Get on my level!
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Compare searches in Google, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Learn when to use each resource to get the best results.
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Get on my level!
- 1. Get On My Level! Finding Quality Information from Library Databases and Google, too! Melissa L. Johnson South Mountain Community Library May 4th, 2014
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- 3. Assumptions: True or False? 1. Google provides access to every online source available. 2. Library databases have access to every online source available. 3. I can find academic-quality sources using Google. 4. You should never use Google for academic research. 5. Google is easier to use than library databases. 6. Library databases provide much better information than Google products. 3
- 4. Assumptions: True or False? 1. Google provides access to every online source available. 2. Library databases have access to every online source available. 3. I can find academic-quality sources using Google. 4. You should never use Google for academic research. 5. Google is easier to use than library databases. 6. Library databases provide much better information than Google products. 4
- 5. 5 Level 1: Google
- 6. Level 1: Google Results 6 Search query: animal rights About 487,000,000 results 1. Animal rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_rights Wikipedia 2. Why Animal Rights? | Uncompromising Stands on .- Peta www.peta.org/.../why-animal... People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals 3. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA): The ... www.peta.org/ 4. Animal rights group seeks Utah roadside memorial for dead Reuters India - by Laila Kearney - 1 hour ago (Reuters) - Animal rights activists want to erect a roadside memorial placard to honor hundreds of terrified turkeys… 5. Animal Rights: The Abolitionist Approach and Abolition ... www.abolitionistapproach.com/ Gary L. Francione Apr 19, 2014 - The mission of this website is to provide a clear statement of a nonviolent approach to animal 6. Animal Welfare Act Animal Welfare Information Center https://awic.nal.usda.gov/.../an... United States National Agricultural Library The Animal Welfare Act was signed into law in 1966. It is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, ... 7. The Animal Rights FAQ www.animal-rights.com/ Offers answers to common objections to animal rights. Read online or download to read offline. 8. Animal Rights 2014 National Conference www.arconference.org/ The Animal Rights National Conference is the largest & longest-running animal rights... leaders, activists, vegan vendors, and others who care about animals. 9. Farm Animal Rights Movement www.farmusa.org/ Promoting planetary survival through plant-based eating. Programs include the Great American Meatout… 10. Animal Rights Coalition animalrightscoalition.com/ The Animal Rights Coalition operates Ethique Nouveau; a vegan boutique, where all purchases help fund our…
- 7. Level 1: Google O Compare results 7
- 8. Level 1.5: Google Operators O Better search using better queries O Better results 8 https://home.zhaw.ch/~msy/ToolsCourse_ Site/glossary.html
- 9. Level 1.5: Google Results 9 Modified query: ~“animal rights” 2010..2014 –conference –peta 398,000,000 results 1. Animal Rights Activists Planning Protest Of NYC Horse ... newyork.cbslocal.com/.../animal-rights-a... WCBS-TV 2. Animal Welfare Act | Animal Welfare Information Center https://awic.nal.usda.gov/.../an... 3. Q&A: Pets Are Becoming People, Legally Speaking news.nationalgeographic.com/.../140406-pets-cats-d... National Geographic 4. Animal rights activist jailed for six years for Huntington Life ... www.theguardian.com › News › UK news › Crime The Guardian 5. Animal-rights activists picket Liam Neeson's NY home over ... www.theguardian.com › Culture › Film › Liam Neeson The Guardian 6. Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act - Wikipedia, the free ... en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_Enterprise_Terrorism_Ac t Wikipedia 7. Animal Rights Extremists Increasingly Targeting Individuals ... news.sciencemag.org/.../animal-rights-extremists-increasingly- tar... Science 8. 'Animals Are Persons Too' - NYTimes.com www.nytimes.com/.../animals-... The New York Times Apr 23, 2014 9. State Legislation : The Humane Society of the United States www.humanesociety.org/.../stat... The Humane Society of the United States 10. News - Animal Rights Extremism information www.animalrightsextremism.info/news
- 10. Level 1 vs. Level 1.5 10 Website: http://google.com Query: animal rights 487,000,000 results Website: http://google.com Query: ~“animal rights” 2010..2014 –conference –peta 398,000,000 results Different top ten results
- 11. Level 2: Google Scholar @ http://scholar.google.com 11
- 12. Level 2: Google Scholar Query 12 OR
- 13. Level 2: Google Scholar Results Query: allintitle:“animal rights” –peta (date range selected on results 13 1. [BOOK] The case for animal rights T Regan - 1987 - Springer [PDF] from colorado.edu 2. [CITATION] Animal rights and human obligations T Regan, P Singer - 1989 - philpapers.org 3. [CITATION] The animal rights crusade JM Jasper, D Nelkin - Life in Society, 1992 4. [CITATION] Animals and society: The humanity of animal rights K Tester - 1991 - getcited.org [PDF] from temple.edu 324 results 5. [BOOK] Animal rights and human morality BE Rollin - 1992 - books.google.com page) 6. [CITATION] The animal rights movement in America: From compassion to respect L Finsen, S Finsen - Social movements past and present, 1994 - agris.fao.org [PDF] from univie.ac.at 7. Recruiting strangers and friends: Moral shocks and social networks in animal rights and anti-nuclear protests JM Jasper, JD Poulsen - Soc. Probs., 1995 - HeinOnline 8. [BOOK] Natural relations: Ecology, animal rights and social justice T Benton - 1993 - books.google.com 9. [CITATION] Animal Rights G Wenzel - Human Rights: ecology, economy and ideology in the …, 1991 [PDF] from socialpsychology.org 10. An attitude survey of animal rights activists S Plous - Psychological Science, 1991 - pss.sagepub.com
- 14. Level 1 vs. Level 2 Results Level 2 query: allintitle: "animal rights" –peta 14 324 results [BOOK] The case for animal rights T Regan - 1987 - Springer Cited by 2722 Related articles All versions Cite Save More [PDF] from colorado.edu [CITATION] Animal rights and human obligations T Regan, P Singer - 1989 - philpapers.org Cited by 371 Related articles All 4 versions Cite Save More [CITATION] The animal rights crusade JM Jasper, D Nelkin - Life in Society, 1992 Cited by 319 Related articles All 3 versions Cite Save More [CITATION] Animals and society: The humanity of animal rights K Tester - 1991 - getcited.org Cited by 242 Related articles All 2 versions Cite Save More [PDF] from temple.edu [BOOK] Animal rights and human morality BE Rollin - 1992 - books.google.com Cited by 482 Related articles All 9 versions Cite Save More Level 1 query: ~“animal rights” 2010..2014 –conference –peta 398,000,000 results Animal Rights Activists Planning Protest Of NYC Horse ... newyork.cbslocal.com/.../animal-rights-a... WCBS-TV Animal Welfare Act | Animal Welfare Information Center https://awic.nal.usda.gov/.../an... Q&A: Pets Are Becoming People, Legally Speaking news.nationalgeographic.com/.../140406-pets-cats-d... National Geographic Animal rights activist jailed for six years for Huntington Life ... www.theguardian.com › News › UK news › Crime The Guardian Animal-rights activists picket Liam Neeson's NY home over ... www.theguardian.com › Culture › Film › Liam Neeson The Guardian
- 15. Level 3: Databases 15
- 16. Level 3: Databases 16
- 17. Level 3: Databases 17
- 18. Level 3: Databases 18
- 19. 19 Level 1 vs. Level 2 vs. Level 3 Website: Library database Query: ti(“animal rights”) AND ab(vegetarianism) (full text, peer reviewed, Dissertations and Theses, Scholarly Journals, after 2008 also selected) 3 results A CRITICAL NOTE ON "ANIMAL RIGHTS“ Machan, Tibor U. Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice 4.2 (2012): 11-14. Enlarging the Sphere of Recognition: A Hegelian Approach to Animal Rights Thompson, Michael J. Journal of Value Inquiry 45.3 (2011): 319-335. Killing Tradition: Inside Hunting and Animal Rights Controversies Lowe, Brian. Rural Sociology 74.4 (Dec 2009): 637-641. Website: http://google.com Query: animal rights 487,000,000 results Animal Rights Activists Planning Protest Of NYC Horse ... newyork.cbslocal.com/.../animal-rights-a... WCBS-TV Animal Welfare Act | Animal Welfare Information Center https://awic.nal.usda.gov/.../an... Q&A: Pets Are Becoming People, Legally Speaking news.nationalgeographic.com/.../140406-pets-cats- d... National Geographic Animal rights activist jailed for six years for Huntington Life ... www.theguardian.com › News › UK news › Crime The Guardian Animal-rights activists picket Liam Neeson's NY home over ... www.theguardian.com › Culture › Film › Liam Neeson Website: http://scholar.google.com Query: ~“animal rights” 2010..2014 – conference –peta (date range specified on results page) 324 results [BOOK] The case for animal rights T Regan - 1987 - Springer [PDF] from colorado.edu [CITATION] Animal rights and human obligations T Regan, P Singer - 1989 - philpapers.org [CITATION] The animal rights crusade JM Jasper, D Nelkin - Life in Society, 1992 [CITATION] Animals and society: The humanity of animal rights K Tester - 1991 - getcited.org [PDF] from temple.edu [BOOK] Animal rights and human morality BE Rollin - 1992 - books.google.com
- 20. Recap(itulation) O Level 1- Google: best used for research preparation and background information O Level 2- Google Scholar: best used for general scholarly sources O Level 3-Library databases: best used for general and high-level research O Use multiple Web resources to access the best variety of information possible. 20
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Notas del editor
- Hello, and welcome to our library presentation, Get On My Level! Finding Quality Information from Library Databases and Google, too! I’m your student professor, Melissa Johnson. Let’s get started.
- Today’s presentation is about finding quality sources on the Internet, whether it is through Google or the library’s databases. After this short presentation, you should feel more comfortable using the Internet to find academic-quality sources for your biographical and argumentative essay assignments in ENG 101. You should be able to differentiate between different levels of sources and use each one to its best advantage to inform your research.
- First, let’s tackle some common assumptions students make about using Google and using library databases. Read these assumptions and decide whether they are true or false. Feel free to pause the presentation to take your best guess!
- How did you do? You may be surprised to see that most of these assumptions are incorrect. Although it may seem like Google provides access to every online source available, especially when your search retrieves over 33 million results, Google is a free resource that does not retrieve results that are restricted behind paywalls or login screens. Therefore, it cannot provide access to every online source available. How about library databases? Do those expensive, subscription-only databases allow access to every academic source? Unfortunately not. Library databases are limited by many factors, such as subject, storage space, cost, publishers, and access. Although library databases are composed of top-quality sources, they cannot contain them all. Next, contrary to popular belief, it is possible to find academic-quality sources using Google products, such as Google Scholar. You can probably find some using Google, too, but you may need to sift through pages of results before you find one of academic quality. Number four: you should never use Google for academic research. False! Google is a great resource for finding background information on a research topic as well as a few academic sources. Number 5 is debatable. Some users find Google the easiest to use since they already use it in their daily lives; others prefer the results provided by library databases since they usually do not require as much sifting to find a pertinent article. Finally, number 6 is surprisingly false. Google products have the capability of providing the same quality information as library databases; you just have to know how to search for the information. Let’s dig in!
- Let’s say your professor just assigned an argumentative essay and your assigned topic is animal rights. Naturally, the first place you visit is Google, known in this presentation as Level 1. You type in “animal rights” as your query. By the way, the words and symbols that you type into the search box are known as a query.
- Here’s your first ten Google results. Per usual, these results are a mix of articles from general information providers, such as Wikipedia, popular news vendors, such as Rolling Stone, and specific organizations, such as PETA. Most of these sources cannot be cited in an academic paper because they are biased, unauthoritative, irrelevant, outdated, or otherwise of low quality. However, this does not mean that they are worthless. Reading the Wikipedia article “Animal Rights” will give not only you great foundational background information, but will also connect you with credible sources in their sections Notes, References, See Also, and Further Reading. Now you also know a few organizations involved with your topic: PETA, FarmUSA, and the Animal Rights Coalition. Most importantly, some of these sources are academic quality which means you can cite them in your paper, such as the USDA’s website about the Animal Welfare Act. How do we know that that site is credible? The .gov domain is a big indicator that the source is credible. Web addresses that end in .gov are created by governmental agencies which strive to be accurate and impartial in their publications.
- If we take a closer look at the Wikipedia article, we can see a number of credible, quality resources cited at the end that we could potentially use in our paper. The box at the end also provides a number of subtopics and related ideas that we could use to narrow down our topic.
- You can retrieve more precise results from Google by using Google-specific search operators and syntax. Search syntax refers to the “grammar” understood by a search engine. This diagram depicts five of Google’s search operators: the word site with a colon narrows your search to a website that you specify, quotations search for an exact phrase, a hyphen subtracts pages with that word from your results, an enye, the squiggly line, searches for synonyms, and two periods between years indicates a time range. So, how can we apply some of these operators to our “animal rights” search to retrieve more precise results from Google?
- By modifying our query with Google operators, we retrieve different results. The query above in blue, enya quote animal rights end quote 2010 dot dot 2014 hyphen conference and hyphen peta, searches for articles with phrases related to animal rights published between 2010 and 2014 without the words conference or peta in them.
- While these results are still about the same low quality as the first query, they are more specifically suited to your needs and cut out almost 100 million results from the previous search. Still, these results are not very scholarly. How can we retrieve more academic quality sources while still using Google?
- That’s where Google Scholar comes in. Google Scholar, known as Level 2 in this presentation, is a web search engine like Google, but it only searches for scholarly literature. When you conduct searches in Google Scholar, you only see scholarly results. Best part: it’s free! However, keep in mind that Google Scholar is mainly a bibliographic search engine; it lists or indexes every scholarly resource it encounters, regardless of whether it can provide full-text access to it or not. Many of its resources are locked behind paywalls. However, it still provides enough access to be useful. (6 minutes)
- Google Scholar offers two search options: basic and advanced search. We can type out our query in the search box using allintitle and a colon, the phrase “animal rights”, and hyphen “peta”, or we can type our requirements in Google Scholar’s advanced search fields. If we construct our own query, we must specify the date range on the results page. In our last search, we excluded results with the word “conference” in them. I didn’t want to exclude “conference” this time because some sources might be conference papers published as articles and we wouldn’t want to exclude those high-quality sources from our results.
- Here are the top ten results retrieved from Google Scholar. They are composed completely of cited scholarly books and journal articles, how convenient! No sifting! Unfortunately, the majority of the results do not provide full-text access, which, in Google Scholar, is indicated by PDF links. In this presentation, full-text access is indicated by the purple arrows pointing to the links. If we compare the results, we can see that there’s a trade-off using Google Scholar instead of Google. In Google, almost every result is accessible, but mostly low quality. In Google Scholar, many results are inaccessible, but all of them are scholarly, guaranteeing that the ones you do access are high-quality. What should you do? Use Google or Google Scholar? The answer is you should use both. Using both search engines in tandem provides you with the widest knowledge base possible to find sources that apply to your topic.
- If we compare the top five results from the Level 1 Google search to the Level 2 Google Scholar search, we can more easily distinguish the two. Please take a moment to compare the query operators and syntax, quality of results, number of results, and the accessibility of the results before we move on to Level 3.
- The highest level of online resource that will provide the highest combined quantity and quality of results are library databases. Library databases are accessible only by subscription; libraries purchase access to them and provide access to students through authentication pages which force you to verify your identity through your student ID and password. They take a little extra time to access, but the wait is totally worth it. Library databases provided almost unrivaled, top-quality sources, which is why they are so expensive. You may or may not have used library databases before; if you have, you will be familiar with names such as EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Gale, and JSTOR. Library databases are often not used to their full potential because students do not know they exist, do not know where to find them, and/or do not know how to operate them. With this quick introduction, you will be able to add library databases to your research arsenal and conduct quality research for your assignments.
- This particular database is known as ProQuest Direct. It focuses on general academic citations, abstracts, and journal articles. It uses different search operators and syntax than Google and Google Scholar. To find sources for our animal rights paper, we will use ProQuest’s Advanced Search option.
- In ProQuest, you can search different sections of the articles by using fields; these enable a higher level of precision in your searches. In this example, I have typed the phrase animal rights and to the right, I have chosen Document title as the field to search. Now, only documents with the phrase “animal rights” in the title will appear on my results page. In the second row, I have added the word “vegetarianism” to narrow my search using the Boolean term, AND. I also specified the field “Abstract” for that term, so only documents that have the word “vegetarianism” in the abstract will appear in my results. Below these rows are additional search options. Perhaps the most useful search option is the full-text checkbox. If I check this box, I will only receive full-text articles, complete articles that I can read fully online, in my results. This is a feature that majorly distinguishes library databases from Google and Google Scholar. Finally, I can also specify a date range and select specific types of sources to retrieve in my results. By selecting all of these options, we have limited our search to return results that have animal rights in the title and vegetarianism in the abstract, results that are full-text and peer-reviewed, published after 2008, and published as dissertations or theses or in scholarly journals. Let’s see what ProQuest grabs for us.
- Near the bottom, you can see that ProQuest retrieved three results that met our specifications. All of them are full-text journal articles of high, academic quality. As you can see, the wide variety of search options offered by research databases enable the user to retrieve highly-specific results and in this case, has entirely eliminated sifting through results. Another highly useful tool that databases offer are Web 2.0 features: users may save, e-mail, print, cite, export, and save articles. Something you must keep in mind while using databases is that they usually retrieve advanced, complex research on your topic; they are usually not the best for general information. They are best used to find current research, specific specialized information, or interdisciplinary work on a topic.
- Here is a quick comparison of the vendors we explored today: Level 1 Google, Level 2 Google Scholar, and Level 3 library database, ProQuest. You can see that as you move towards the right, the queries and the results progressively become more precise and more complex. Notice that none of the results repeat between all three of the vendors.
- Here’s a recap of everything we learned in this presentation. There are three levels of Web resources to gather information from when conducting your research. Google, a Level 1 vendor, provides free and fast access to results of low or medium quality that can provide basic, background information on your topic. Google Scholar, a Level 2 vendor, provides fast access to academic sources, though not all of them are free to access. Finally, your library databases, a Level 3 vendor, provide free access to scholarly material of high quality and complexity in large quantities. The key to conducting research online is to use a variety of vendors. As we saw during our presentation when none of the search results repeated, using all three levels of Web resources provided us with the widest knowledge base possible. If we had only used one of the vendors, our research would have been extremely limited and ill-represented. So, next time you are assigned a research topic, don’t stop at Google. Now that you know where and how to look, use all of the free, fast, quality information out there to make your assignments the most credible and the best quality possible.
- It’s been fun! See you next time.