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différence de concentration
A B A B
différence de potentiel
-+
A B
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + + +
A B
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
Diffusion
Gradient de Pression Hydrostatique
A B
Surpression
A B
Dépression
Contre un gradient
de concentration
A B
Contre un gradient
électrique
+ -
A B
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
Transfert actif
Osmose et pression osmotique
Solution de NaCl
Eau distillée
Membrane perméable
à l ’eau seule
Pression Hydrostatiqueh
Diffusion de
l ’eau seule
P = pression nécessaire pour s ’opposer à l ’osmose
= Pression osmotique
P
Osmose : processus de diffusion nette d’eau
résultant d’une différence de concentration de part
et d’autre d’une membrane semi-perméable
Solution de NaCl
Eau distillée
Membrane perméable
à l ’eau et NaCl
(eau > NaCl)
Eau NaCl
Diffusion de
l ’eau par
osmose et du
NaCl par
différence de
concentration
Equilibre des
concentration et
des niveaux
Ca++ ,HCO3-
DIALYSEUR
Solution de dialyse
fraîche
Solution de dialyse
usagée
POMPE
POMPE
Urée, Créatinine
Le pouvoir osmotique d'une solution dépend de la
concentration MOLAIRE des substances dissoutes
(et non concentration pondérale).
DONC, deux solutions de concentration pondérale
différentes peuvent avoir le même pouvoir osmotique
Mole = masse (g)
Poids moléculaire
180 g de glucose (PM = 180) = 1 Mole de glucose
60 g urée (PM = 60) = 1 Mole urée
 Transfert d ’eau NET entre les 2 compartiments nul
A = solution de glucose à 180 g/L
B = solution d ’urée à 60 g/L
A B
Membrane
perméable à
l ’eau seule
1 Mole de NaCl
1 Mole de Na+
+ 1 Mole de Cl-
1 Mole de CaCl2
1 Mole de Ca++
+ 1 Mole de Cl-
+ 1 Mole de Cl-
2M
3M
DONC, à même concentration MOLAIRE,une solution
électrolytique a un pouvoir osmotique supérieur à
une solution non électrolytique
Le pouvoir osmotique d'une solution dépend de la
concentration MOLAIRE des substances dissoutes
1 Mole de glucose 1 Mole de glucose 1M
En solution dans l ’eau :
L ’osmolarité  (pression  osmotique)  d ’une  solution 
est  égale  à  la  somme  de  la  concentration  molaire 
des différents solutés
mMol/L mOsm/L
Na 140 140
K 4 4
Cl 105 105
Glucose 5 5
…… …… ……
Total 290 290
Concentration
1 mMol
Osmolarité
1 mOsm
Pression osmotique
19 mmHg
Exemple : composition du plasma
PRESSION
OSMOTIQUE
( POsm = 19 mmHg ) 
PRESSION
ONCOTIQUE
( POnc = 19 + 9 = 28mmHg) 
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
A        B 
A = eau pure 
B = eau pure + protéines
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
A        B 
A = solution NaCl 
B = solution NaCl + protéines
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
A        B 
Pression osmotique et pression oncotique
II. Volume des compartiments
 Eau corporelle totale
60% poids du corps
(50-70%)
60 %
                  2/3                           1/3
40% 20%
eau intracellulaire eau extracellulaire
1 % 4 % 15 %
eau transcellulaire plasma liquide interstitiel
lymphe
20% 80%

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1 diffusion

  • 1. différence de concentration A B A B différence de potentiel -+ A B + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + A B + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Diffusion
  • 2. Gradient de Pression Hydrostatique A B Surpression A B Dépression
  • 3. Contre un gradient de concentration A B Contre un gradient électrique + - A B + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Transfert actif
  • 4. Osmose et pression osmotique Solution de NaCl Eau distillée Membrane perméable à l ’eau seule Pression Hydrostatiqueh Diffusion de l ’eau seule P = pression nécessaire pour s ’opposer à l ’osmose = Pression osmotique P Osmose : processus de diffusion nette d’eau résultant d’une différence de concentration de part et d’autre d’une membrane semi-perméable
  • 5. Solution de NaCl Eau distillée Membrane perméable à l ’eau et NaCl (eau > NaCl) Eau NaCl Diffusion de l ’eau par osmose et du NaCl par différence de concentration Equilibre des concentration et des niveaux
  • 6. Ca++ ,HCO3- DIALYSEUR Solution de dialyse fraîche Solution de dialyse usagée POMPE POMPE Urée, Créatinine
  • 7.
  • 8. Le pouvoir osmotique d'une solution dépend de la concentration MOLAIRE des substances dissoutes (et non concentration pondérale). DONC, deux solutions de concentration pondérale différentes peuvent avoir le même pouvoir osmotique Mole = masse (g) Poids moléculaire 180 g de glucose (PM = 180) = 1 Mole de glucose 60 g urée (PM = 60) = 1 Mole urée  Transfert d ’eau NET entre les 2 compartiments nul A = solution de glucose à 180 g/L B = solution d ’urée à 60 g/L A B Membrane perméable à l ’eau seule
  • 9. 1 Mole de NaCl 1 Mole de Na+ + 1 Mole de Cl- 1 Mole de CaCl2 1 Mole de Ca++ + 1 Mole de Cl- + 1 Mole de Cl- 2M 3M DONC, à même concentration MOLAIRE,une solution électrolytique a un pouvoir osmotique supérieur à une solution non électrolytique Le pouvoir osmotique d'une solution dépend de la concentration MOLAIRE des substances dissoutes 1 Mole de glucose 1 Mole de glucose 1M En solution dans l ’eau :
  • 10. L ’osmolarité  (pression  osmotique)  d ’une  solution  est  égale  à  la  somme  de  la  concentration  molaire  des différents solutés mMol/L mOsm/L Na 140 140 K 4 4 Cl 105 105 Glucose 5 5 …… …… …… Total 290 290 Concentration 1 mMol Osmolarité 1 mOsm Pression osmotique 19 mmHg Exemple : composition du plasma
  • 11. PRESSION OSMOTIQUE ( POsm = 19 mmHg )  PRESSION ONCOTIQUE ( POnc = 19 + 9 = 28mmHg)  • • • • • • • • • • • • A        B  A = eau pure  B = eau pure + protéines • • • • • • • • • • • • A        B  A = solution NaCl  B = solution NaCl + protéines • • • • • • • • • • • • A        B  Pression osmotique et pression oncotique
  • 12. II. Volume des compartiments  Eau corporelle totale 60% poids du corps (50-70%) 60 %                   2/3                           1/3 40% 20% eau intracellulaire eau extracellulaire 1 % 4 % 15 % eau transcellulaire plasma liquide interstitiel lymphe 20% 80%