2. The word photography came
from two Greek words that
mean "writing with light." The
first time the word
"photography" was used was
in 1839, the year the invention
of the photographic process
was made public, by Sir John
Herschel
3. CAMERA OBSCURA
Go in the a dark room on a bright day, make a hole
in the window cover and the outside is projected
inside but its upside down the picture is in full colour.
Its explained by some laws of physics, light travels in
a straight line when some of the rays reflected from Camera = Latin for
a bright subject pass through a small hole in thin “room”
material they do not scatter but cross and reform as Obscura = Latin
an upside down image on a flat surface held parallel for “dark”
to the hole. This law of optics was known in ancient
times.
4. About 2,400 years ago (4th Century B.C.) the
famous philosopher Aristotle talked about a
pinhole image formation in his work. He
wondered why "when light shines through a
rectangular peep-hole, it appears circular in
the form of a cone?" He didn't find an answer
to his question and the problem wasn't
answered until about 2,000 years later in the
1500s.
5. The earliest mention of the camera obscura was in 5th century BC by a
Chinese philosopher Mo-Ti. He recorded this creation of an inverted image
formed by rays of light passing through a pinhole vin a dark room he
called this darken room a "collecting place" or the "locked treasure room."
In 1490 Leonardo Da Vinci gave two descriptions of the camera obscura in
his notebooks. Many of the first camera obscuras were large rooms like
that illustrated by the Dutch scientist Reinerus Gemma-Frisius in 1544 for
use in observing a solar eclipse.
6. This is the French inventor Nicephore Niepce was born in 1765,
he was fascinated by lithography but unskilled at drawing. He
sought out away to take images of nature, in 1826-27 he
captured an image from his workroom window using light
sensitive chemicals on a piece of metal This was the first
permanent photograph. He kept his process a secret until 1829,
when he partnered with Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre.
7. THE FIRST PHOTOGRAPH
On a summer day in 1827, Nicephore Niepce made the first photographic image
with a camera obscura. Prior to Niepce people just used the camera obscura for
viewing or drawing purposes not for making photographs. Joseph Nicephore
Niepce's heliographs or sun prints as they were called were the prototype for the
modern photograph, by letting light draw the picture. Niepce placed an
engraving onto a metal plate coated in bitumen, and then exposed it to light.
When he placed the metal plate in a solvent eventually an image ,before then
invisible, appeared. However, his photograph took eight hours of light exposure
to create and after appearing would soon fade away.
9. 1834
Henry talbot creates permanent negative image using paper
soaked in silver chloride and fixed with a salt solution. Talbot
created positive images by contact printing onto another sheet of
paper.
10. DAGUERREOTYPE
Louis Daguerre, a French artist and scenic painter. Daguerre had
This is another began experimenting with ways of fixing the images formed by the
French inventor camera obscura around 1824, in 1829 he made a partnership with
Louis Daguerre Niepce. After the death of his partner he continued to experiment
he worked with with copper plates coated with silver iodide to produce direct
Nicephore positive pictures. he discovered the latent image on an exposed
Niepce before
plate could be "developed" with the fumes from warmed mercury.
he died. Louis
The use of mercury vapour meant that photographic images could
was born in
1787 and died be produced in twenty to thirty minutes rather than hours. In 1837,
in 1851 he was Daguerre found a way of "fixing" the photographic images with a
born in solution of common salt. Two years later, he got a suggestion from
Cormeilles, Sir John Herschel and used thiosulphate of soda as the fixing agent
France
13. 1851
Fredrick scott archer, a sculptor in london, improves photography
resolution by spreading a mixture of collodion and chemicals on
sheets of glass. Wet plate collodion photography was much
cheaper than daguerreotypes the negative/ positive process
permitted unlimited reproductions.
14. 1855-57
Direct positive images on glass (ambortypes) and metal (tintypes
or ferrotypes) were popular in the us 3 million tintypes produced
in the mid 1800s.
15. 1861
Scottish physicist James Maxwell demonstrates a colour photo
system which included 3 black and white photos each taken
through a green, blue and red filter. The photos were turned into
lantern slides and projected in the same colour filter.
16. 1871
An English doctor, Richard Maddox, proposes the use of emulsion
of gelatin and silver bromide on a glass plate (the dry plate)
17. 1877
Eadweard Muybridge who was born in England then moved to America.
He began as a landscape photographer acquiring a suitable reputation.
He was then requested by the former governor of California he began to
take photos of horses to see how they moved. His early work required for
him to take a picture at precisely the right time, however in 1878 he
conducted an experiment to take a sequence of images in quick
succession .
18.
19. KODAK
In 1888 George Eastman invented dry, transparent and
flexible, photographic film (or rolled photography film) and
the kodak cameras could use the new film. He wanted to
make it so anyone could take a picture not just trained
photographers. In 1883 he announced the invention of
photographic film in rolls. The camera came with 100
exposures and once they were used people would send the
cameras with the rolls back to the factory in new York
where the photos would be developed then sent back to the
person with a new roll as well.
20. EARLY 35MM CAMERAS.
The first patent for one was given to Leo, Audobard and Baradat in england in 1908.
the first full scale production camera was the homeos (a stereo camera) produced by
jules richard in 1903. it took stereo pairs 18x24 with 2 tessar lenses it was sold until
1920.
The first 35mm big seller was the American Tourist Multiple, also appearing in 1913,
this camera cost $175 in 1913 (which by todays standards is the equal of $3000 lecia)it
took either 800 half frame or 400 full frame shots on 50ft rolls.
21. INSTANT CAMERA
An instant camera is a type of camera that generates a
developed film image. The most popular types to use self
developing film formerly made by polaroid corporation.
These were invented by a lot of people but the credit goes
to an American scientist Edwin Land, who unveiled the
first commercial instant camera the land camera. In
February 2008, polaroid announced it would discontinue
produce of film and shut down 3 factories.
22. The first true digital camera that recorded images as a
computerized file was most likely the Fuji DS-1P of 1988 which
recorded to a 16 MB memory card that used a battery to keep
the data in memory.( this camera was never marketed in the US
and hasn’t been confirmed to have shipped to japan.)
