Gis

What is GIS? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GIS: a formal definition ,[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object]

Why is GIS unique? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GIS concepts are not new! ,[object Object],Cholera death Water pump Soho +

GIS: historical background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 2 3 ATTRIB ID X,Y 1 2 3 ID 1 2 3 CAD System Data Base Management System

Digital Mapping Photo- grammetry Computer Aided Design Surveying Remote Sensing Databases GIS Cross-disciplinary nature of GIS

GIS components Specific applications / decision making objectives ? G I S Spatial data Computer hardware / software tools

What makes data spatial? Placename Grid co-ordinate Postcode Distance & bearing Description Latitude / Longitude

Characteristics of spatial data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Characteristics of spatial data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Characteristics of spatial data ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Spatial Data: examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data Modelling - step 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Data Modelling - step 2 Point Line Polygon

Data Modelling - step 3 Feature : Building Object: Polygon Entity: Tourist Information Bureau

Attributes Name : Next Address: 5 Market Place Town: Kingston Owner: Ms J Shore Tel. No: 0181 547 1245 Floor space 1300 sq m

Spatial data storage ,[object Object],[object Object],as geometric objects: points, lines, polygons as image files composed of grid-cells (pixels)

Spatial data storage model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Vector data model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Raster data model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Modelling the real world 1 1 20 50 1 2 24 45 1 3 52 55 2 1 0 45 46 40 ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 1 ... x y

Manipulation and analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Databases & GIS ,[object Object],[object Object],Linked database table Spatial data SQL Query Manager MapInfo

Geo-relational Data Models ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GIS & Analysis In the context of GIS, analysis is... “ Deriving new information from existing data” It is also the manipulation of data to solve a problem e.g. identify all areas within 500m of a lake Increasing use is made of the analytical capabilities of GIS, BUT many GIS projects only use the software to store and manage geographical data Yet analysis often relies on many simple basic GIS techniques

Simple Query ,[object Object],MapInfo

Buffering ,[object Object],[object Object],MapInfo

Cookie Cutting ,[object Object],MapInfo

Overlays ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The benefits of GIS include: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

GIS Applications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Gis

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