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Hist1302 Week 03
- 1. From Depression to Expansion 1893-1900 US History Survey Mini-Lectures 1865 to the Present
- 2. Week 3 Virtual Classroom Hard Times and Hard Struggles Mini-Lecture 1: The Depression of the 1890s; Workers on the March; Pullman: Solidarity; Defeat
- 3. The Depression of the 1890s
- 4. Coxey's Army Workers on the March
- 6. Pullman Palace Car Company Pullman: Solidarity and Defeat
- 7. Eugene V. Debs Pullman: Solidarity and Defeat
- 10. Does Fox News Promote Social Darwinism?
- 11. From Depression to Expansion 1893-1900 US History Survey 1865 to the Present
- 12. Week 3 Virtual Classroom The Populist Moment Mini-Lecture 2: The Farmers’ Alliance and the People’s Party
- 13. The Farmers’ Alliance and the People’s Party
- 17. William Jennings Bryan The Cross of Gold
- 19. William Jennings Bryan's Cross of Gold Speech
- 20. From Depression to Expansion 1893-1900 US History Survey 1865 to the Present
- 21. Week 3 Virtual Classroom Racism Institutionalized and Challenged Mini-Lecture 3: Jim Crow Segregation and the Black Response; The New Immigrants; Nativism and Immigration Restriction
- 22. Ida B. WellsBarnett Jim Crow Segregation and the Black Response
- 29. Nativism and Immigration Restriction
- 32. Full Program at C-SPAN Archive After Words with Mia Bay
- 33. Try the C-SPAN Archive
- 34. From Depression to Expansion 1893-1900 US History Survey 1865 to the Present
- 35. Week 3 Virtual Classroom Territorial and Economic Expansion Mini-Lecture 4: The Ideology of Expansion; The Spanish-Cuban-American War
- 36. The Ideology of Expansion
- 42. The Rough Riders by Teddy Roosevelt
- 43. Rough Riders - Charging Kettle Hill
- 44. From Depression to Expansion 1893-1900 US History Survey 1865 to the Present
- 45. Week 3 Virtual Classroom Territorial and Economic Expansion Mini-Lecture 5: An Overseas Empire
- 46. An Overseas Empire in the Philippines
- 49. An Overseas Empire: Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism
- 51. An Overseas Empire: Pursuing “Manifest Destiny” in Asia
- 52. The Lure of Empire: America Debates Imperialism (clip)
- 53. "The White Man's Burden" by Rudyard Kipping (1899)
- 54. “The White Man’s Burden” (1899): Kipling’s Hymn to U.S. Imperialism Take up the White Man’s burden — Send forth the best ye breed— Go send your sons to exile To serve your captives' need To wait in heavy harness On fluttered folk and wild— Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half devil and half child Take up the White Man’s burden In patience to abide To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple An hundred times made plain To seek another’s profit And work another’s gain
- 55. “The White Man’s Burden” (1899): Kipling’s Hymn to U.S. Imperialism Take up the White Man’s burden — And reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better The hate of those ye guard— The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah slowly) to the light: "Why brought ye us from bondage, “Our loved Egyptian night?” Take up the White Man’s burdenHave done with childish daysThe lightly proffered laurel, The easy, ungrudged praise. Comes now, to search your manhood Through all the thankless years, Cold-edged with dear-bought wisdom, The judgment of your peers!
- 56. Visit the Internet Archive, Listen to the Audio
- 57. From Depression to Expansion 1893-1900 US History Survey 1865 to the Present
- 58. Week 3 Virtual Classroom Territorial and Economic Expansion Mini-Lecture 6: Organized Labor in a Time of Recovery; Business on the Rebound
- 59. Organized Labor in a Time of Recovery
Notas del editor
- Pause and count to 5
- In the week 3 virtual classroom we focus on ... For this mini-lecture our topics will be ...
- On May 1, 1893, in the city of Chicago, the World’s Columbia Exposition opened to throngs of anxious visitors. Your text points out that looking back on this fair we can see irony on many levels. It was a ”marble city” made of paper mache. I was a display of pomp in the midst poverty. Absent from the grand halls displaying the inventions and curiosities of the day was any discussion of the role of Industrial Workers and Farmers. As the visitors walked amongst the exhibits at the World's Fair, the country was headed into the 5th Major Depression in US history. Beginning with bankruptcies of the Railroad and Rope Manufacturers’ that set off a panic, the United States was entering a downward economic spiral in which great human suffering would ensue. Your text features stories of the suffering of individuals in this depression. One entitles “We are starving to death” – provides a first hand narrative of the Depression in Kansas. Stories of Individual Suffering are set against a backdrop of Social Darwinism according to which giving Charity to the less fortunate was contrary to nature and at worst part of the onset of Socialism.
- Workers were far from passive in the depression that set in in 1893. One example of activism is Jacob Coxy, who assembled a group of out of work men into an industrial army and marched on Washington in 1884. Coxey's Army arrived in the nation's capital with less than 500 men, who were met By 1,500 Federal Troops. Coxey was arrested for “Walking on the Lawn.” Attorney General Richard C. Olney proceeded to mount an unprecedented assault on labor. Pointers to more information about ... can be found on the wikipedia site.
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ...
- The Pullman Palace Car Company operated in the Model Company Town of Pullman, IL. where workers worked in the Pullman factory, lived in Pullman houses, shopped at the company store and educated their children at company schools. When demand lagged for the Pullman Palace Cars, workers went on strike to protect their wages. George Pullman, the company's owner, fired workers and cut wages further to save costs. On May 11, 1894 the workers walked off the job. Pointers to more information about ... can be found on the wikipedia site.
- In solidarity with the Pullman workers, on June 26 a boycott led by the American Railway Union brought Eugene V. Debs to the attention of the nation. Although it was Class-Based All White Union, and did not include the African American Porters or Women workers, the ARU's support was critical. And railways across the nation were at a standstill. Railway Owners Appeal to the Sympathetic US AG and the US Army Arrived on 4th of July in Chicago. Violence Erupts in 26 States. Debs and others were arrested. By July 11th 34 people had died. With the support of the US Army, the strike was eventually broken. The case of Debs went to the Supreme Court, which ruled In Re Debs that the national boycott and strike were illegal “Conspiracies in Restraint of Trade.” Pointers to more information about ... can be found on the wikipedia site.
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ...
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ...
- YouTube has from time to time hosted useful resources on ... This clip from Fox News is one such example. Arguing that the government should not help out bankrupt homeowners in the crash of the early 21st Century, the speakers in this clip echo themes of Social Darwinism from the late 19th century. Fox News Clip http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4Jn4NxQd6w
- Pause and count to 5
- In the week 3 virtual classroom we focus on the The Populist Moment For this mini-lecture our topics will be The Farmers’ Alliance and the People’s Party. As part of this discussion we will cover: The Omaha Platform; The Cross of Gold; People’s Party in the Mould of the KoL; and William Jennings Bryan vs. William McKinley
- The Farmers’ Alliance Began in Texas in the 1870s, it grew out of the Grangers and Cooperatives who struggled against “Furnishing Merchants" who charged money to store the farmers' grain until it could be sold. Instead, the alliance built cooperative storage facilities, cutting out the middle men. Although most leaders of the Farmers' Alliance were men, there were also fiery women who traveled the speaking circuit and organized the movement. One such woman was Mary Elizabeth Lease. Her condemnation of “A system which clothes rascals in robes and honesty in rags” is available in your text. Betty Munn Gay, another leader in Farmers’ Alliance, was both a member of the Baptist Church and Socialist Party. Movement Culture was inclusive to a point. Racism Persisted. A color line separated white from black, and Anti-Semitism was alive and well in the Alliance. A key element of the Farmer's Alliance political platform was tCharles Macune’s Subtreasury System which disempowered private banks by calling for Federal Role in Banking and Credit System.
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ...
- in July 1892 in Omaha, Nebraska at Populist Party Convention, delegates voted to approve a party platform for the New Populist Party that had grown out of the Farmers' Alliance. Known as the Omaha Platform after the party convention's location, it called for Government Involvement to Address Nation’s Ills. In addition to the Macune Subtreasury system, it called for the coinage of Silver Money; Government Ownership of Railroads and Telegraphs; Graduated Income Tax; and an Eight Hour Work Day. Populist candidates won election in many states and in the 1892 election ran James Weaver as a candidate for the Presidency.
- Let me draw your attention to this map from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ...
- In 1893, the AFL adopted a platform that was explicitly Socialist while the Republicans appealed to Protectionism as the Key to “Full Dinner Pail.” What of the Democrats? In 1896, the Democratic Party moved further to the left when they adopted a “Free Silver” Plank in their party Platform. On the left was silver and an Inflationary monetary policy that favored borrowers by making it easier to pay back depts. On the right was “Sound Money,” gold backed currency and a tighter money supply that favored creditors. When in 1895, President Cleveland Replenishes Gold Supply, the populist William Jennings Bryan moved to the center of the national political stage bringing the Populist plank of free silver (among other Populist ideas) to the Democratic Party. In the election of 18986, William McKinley -- the Republican candidate for President -- Called For High Protective Tarif and Immigration Restrictions. Election Results in 1896 left McKinley the victor and put Republicans in White House, where they would stay until 1932. Additional resources on William Jennings Bryan and William McKinley can be found on the wikipedia site.
- Let me draw your attention to this map from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ...
- YouTube has from time to time hosted useful resources on ... This ... is one such example. Reading of Cross of Gold Speech by William Jennings Bryan http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HeTkT5-w5RA
- Pause and count to 5
- In the week 3 virtual classroom we focus on ... For this mini-lecture our topics will be ...
- As the later career of Populist VP Candidate Tom Watson demonstrated, the defeat of the Populist agenda at the polls did nothing to stem the Racism and Anti-Immigrant tendencies of men like Watson. In fact, the true virulence of his racism came out much more strongly after the defeat at the polls. Across the South, states moved from de facto to de jure segregation, making what was once customary into law. In 1896 the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy vs. Ferguson, that “Separate But Equal” accommodations for African Americans were legal. Along with Plessy there was a Growth of Jim Crow System, a system of legally mandated segregation. Violence against African Americans continued and grew as the chart of 80 Years of Lynchings in your book shows. Ida B. Wells-Barnett, the courageous newspaper editor and public speaker campaigned for anti-lynching legislation at the federal level. Pointers to additional resources on Ida B. Wells-Barnett are available on the Wikipedia site.
- Let me draw your attention to this chart from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... Chart of 80 Years of Lynching Black Justice of the Peace Map of Disfranchisement - Use of “Literacy Tests” and Poll Taxes
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... Chart of 80 Years of Lynching Black Justice of the Peace Map of Disfranchisement - Use of “Literacy Tests” and Poll Taxes
- Let me draw your attention to this map from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... Chart of 80 Years of Lynching Black Justice of the Peace Map of Disfranchisement - Use of “Literacy Tests” and Poll Taxes
- For the new wave of Slavic and Italian Immigrants, Linguistic Bonds created communities in which Skills from the old world could be fitted to the new. Economic and Political Pressures coalesced in these challenging times, as the new immigrants encountered the same biases as the older Irish wave of immigrants had. Having Fled Religious Persecution in Eastern Europe, Jews Faced Anti-Semitism in the United States. WASP (White Anglo-Saxon Protestant) groups banded together to further marginalize these new groups. As the images of Mug Shots and Arrest Record on the following slides demonstrate, the modern Faith in Data and Science was tinged with a good deal of racism.
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... (Alphonse Bertillon and “Innate Criminality”)
- Let me draw your attention to this document from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ...
- Fruits of the nativist political agitation in the Gilded Era included the 1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act. Motivated by the Perceived Threat of “Foreign Radicals,” businesses also clamped down on worker organizing, resorting to the blacklist and the scab. Opened in Jan. 1, 1892 – Ellis Island required Medical Inspections for Steerage Passengers, whereas cursory inspections would suffice for those in first class passage. Nativist Political Organizations like the American Protective Association (APA), established in 1887, Organized to Drive Irish Catholics out of America. The Immigration Restriction League of 1893 took a Class-based Approach to the exclusion of foreigners. In support of these objectives, the 1896 Republican Platform included Immigration Restrictions and Literacy Tests.
- Let me draw your attention to this document from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... Charting the “Undesirable Race” – Immigration Restriction League and “Less Desirable Races of Southern and Eastern Europe” Illustration of an Italian Strike Breaker – At Bay
- Let me draw your attention to this document from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... Charting the “Undesirable Race” – Immigration Restriction League and “Less Desirable Races of Southern and Eastern Europe” Illustration of an Italian Strike Breaker – At Bay
- YouTube has from time to time hosted useful resources on ... This ... is one such example. Clip also available from YouTube at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUpWpOnDUqs Book TV: After Words with Mia Bay "To Tell the Truth Freely" and Elsa Barkley Brown
- Pause and count to 5
- In the week 3 virtual classroom we focus on ... For this mini-lecture our topics will be ...
- Returning to the 1893 World's Fair, recall that the "End of the Frontier" was the theme of Frederick Jackson Turner's essay. The Frontier, “Empty” and “Uncivilized,” had been the outlet for American expansion until the late 19th Century. The solution to problems at home lay overseas. It would be possible, theorized the expansionists to “Export the Social Question.” Men like Albert J. Beveridge pointed to the need to Look Abroad for Markets. As your text points out this desire to expand could also lead to militaristic impulses called “Jignoism,” in reference to a popular contemporary British tune. In this context the meaning of Patriotism changed, exchanging the pursuit of the collective good with the Cult of the American Flag. It is at this time that the United States would begin Competing with European Colonialists. We will continue to explore the Economic, Racial, Gender Aspects of these developments.
- Those who sought expansion got their chance in 1898 with the initiation of hostilities between the United States and Spain over Cuba. In this “Splendid Little War,” as Secretary of State John Hay called it, Cuban Guerrilla’s Seeking American Support Against Spain had already weakened the small Spanish presence when America jointed the fight. The Hearst and Pulitzer Papers whipped up frenzy over imagined Spanish atrocities in a practice that would be known as “Yellow Journalism,” after cartoonist Richard Outcault’s Yellow Kid. Illustration of Search of a Cuban Woman by Spanish Agents “The Spanish Brute Adds Mutilation to Murder” On Feb 15, 1898, 266 American Sailors were killed Killed Protecting American Citizens and Property in Cuba. The explosion of the ship, immediately linked with no proof by the press to Spanish evil doing, brought the US into a war with Spain under the battle cry of "Remember the Main." Hostilities would extend from Cuba to another contested Spanish possession -- the Philippines.
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... Illustration of Search of a Cuban Woman by Spanish Agents “The Spanish Brute Adds Mutilation to Murder”
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... Illustration of Search of a Cuban Woman by Spanish Agents “The Spanish Brute Adds Mutilation to Murder”
- In the Philippines, Quick Victory Without Casualties At First Team Up With Philippine Nationalist Emilio Aguinaldo in Securing Philippine Independence Let me draw your attention to this map from your text labelled ... your text notes that ...
- In Cuba, 10 weeks of war. 10,000 Black Soldiers Served Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders” Kettle Hill vs. San Juan Hill Reading on “A Perfect Hailstorm of Bullets” Let me draw your attention to this map from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ...
- YouTube has from time to time hosted useful resources on ... This ... is one such example.
- Pause and count to 5
- In the week 3 virtual classroom we focus on ... For this mini-lecture our topics will be ...
- As the 19th Century drew to a close, the emerging American empire encompassed Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam and Hawaii. After cessation of hostilities with the Spanish in the Philippines, President McKinley refused to Recognize Aguinaldo’s Declaration of Independence. They were not ready for self-rule, so McKinley thought. The US would continue to exercise control over the Philippines with the Objective of education, uplift, and Christianizing the already predominantly Catholic Philippines. Famously memorialized in the 1899 by Rudyard Kipling as "The White Man's Burden," the burden would fall predominantly on the occupied Philippines. Between 1899 and 1902, somewhere between 16-20,000 Philippinos Died as a result of the ensuing conflict.
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... What Can We Learn About Connections Between Racism in the Philippines and At Home – Illustration of “Civilization Begins at Home”? In the Army P. 165 Soldiers Writing Home on the Insurgency
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... When You Look at the Picture on the Following Slide, Read the Selection on Life in the American Army (P. 164 Soldiers Writing Home on the Insurgency) What Do These Letters Tell Us About the Experience of Soldiers in Putting Down the Philippine Insurgency?
- The enthusiasm for expansion was met with the protest of the Anti-Imperialist League. With members like Mark Twain, Grover Cleveland, Andrew Carnegie, Jane Addams, and Samuel Gompers, the League pointed to a myriad of problems that would befall an imperial america. They argued that the US should resist the Lure of Empire. These debates would rage in America for the next century and even continue today.
- Let me draw your attention to this map from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... Global Nature of Imperialism – Map of the World in 1900
- Focusing on the China Market, in the 1899 Sec of State John Hay issued the Open Door Notes in which sought to convince European powers to allow for American expansion in East Asia where they already held sway. The 1900 Boxer Rebellion, in which US military intervention was critical to assisting European interests, opened Europeans to this idea of allowing a place at the imperial table for the Americans. Teddy Roosevelt becomes President in (1901) after the assassination of William McKinley and rapidly inaugurated a policy of "Big Stick" Diplomacy in Latin America. Announcing a Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine (1823) he used the Platt Amendment to secure permanent Naval Bases in Cuba (1901), and the US is still in Guantanamo Bay to this day. Panamanian Independence, engineered with American support in 1903, opened the way for the construction of the Panama Canal, which opened in 1914. American interventions in Nicaragua, Haiti and throughout the Caribbean to prop up governments who were favorable to US business interests became the order of the day.
- I encourage you to use the Reading at Archive.org to familiarize yourself with Rudyard Kipling's poem. http://www.archive.org/details/ReadingOfRudyardKiplingTheWhiteMansBurden
- Here are the words to the poem.
- It continues in the same vein.
- You can search for and find the audio version at archive.com
- Pause and count to 5
- In the week 3 virtual classroom we focus on ... For this mini-lecture our topics will be ...
- The currency question receded from center stage with the 1896 Gold Discoveries in Yukon Territory and Southern Africa. For the time, this settled the Silver Issue. From 1897-1904 Union Membership Quadrupled, rallying around a Resurgence of Craft Unionism in AFL, Skilled Male Workers Excluded the Less-Skilled, New Immigrants, African Americans and Women. Another trend which corresponded with the business rebound was "Business Unionism." Employers attempted To Control Unionization by establishing company sanctioned, or industry sponsored, union. August Belmont and J.P. Morgan's for National Civic Federation and the National Association of Manufacturer's pushed for the "Open Shop" barring unions from requiring membership as a precondition of work. We will conclude this week's mini-lecture series with a consideration of two charts and three illustrations from your text to better understand the nature of the business recovery and its impact on the relationship between business and organized labor.
- Focusing on Overseas Markets, Export-Import Business (Foreign Trade) -- Does It Work? What Pattern Was Displayed by US Exports & Imports 1880-1930? What Happened in 1914 That Might Have Affected This Trend? Let me draw your attention to this chart from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ...
- Factories Becoming Larger and More Efficient 1901 Formation of U.S. Steel Trust 150 Companies Combined in the Trust $1 Billion Capitalization Merger Mania - What Happened With US Mergers 1893 – 1897? Let me draw your attention to this chart from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ...
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... What Can We Learn About "Little Guy" in American Business From the Illustration of “Alphabet of Joyous Trusts”?
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... What Can We Learn About "Little Guy" in American Business From the Illustration of “Alphabet of Joyous Trusts”?
- Let me draw your attention to this image from your text labelled ... your text notes that ... What does this say about ... What Does the 1902 Illustration “The Labor Question and Its Solution” Tell About British vs. American Relations Between Management and Workers? (The British is on the Left, The American on the Right)