1. 1 Presented at the Conference on Climate Change organized by the Kalikasan-People’s Network for the Environment on April 20-21, 2009 at the Blai Kalinaw. 2 Klima/Manila Observatory Climate Change and Its Impacts on Agriculture 1 by: Lourdes V. Tibig 2

8. How have the earth’s surface temperature changed? Variations of Earth’s surface temperature for the past 140 years 1900 2000 2100 PROJECTED TEMPERATURE CHANGE Warming in the last 50 years is UNUSUAL in the last 1300 years

12. What is happening in the Philippines?

13. An increase of 0.6104°C from 1951-2006 Observed Mean Annual Mean Temperature Anomalies in the Philippines Period: 1951-2006 (departures from the 1961-1990 normal values)

14. An increase of 0.3472°C from 1951-2006 Observed Mean Annual Maximum Temperature Anomalies in the Philippines Period: 1951-2006 (departures from the 1961-1990 normal values)

15. An increase of 0.8904°C from 1951-2006, increase in minimum temperatures almost 3 times increase in maximum temperatures Observed Mean Annual Minimum Temperature Anomalies in the Philippines Period: 1951-2006 (departures from the 1961-1990 normal values)

17. Annual frequency of T.C. entering the PAR and crossing the Philippines (1948-2006) Total = 1148, Mean = 19 to 20 , Std. Dev. = 4, Max = 32 , Min = 11 528 T.C. or 46% crossed /land fall in the Country Average crossing = 9 T.C.

18. March April Average tropical cyclone tracks (1948-2005) January February

19. August July May June Average tropical cyclone tracks (1948-2005)

20. September October November December

22. Percentage of Annual Rainfall associated with the passage of Tropical Cyclones (1951-2005) NCR WESTERN LUZON BICOL VISAYAS MINDANAO EASTERN LUZON

23. FREQUENCY OF FLOODS IN CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES THE STUDY ON THE NATIONWIDE FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT AND THE FLOOD MITIGATION PLAN FOR THE SELECTED AREAS IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES : JICA, 2004 D O S T - P A G A S A

24. Trends of extreme events

31. Impacts

36. Let’s take a look at natural disasters Major natural disasters around the world, 1963-1992

37. Major natural disasters in the Philippines

38. Some statistics on most disastrous tropical cyclones P 0.8 B 3. Kadiang 1993 P 10.8 B 2. Rosing 1995 P 10.8 B 1. Ruping 1990 Damages Tropical Cyclone

40. Potential health impacts of climate and its change

45. “ Only the minimum emissions scenarios - a deep green future-can prevent global temperatures from rising more than 2 o C relative to before the start of our coal and oil age.” Tyndall Technical Report, 2006

46. E-mail address: lvtibig@yahoo.com Thank you