jaw
hurt....that make you start snorting....and for those woman in my age category...makes you
"pee in your pants"! Laughter is so good for the soul.
Activity 1: Write on George Clooney’s wall.
Do you enjoy comedy movie? What is the comedy movie you saw last and laughed a lot?
Write the name and its main casts on George Clooney’s wall.

10. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 230
Activity 2: Individual work
Scratch work for speaking:
 Think of any event that makes you
laugh?....................................................................
 Where did it
happen?......................................................................................................
 When did it
happen?......................................................................................................
 Who were the people associated with that
event?.........................................................
 Can u recall the event thoroughly?
………………………………………………………
 Was there anything embarrassing?
……………………………………………………….
 What caption or Heading would you give to this story if you have to name the
event? …
Activity 3: Individual work
The Day I laughed my heart out! : Speaking drill
Now speak for 2/3 minutes on the above event or story that you find very funny. Try to
give your best shot while narrating the story highlighting the comical substance to the
class.

11. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 231
Activity 4: Pair work
How do you feel?
Ask and answer the following questions:
Positive emotions:
When do you feel….
enthusiastic?
excited?
confident?
content?
delighted?
satisfied?
Negative emotions:
What makes you feel…………..:
stressed?
annoyed?
depressed?
worried?
upset?
Disgusted?

12. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 232
Activity 5: Group work
Storytelling and extending events
Work in groups with following topic and start a story which will be initiated by one
student and then carried forward by the rest of the members of the group. The last member
would need to end the story in a conclusive manner. Every group would be given 3 minute
to discuss the plot of the story and the sequence of story-telling among it’s members and 5
minutes to carry forward the story with a conclusive style and manner. In the event of the
story-telling the groups must use the above mentioned emotional attributes to narrate the
feelings and emotions of the characters. The winner will be adjudged on the basis of
maximum number of usages of the emotional attributes and expressions.
The leads of the stories are:
Story 1. Tommy: The Trouble Maker.
There was a little girl named Linda who used to live in small village of Yorkshire county.
She was shy and gentle. Everyone in the family used to love her. She was good at studies
and always finished her homework in time. The teachers liked her a lot too. Linda had a
poodle who she named as Tommy. Tommy was her best friend. But he was always
curious to try and find new things and places. This invited troubles for Linda at times and
she had to solve the problem all by herself so that her parents would not know about it.
One day, as Linda got up from bed she found Tommy was not in the house. She looked
for him in the backyard he was not there as well. She opened the gate and set out
to………………………….. (Carry on).
Story 2. The Friends Turned Foes
Rajib and Rana were good friends. They went to the same school from their childhood and
shared everything imaginable. They were the best of the friends.

13. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 233
Bithi came to the neighborhood recently. She did not know many people. Rana’s father
Mr. Habib and Bithi’s Dad Mr. Islam had worked in the same company before. That was
how they knew each other. Mr. Islam had been transferred by his employer to join the
company’s Dhaka office. Mr. Islam was confused where to take a house so that he can
move his family to Dhaka. So, he called his old colleague Mr. Habib and he was delighted
to know that there was a house on To-let in the same neighborhood where Mr. Habib
lived. Mr. Habib arranged everything and Mr. Islam moved in with his family to live in
the same neighborhood.
Rana and Rajib both found Bithi very friendly. She was pretty and could make fast
friends. She got her admission in Lake Tower School where Rana and Rajib were studying
as well. They all used to go together to School. One day Rana was sick and skipped
school. Rajib went with Bithi alone. Rajib wantedto say something to Bithi and was
looking for a scope to express what he had in his mind. Thatday……………….. (Carry
on)

14. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 234
Lesson 3.1
Environmental hazards
What to say How to say (key words)
 What sort of environmental hazards do you
notice in Dhaka city?
 What are the causes behind these problems?
 Suggest some solutions to these problems.
 air pollution, sound pollution, water
pollution........... etc.
 insencere act, insufficient government’s
monitoring, lack of responsibility....... etc.
 implementation of law, raising social
awareness........ etc.
Traveling
What to say How to say (key words)
 Do you travel?
 What do you like to do when you go to new places?
 Do you like to travel with your friends or family? Why?
 .........................................................
 .........................................................
 .........................................................
 .........................................................
Music
What to say How to say (key words)
 Do you like music?
 What sort of music do you like?
 Why do you like such music?
 What are the effects of music on our mind?
 ...............................................................
 ...............................................................
 ...............................................................
 ...............................................................
Parliamentary Debate
Village life is better than city life
Village life City life
 Fresh air, fresh foods
 Healthy environment
 Mutual cooperation
 Better education
 Better communication
 Job opportunities

15. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 235
Part 04 Additional study materials (Not for Class)
Lesson 4.1
1.1 Vocabulary chorus from flash card : (oral test)
No. Words/Expressions Pronunciation Meaning Translate into English (oral)
01. Trail (v.) †UªBj †U‡b wnP‡i †bqv Avgv‡K †U‡b wnP‡i Ni †_‡K †ei K‡i †`Iqv n‡qwQj|
02. Ample opportunity - cÖPzi my‡hvM-myweav †m cÖPzi my‡hvM-myweav †fvM Ki‡Q|
03. A narrow escape - A‡íi Rb¨ †eu‡P hvIqv Avgiv A‡íi Rb¨ gvivZ¥K `yN©Ubv †_‡K †eu‡P wM‡qwQjvg|
04. A white lie - Wvnv wg_¨v GwU GKwU Wvnv wg_¨v K_v Qvov Avi wKQzB bq|
05. Hasten (v.) - Zvovûov Kiv GZ Zvovûov KiQ †Kb?
Lesson 4.2
Expressions for better speaking
1.2 Vocabulary chorus from flash card : (oral test)
No. Words/Expressions Meaning Translate into English (oral)
01. I am quite sure that (Avwg wbwðZ †h)
02. So far I know that (Avwg hZ`~i Rvwb †h)
03. I mean to say that (Avwg †evSv‡Z Pvw”Q †h)
04. It is true that (GUv mwZ¨ †h)
05. It is false that (GUv wg_¨v †h)
06. I believe that (Avwg wek¦vm Kwi †h)
07. It is a matter of great regrets that (GUv AZ¨š— `yt‡Li welq †h)
08. It is clear to me that (GUv Avgvi Kv‡Q cwi¯‹vi †h)
09. It seems to me that (Avgvi g‡b nq †h)
10. It goes without saying that (GUv ejvi A‡c¶vB iv‡L bv †h)
11. The story goes that (GK_v cÖPwjZ †h)
Fluency in discourse markers
Any way hv †nvK Anyway, let’s drop that matter for a moment.
(hv †nvK, AvcvZZ †m e¨vcvi _vK|)
Anyway, I had better go now, I will see you tomorrow.
(hv †nvK, Avwg eis GLb hvB, AvMvgxKvj †`Lv
n‡e|)
Anyway, could you come tomorrow?
Anyway, let’s have a second thought.
As I was saying – hv ejwQjvg As I was saying, where will you go on Friday?
(hv ejwQjvg, ïµev‡i Zzwg †Kv_vq hv‡e?)
By the by I fvj K_v g‡b n‡q‡Q/
K_v cÖm‡½|
By the by, have you bought ticket?
Certainly wbðqB Certainly, I will be there in time.
If you ask me –
Avgvi g‡Z (Dc‡`k †`evi Av‡M)
If you ask me, if you see anything unusual you should call
the police. (Avgvi g‡Z, A¯^vfvweK wKQz †`L‡j cywjk‡K WvKv

16. LODESTAR INSTITUTE
Spoken & Pronunciation Course 236
DwPr|)
I mean – Avwg ej‡Z Pvw”Q Is it booked? I mean, may I sit here?
I see – eySjvg I see you are a doctor.
I think so – AvgviI I ZvB g‡b nq| He will come back home soon, I think so.
Probably/ perhaps- m¤¢eZ Perhaps, you are right.
I don’t think so – g‡b nq bv I don’t think so that he will come tomorrow.
I doubt it- Avgvi m‡›`n n‡”Q| I doubt it, she is very busy these days. B`vwbs
(Avgvi m‡›`n n‡”Q, B`vwbs wZwb LyeB e¨¯— Av‡Qb|)
I am afraid/ I am sorry
Avwg `ytwLZ|
I am afraid, I can’t help you.
(`ytwLZ Avwg Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cviwQbv|)
Let me see – GKUz †`LwQ| What’s his phone number?
Let me see, I have kept it here some where.
(GKUz †`LwQ, Avwg GLv‡b †Kv_vI †i‡LwQ|)
Mind it – mveavb Mind it, don’t forget to post my letter
Oh dear! – nvq Avj­vn, wK Avðh©! Oh dear! It’s 8 O’clock and you are in bed yet
Pardon? – Avcwb Kx ej‡jb? ev Avcbvi
K_v eyS‡Z cvijvg bv|
(N.B.: Pardon me American).
Sorry! - `ytwLZ ev Avgv‡K gvd Ki‡eb!
(wbgœMvgx Kɯ^i) (With a falling intonation)
Sorry! You can’t come in.
Sorry? Avcwb Kx ej‡jb?/ ev Avcbvi
K_v eyS‡Z cvijvg bv|
(With a rising intonation
DשMvgx Kɯ^i|)
Sorry? What did you say?
Sorry to interrupt-
K_vi gvSLv‡b K_v ejvi Rb¨ `ytwLZ
Sorry to interrupt, could I just ask you a question?
Avwg wK Avcbv‡K GKUv cÖkœ Ki‡Z cvwi?
Please yourself –
Avcwb hv fv‡jv g‡b K‡ib Zv K‡ib|
If you don’t like to come with us, please yourself.
Quite so! (to indicate agreement
m¤§wZ cÖKvkv‡_©)
Exactly so!/ Right!/ Right you
are !
That meeting was really boring H wgwUswU LyeB (weiw³Ki)
wQj|
Exactly so! I thought it would never end.
wVKB e‡j‡Qb| g‡b nw”Qj G †klB n‡e bv|
Oh heavens! Oh heavens! You didn’t do the work yet.
Well Well, you may go now.
Actually Actually, I didn’t know about it.
Basically Basically, he is a devil at bottom.
I guess I guess, you are in a wrong way.
Really Really, you know it.
Ok Ok, see you later.
So So, we are going to meet tomorrow.
You know You know, my father is a business man.