Health Science I Unit 2.01 Circulatory System

1. 2.01 Remember the structures
of the circulatory system

2. Essential questions
 What are the structures of blood?
 What are the structures of the circulatory
system?
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 2

3. Structures of the circulatory system
 Blood
 Heart
 Arteries
 Veins
 Capillaries
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 3

4. Blood
 Hematology
Hemat- = blood
-ology = the study of
 The average adult has
8 – 10 pints.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 4

5. Blood
One single drop of blood contains:
 5 million RBCs
 250,000-500,000 platelets
 7,500 WBCs
Make new blood cells 2 million per second!
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 5

6. Structures of the blood
 Plasma
 Erythrocytes
 Leukocytes
 Thrombocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 6

7. Plasma
Plasma
Cellular
elements
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 7

8. Plasma proteins
Plasma
Cellular
elements
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 8

9. Erythrocytes
(erythro=red + cytes=cells)
 Live 120 days
 Biconcave disk
 Hemoglobin
 Transportation
 Oxygen
 Carbon dioxide
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 9

10. Leukocytes
leuko=white + cytes=cells
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 10

11. Leukocytes
 Agranulocytes
 Lymphocytes
 Monocytes
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 11

12. Leukocytes
 Granulocytes
 Neutrophils
 Eosinophils
 Basophils
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 12

13. Thrombocytes/Platelets
 Smallest of solid
components of blood
 Synthesized in red
marrow
 Not cells, composed of
fragments of
megakaryocytes
 Necessary for the
initiation of the blood
clotting process
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 13

14. 2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 14

15. Blood types
 A
 B
 AB
 O
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 15

16.  In 1901, the Austrian
immunologist Karl
Landsteiner discovered
that blood may be
grouped into four main
types.
 Based on the reaction
that resulted when blood
from different individuals
were mixed.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 16

17. Blood types
 Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies
 Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies
 Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies
 Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 17

18. Rh factor
 Rhesus (Rh) factor is an  Although Rh factor doesn't
inherited trait that refers to a affect the patient’s health, it
specific protein found on the can affect pregnancy.
surface of red blood cells
(antigen).
 Blood used in transfusions
must match donors for Rh
status as well as for ABO
blood type.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 18

19. Rh factor
 In 1940, the Rh factor
was discovered as a
result of studying Rhesus
monkeys.
 When blood from
monkeys was injected
into rabbits and guinea
pigs, it clotted.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 19

20. Rh factor
 If the blood has the
protein, the patient is
Rh positive.
 If the blood lacks the
protein, the patient is
Rh negative.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 20

21. Structures of the circulatory system
 Heart
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 21

22. Heart
The heart is a
double pump.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 22

23. Heart
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Aortic semilunar valve Pulmonary vein
Right atrium Left atrium
Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Inferior vena cava Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right ventricle Left ventricle
Septum Apex
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 23

24. Layers of the heart
Left atrium
Right atrium
Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 24

25. Conduction system of heart beats
Refer to your textbook to
identify the structures of the
heart’s conduction system in
the correct sequence for the
heart to beat.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 25

26. Structures of the circulatory system
 ARTERIES
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 26

27. Vessels of the circulatory system
 ARTERIES
 Elastic, muscular and thick-walled
 Three tissue layers
 Tunica adventitia
 Tunica media
 Tunica intima
 Transport blood AWAY from the heart under very
high pressure
Arteries > arterioles > capillaries
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 27

28. Vessels of the
circulatory system
Arterial blood
Oxygen rich
Bright red, spurts
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 28

29. Structures of the circulatory system
 VEINS
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 29

30. Vessels of the circulatory system
 VEINS
 Carry deoxygenated blood from capillaries to the heart
 Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and
muscular than arteries
 Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood
 Veins have one way valves that prevent the backflow of
blood
 Veins > Venules > Capillaries
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 30

31. Vessels of the
circulatory system
Venous blood
Oxygen poor
Dark crimson, oozes
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 31

32. Flow of Blood
Arteries > arterioles > capillaries > Venules > Veins
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 32

33. Vessels of the circulatory system
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 33

34. Structures of the circulatory system
 Capillaries
 The smallest
blood vessels
 Connect
arterioles to
venules
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 34

35. Structures of the circulatory system
Trace the flow of blood
through the body
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 35

36. Flow of blood through the body
Right side Left Side
Superior vena cava Pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava Left atrium
Right atrium Bicuspid valve
Tricuspid valve Left ventricle
Right Ventricle Aortic valve
Pulmonary valve Aorta
Pulmonary artery Body
Lungs CO2 and O2
exchange
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 36

37. Pulse sites
 Alternating expansion and contraction of an
artery as blood flows through it.
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 37

38. Common pulse sites
2.01 Remember the structures of the
circulatory system 38