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- 1. Table of Contents Preface 32 About On-line Help ................................................................................. 32 Acknowledgments .................................................................................. 32 Product Information 33 Contacting NeuroDimension.................................................................... 33 NeuroSolutions Technical Support ........................................................... 34 NeuroDimension Products and Services .................................................. 35 Level Restrictions ................................................................................... 39 Evaluation Mode..................................................................................... 40 NeuroSolutions Pricing ........................................................................... 40 NeuroSolutions University Site License Pricing ......................................... 41 Ordering Information ............................................................................... 41 Getting Started 42 System Requirements............................................................................. 42 Running the Demos ................................................................................ 42 What to do after Running the Demos ....................................................... 45 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) ......................................................... 45 Terms to Know....................................................................................... 50 Main Window ................................................................................... 50 Inspector.......................................................................................... 51 Breadboards .................................................................................... 52 Neural Components.......................................................................... 53 Toolbars and Palettes ....................................................................... 53 Selection and Stamping Modes ......................................................... 54 Temporary License........................................................................... 54 Menus & Toolbars .................................................................................. 55 File Menu & Toolbar Commands ....................................................... 55 Edit Menu & Toolbar Commands ....................................................... 56 Alignment Menu & Toolbar Commands .............................................. 57 Windows Menu & Toolbar Commands .............................................. 58 Component Menu ............................................................................. 59 Tools ............................................................................................... 59 Tools Menu Commands .............................................................. 59 Control Menu & Toolbar Commands ............................................ 61 Macro Menu & Toolbar Commands ............................................. 62 Customize Toolbars Page ........................................................... 63 Component Palettes......................................................................................................................................63 Command Toolbars .......................................................................................................................................64 Customize Buttons Page............................................................. 65 View ................................................................................................ 66 View Menu ................................................................................. 66 Macro Bars ................................................................................ 66 Status Bar.................................................................................. 68 Help................................................................................................. 69 Help Menu & Toolbar Commands ................................................ 69 Activate Software Panel .............................................................. 70 User Options .......................................................................................... 71 Options Window ............................................................................... 71 Options Workspace Page.................................................................. 72 1
- 2. Options Save Page........................................................................... 73 Examples ............................................................................................... 74 Example 1 - Toolbar Manipulation...................................................... 74 Example 2 - Component Manipulation................................................ 74 Example 3 - Inspecting a Component's Parameters ............................ 75 Simulations 76 Simulations ............................................................................................ 76 Introduction to Neural Network Simulations .............................................. 77 What Are Artificial Neural Networks ................................................... 77 A Prototype Problem......................................................................... 78 Ingredients of a Simulation ...................................................................... 79 Formulation of the problem................................................................ 79 Data Collection and Coding ............................................................... 79 Getting Data into the Network ............................................................ 80 Cross Validation ............................................................................... 81 Network Topology ............................................................................ 82 Network Training .............................................................................. 84 Probing ............................................................................................ 86 Running the Simulation ..................................................................... 86 Concepts 86 Concepts ............................................................................................... 86 NeuroSolutions Structure ........................................................................ 87 NeuroSolutions Structure .................................................................. 87 Palettes ........................................................................................... 87 Breadboard...................................................................................... 88 NeuroSolutions Graphical User Interface (GUI) ........................................ 89 NeuroSolutions Graphical User Interface (GUI) .................................. 89 Logic of the Interface........................................................................ 89 Components .................................................................................... 90 The Inspector................................................................................... 90 Single-Click vs. Double-Click............................................................. 91 File Open Dialog Box ........................................................................ 92 Save As Dialog Box .......................................................................... 92 Toolbars and Palettes ....................................................................... 92 Title Bar........................................................................................... 93 Scroll Bars ....................................................................................... 93 Network Construction ....................................................................... 94 Network Construction ................................................................. 94 Stamping ................................................................................... 94 Manipulating Components........................................................... 94 Replacing Axons and Synapses .................................................. 95 Connectors ................................................................................ 95 Cabling ...................................................................................... 96 Stacking..................................................................................... 97 Network Access ............................................................................... 97 Network Access ......................................................................... 97 Probes ....................................................................................... 98 Data Input/Output ....................................................................... 99 Transmitters and Receivers ........................................................100 Network Simulation..........................................................................100 Network Simulation....................................................................100 Application Window Commands .......................................................100 2
- 3. Size command (System menu) 100 Move command (Control menu) 101 Minimize command (application Control menu)............................101 Maximize command (System menu) 101 Close command (Control menus) 101 Restore command (Control menu) 102 Switch to command (application Control menu) 102 Generating Source Code .......................................................................103 Generating Source Code .................................................................103 Customized Components .......................................................................103 Customized Components .................................................................103 Testing the Network ...............................................................................104 The TestingWizard ..........................................................................104 Freezing the Network Weights..........................................................104 Cross Validation ..............................................................................104 Production Data Set.........................................................................105 Sensitivity Analysis..........................................................................105 Confusion Matrix .............................................................................105 Correlation Coefficient .....................................................................106 ROC Matrix .....................................................................................107 Performance Measures ....................................................................108 Practical Simulation Issues.....................................................................109 Practical Simulation Issues...............................................................109 Associating a File Extension with an Editor........................................110 Data Preparation .............................................................................110 Normalization File............................................................................111 Forms of Backpropagation ...............................................................112 Probing ...........................................................................................113 Saving and Fixing Network Weights..................................................113 Weights File ....................................................................................113 Saving Network Data .......................................................................118 Stop Criteria ....................................................................................118 Constructing Learning Dynamics ......................................................118 Simulating Recurrent Networks ........................................................119 Component Naming Conventions .....................................................119 Coordinating Unsupervised and Supervised Learning ........................121 Organization of NeuroSolutions ..............................................................121 Organization of NeuroSolutions ........................................................121 Activation Family .............................................................................122 Activation Family .............................................................................122 Axon Family ..............................................................................124 MemoryAxon Family ..................................................................125 FuzzyAxon Family .....................................................................127 ErrorCriteria Family .........................................................................128 Synapse Family.........................................................................130 Backprop Family..............................................................................131 Backprop Family..............................................................................131 BackAxon Family.......................................................................132 BackMemoryAxon Family...........................................................134 BackSynapse Family .................................................................136 3
- 4. GradientSearch Family ....................................................................137 GradientSearch Family ..............................................................137 Controls Family ...............................................................................139 Controls Family .........................................................................139 ActivationControl Family ............................................................140 BackpropControl Family.............................................................142 Unsupervised Family .......................................................................143 Unsupervised Family .................................................................143 Hebbian Family .........................................................................144 Competitive Family ....................................................................145 Kohonen Family ........................................................................146 Probe Family...................................................................................147 Probe Family.............................................................................147 Input Family ....................................................................................148 Input Family ....................................................................................148 Transmitter Family...........................................................................149 Transmitter Family...........................................................................149 Schedule Family..............................................................................150 Schedule Family..............................................................................150 Introduction to Neural Computation 151 Introduction to NeuroComputation ..........................................................151 Introduction to Neural Computation.........................................................152 Introduction to NeuroComputation ....................................................152 History of Neural Networks...............................................................152 What are Artificial Neural Networks...................................................153 Neural Network Solutions .................................................................154 Neural Network Analysis ........................................................................155 Neural Network Analysis ..................................................................155 Neural Network Taxonomies ............................................................157 Learning Paradigms.........................................................................159 Learning Paradigms...................................................................159 Cost Function ............................................................................160 Gradient Descent ......................................................................161 Constraining the Learning Dynamics.................................................166 Constraining the Learning Dynamics...........................................166 Practical Issues of Learning ...................................................................168 Practical Issues of Learning .............................................................168 Training Set ....................................................................................168 Network Size...................................................................................169 Learning Parameters .......................................................................169 Stop Criteria ....................................................................................170 Unsupervised Learning ..........................................................................171 Unsupervised learning .....................................................................171 Support Vector Machines .......................................................................174 Support Vector Machines .................................................................174 Dynamic Networks.................................................................................176 Dynamic Networks...........................................................................176 Famous Neural Topologies ....................................................................177 Famous Neural Topologies ..............................................................177 Perceptron ......................................................................................177 Multilayer Perceptron .......................................................................178 Madaline .........................................................................................180 Radial Basis Function Networks .......................................................180 Associative Memories ......................................................................181 Jordan/Elman Networks ...................................................................182 4
- 5. Hopfield Network .............................................................................183 Principal Component Analysis Networks ...........................................184 Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (SOFM) ...........................................185 Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) ..................................................187 Fukushima ......................................................................................187 Time Lagged Recurrent Networks.....................................................187 Tutorials 190 Tutorials Chapter ...................................................................................190 Running NeuroSolutions ........................................................................190 Signal Generator Example .....................................................................191 Signal Generator Example ...............................................................191 Construction Rules ..........................................................................192 Stamping Components ....................................................................193 On-line Help ....................................................................................193 Connectors .....................................................................................193 Selecting and Configuring a Component ...........................................194 Arranging Icons ...............................................................................194 Connecting Components..................................................................195 The Cursor......................................................................................195 Component Compatibility .................................................................195 Bringing in the Function Generators ..................................................196 Stacking Components......................................................................196 Accessing the Component Hierarchy ................................................197 Access Points .................................................................................198 Displaying the Output Waveform ......................................................198 Opening the Display Window............................................................199 Controlling Data Flow ......................................................................199 Configuring the Controller ................................................................199 Running the Signal Generator Example ............................................200 Things to Try with the Signal Generator ............................................201 What You have Learned from the Signal Generator Example .............202 Combination of Data Sources Example ...................................................203 Combination of Data Sources Example .............................................203 Constructing a McCulloch-Pitts Processing Element ..........................203 Preparing Files for Input into NeuroSolutions .....................................204 Things to Try with the Combination of Data Sources Example ............206 What You have Learned from the Combination of Data Sources Example207 The Perceptron and Multilayer Perceptron ..............................................207 Perceptron and Multilayer Perceptron Example .................................207 Perceptron Topology .......................................................................207 Constructing the Learning Dynamics of a Perceptron .........................208 Alternate Procedure for Constructing the Learning Dynamics of a Perceptron 210 Selecting the Learning Paradigm......................................................211 Running the Perceptron ...................................................................212 MLP Construction ............................................................................213 Running the MLP .............................................................................214 Things to Try with the Perceptron and Multilayer Perceptron Example 215 What You have Learned from the Perceptron and Multilayer Perceptron Example ......................................................................................................216 Associator Example ...............................................................................217 Associator Example .........................................................................217 Building the Associator ....................................................................217 Things to Try with the Associator ......................................................221 What you have Learned from the Associator Example .......................221 Filtering Example...................................................................................222 5
- 6. Filtering Example.............................................................................222 Constructing A Linear Filter..............................................................222 Things to Try with the Linear Filter....................................................224 Adaptive Network Construction.........................................................225 Running the Adaptive Network .........................................................225 Things to Try with the Adaptive Network ...........................................226 What You have Learned from the Filter Example ...............................229 Recurrent Neural Network Example ........................................................229 Recurrent Neural Network Example ..................................................229 Creating the Recurrent Topology ......................................................229 Fixed Point Learning ........................................................................231 Running the Recurrent Network ........................................................232 Things to Try with the Recurrent Network ..........................................234 What You have Learned from the Recurrent Network Example...........237 Frequency Doubler Example ..................................................................237 Frequency Doubler Example ............................................................237 Creating the Frequency Doubler Network ..........................................237 Configuration of the Trajectory..........................................................239 Running the Frequency Doubler Network ..........................................239 Using the Gamma Model to Double the Frequency ............................240 Visualizing the State Space..............................................................242 Things to Try with the Frequency Doubler Network ............................244 What You have Learned from the Frequency Doubler Example ..........246 Unsupervised Learning Example ............................................................247 Unsupervised Learning Example ......................................................247 Introduction to Unsupervised Learning ..............................................247 Noise Reduction with Oja's or Sanger's Learning ...............................248 Things to Try with the Unsupervised Network ....................................249 What You have Learned from the Unsupervised Learning Example ....251 Principle Component Analysis Example ..................................................251 Principal Component Analysis Example ............................................251 Introduction to Principal Component Analysis....................................251 Running the PCA Network ...............................................................251 Things to Try with the PCA Network..................................................253 What You have Learned from the Principal Component Analysis Example 253 Competitive Learning Example...............................................................253 Competitive Learning Example.........................................................253 Introduction to Competitive Learning .................................................253 Constructing the Competitive Network ..............................................254 Things to Try with the Competitive Network .......................................256 What You have Learned from the Competitive Learning Example.......258 Kohonen Self Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) Example .........................259 Kohonen Self Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) Example ...................259 Introduction to SOFM Example .........................................................259 SOFM Network Construction ............................................................259 Running the SOFM Network .............................................................260 Things to Try with the SOFM Network ...............................................261 What you have Learned from the Kohonen SOFM Example ...............261 Character Recognition Example .............................................................261 Character Recognition Example .......................................................261 Introduction to Character Recognition Example .................................262 Constructing the Counterpropagation Network...................................262 Running the Counterpropagation Network .........................................263 Things to Try with the Counterpropagation Network ...........................264 What You have Learned from the Character Recognition Example .....265 Pattern Recognition Example .................................................................265 6
- 7. Pattern Recognition Example ...........................................................265 Introduction to Pattern Recognition Example .....................................266 Constructing the Pattern Recognition Network ...................................266 Running the Pattern Recognition Network .........................................268 What you have Learned from the Pattern Recognition Example..........269 Time Series Prediction Example.............................................................269 Time Series Prediction Example.......................................................269 Introduction to Time Series Prediction Example .................................269 Constructing the TLRN Network .......................................................270 Running the TLRN Network ..............................................................271 What You have Learned from the Time Series Prediction Example .....271 Neural Network Components 271 Components .........................................................................................271 Engine Family .......................................................................................272 Activation Family ...................................................................................272 Axon Family ....................................................................................272 Axon.........................................................................................272 BiasAxon ..................................................................................273 CombinerAxon ..........................................................................274 GaussianAxon...........................................................................275 LinearAxon................................................................................276 LinearSigmoidAxon ...................................................................277 LinearTanhAxon........................................................................278 NormalizedAxon........................................................................279 NormalizedSigmoidAxon ............................................................280 SigmoidAxon.............................................................................281 SoftMaxAxon.............................................................................282 TanhAxon .................................................................................283 ThresholdAxon..........................................................................284 WinnerTakeAllAxon ...................................................................285 Access Points ...........................................................................286 Axon Family Access Points........................................................................................................................286 DLL Implementation...................................................................287 Axon DLL Implementation..........................................................................................................................287 BiasAxon DLL Implementation...................................................................................................................288 GaussianAxon DLL Implementation.........................................................................................................288 LinearAxon DLL Implementation...............................................................................................................289 LinearSigmoidAxon DLL Implementation.................................................................................................290 LinearTanhAxon DLL Implementation......................................................................................................291 SigmoidAxon DLL Implementation............................................................................................................292 SoftMaxAxon DLL Implementation............................................................................................................292 TanhAxon DLL Implementation.................................................................................................................293 ThresholdAxon DLL Implementation........................................................................................................294 WinnerTakeAllAxon DLL Implementation ................................................................................................295 Examples ..................................................................................296 Axon Example...............................................................................................................................................296 BiasAxon Example.......................................................................................................................................297 GaussianAxon Example..............................................................................................................................298 LinearAxon Example...................................................................................................................................299 LinearSigmoidAxon Example.....................................................................................................................300 LinearTanhAxon Example..........................................................................................................................301 SigmoidAxon Example................................................................................................................................302 SoftMaxAxon Example................................................................................................................................303 TanhAxon Example.....................................................................................................................................304 ThresholdAxon Example.............................................................................................................................305 WinnerTakeAllAxon Example.....................................................................................................................306 Macro Actions ...........................................................................307 7
- 8. Axon ...............................................................................................................................................................307 Axon Macro Actions.....................................................................................................................................307 setRows .........................................................................................................................................................308 cols .................................................................................................................................................................308 fireNext...........................................................................................................................................................308 fireNextOnReset...........................................................................................................................................309 rows ................................................................................................................................................................309 setCols ...........................................................................................................................................................309 setDimensions ..............................................................................................................................................309 setFireNext ....................................................................................................................................................310 setFireNextOnReset....................................................................................................................................310 Gaussian Axon .............................................................................................................................................311 GaussianAxon Macro Actions....................................................................................................................311 assignCenters...............................................................................................................................................311 assignVariance.............................................................................................................................................311 neighbors.......................................................................................................................................................311 setEngineData..............................................................................................................................................312 setNeighbors.................................................................................................................................................312 Linear Axon...................................................................................................................................................312 LinearAxon Macro Actions..........................................................................................................................312 beta.................................................................................................................................................................313 setBeta...........................................................................................................................................................313 setWeightMean.............................................................................................................................................313 setWeightVariance.......................................................................................................................................314 weightMean...................................................................................................................................................314 weightVariance.............................................................................................................................................314 Winner Take All Axon..................................................................................................................................314 WinnerTakeAllAxon Macro Actions...........................................................................................................314 maxWinner....................................................................................................................................................315 setMaxWinner...............................................................................................................................................315 Inspectors .......................................................................................315 Axon Inspector ..........................................................................315 GaussianAxon Inspector ............................................................316 WinnerTakeAllAxon Inspector ....................................................318 Engine Inspector .............................................................................319 Soma Family Inspector...............................................................................................................................321 Transfer Function Inspector........................................................322 Drag and Drop.................................................................................323 Axon Family Drag and Drop .......................................................323 MemoryAxon Family ........................................................................323 ContextAxon .............................................................................323 GammaAxon.............................................................................324 IntegratorAxon ..........................................................................325 LaguarreAxon ...........................................................................326 SigmoidContextAxon .................................................................327 SigmoidIntegratorAxon ..............................................................328 TanhContextAxon......................................................................329 TanhIntegratorAxon ...................................................................330 TDNNAxon................................................................................331 DLL Implementation...................................................................332 ContextAxon DLL Implementation............................................................................................................332 GammaAxon DLL Implementation............................................................................................................332 IntegratorAxon DLL Implementation.........................................................................................................333 LaguarreAxon DLL Implementation ..........................................................................................................334 SigmoidContextAxon DLL Implementation..............................................................................................335 SigmoidIntegratorAxon DLL Implementation...........................................................................................336 TanhContextAxon DLL Implementation...................................................................................................337 TanhIntegratorAxon DLL Implementation................................................................................................338 TDNNAxon DLL Implementation ...............................................................................................................338 Examples ..................................................................................339 8
- 9. IntegratorAxon Example.............................................................................................................................339 TanhIntegratorAxon Example....................................................................................................................340 SigmoidIntegratorAxon Example...............................................................................................................341 ContextAxon Example.................................................................................................................................343 SigmoidContextAxon Example..................................................................................................................344 TanhContextAxon Example........................................................................................................................345 GammaAxon Example................................................................................................................................346 LaguarreAxon Example...............................................................................................................................347 TDNNAxon Example...................................................................................................................................348 Inspectors .................................................................................349 TDNNAxon Inspector...................................................................................................................................349 Feedback Inspector.....................................................................................................................................350 Macro Actions ...........................................................................351 TDNN Axon...................................................................................................................................................351 TDNNAxon Macro Actions..........................................................................................................................351 setTapDelay..................................................................................................................................................352 setTaps ..........................................................................................................................................................352 tapDelay.........................................................................................................................................................352 taps.................................................................................................................................................................352 FuzzyAxon Family ...........................................................................353 BellFuzzyAxon ..........................................................................353 GaussianFuzzyAxon..................................................................354 DLL Implementation...................................................................354 GaussianFuzzyAxon DLL Implementation...............................................................................................354 BellFuzzyAxon DLL Implementation.........................................................................................................356 Inspectors .................................................................................357 FuzzyAxon Inspector...................................................................................................................................357 Synapse Family...............................................................................357 ArbitrarySynapse.......................................................................357 CombinerSynapse.....................................................................358 ContractorSynapse....................................................................359 ExpanderSynapse .....................................................................360 ModularSynapse .......................................................................361 FullSynapse ..............................................................................362 SVMOutputSynapse ..................................................................363 Synapse ...................................................................................363 Access Points ...........................................................................364 Synapse Family Access Points..................................................................................................................364 DLL Implementation...................................................................365 FullSynapse DLL Implementation.............................................................................................................365 Synapse DLL Implementation....................................................................................................................366 Drag and Drop...........................................................................367 Synapse Family Drag and Drop.................................................................................................................367 Inspectors .................................................................................367 ArbitrarySynapse Inspector........................................................................................................................367 CombinerSynapse Inspector......................................................................................................................369 ContractorSynapse Inspector.....................................................................................................................370 ExpanderSynapse Inspector......................................................................................................................371 ModularSynapse Inspector.........................................................................................................................371 Synapse Inspector.......................................................................................................................................372 Macro Actions ...........................................................................373 ArbitrarySynapse..........................................................................................................................................373 ArbitrarySynapse Macro Actions ...............................................................................................................373 autoconnect...................................................................................................................................................373 disconnectAll.................................................................................................................................................374 forward...........................................................................................................................................................374 nConnections ................................................................................................................................................374 removeConnections.....................................................................................................................................375 setAutoconnect.............................................................................................................................................375 setForward....................................................................................................................................................376 9
- 10. setNConnections ..........................................................................................................................................376 toggleInputNeuron.......................................................................................................................................376 toggleOutputNeuron....................................................................................................................................376 FullSynapse..................................................................................................................................................377 Synapse.........................................................................................................................................................377 Synapse Macro Actions ..............................................................................................................................377 delay...............................................................................................................................................................377 inputConnector.............................................................................................................................................377 outputConnector...........................................................................................................................................378 setDelay.........................................................................................................................................................378 Macro Actions .................................................................................378 Soma........................................................................................378 Soma Macro Actions ...................................................................................................................................378 networkJog....................................................................................................................................................379 networkRandomize ......................................................................................................................................379 setEngineData..............................................................................................................................................379 setWeightsFixed...........................................................................................................................................380 setWeightMean.............................................................................................................................................380 setWeightsSave ...........................................................................................................................................380 setWeightVariance.......................................................................................................................................381 weightsFixed.................................................................................................................................................381 weightMean...................................................................................................................................................381 weightsSave..................................................................................................................................................381 weightVariance.............................................................................................................................................382 Backprop Family....................................................................................382 BackAxon Family.............................................................................382 BackAxon .................................................................................382 BackBiasAxon...........................................................................383 BackCombinerAxon...................................................................384 BackLinearAxon ........................................................................385 BackNormalizedAxon ................................................................386 BackNormalizedSigmoidAxon ....................................................386 BackSigmoidAxon .....................................................................387 BackTanhAxon ..........................................................................388 BackCriteriaControl ...................................................................389 BackBellFuzzyAxon...................................................................390 BackGaussianFuzzyAxon ..........................................................391 Access Points ...........................................................................392 BackAxon Family Access Points ...............................................................................................................392 DLL Implementation...................................................................393 BackAxon DLL Implementation.................................................................................................................393 BackBiasAxon DLL Implementation..........................................................................................................394 BackLinearAxon DLL Implementation ......................................................................................................394 BackSigmoidAxon DLL Implementation...................................................................................................395 BackTanhAxon DLL Implementation ........................................................................................................396 BackBellFuzzyAxon DLL Implementation................................................................................................397 BackGaussianFuzzyAxon DLL Implementation......................................................................................398 Inspectors .................................................................................400 BackLinearAxon Inspector..........................................................................................................................400 Macro Actions ...........................................................................400 Back Linear Axon.........................................................................................................................................400 BackLinearAxon Macro Actions.................................................................................................................400 offset...............................................................................................................................................................401 setOffset........................................................................................................................................................401 BackMemoryAxon Family.................................................................401 BackContextAxon ......................................................................401 BackGammaAxon .....................................................................402 BackLaguarreAxon ....................................................................403 BackIntegratorAxon ...................................................................404 10
- 11. BackSigmoidContextAxon ..........................................................405 BackSigmoidIntegratorAxon .......................................................406 BackTanhContextAxon ..............................................................406 BackTanhIntegratorAxon ...........................................................407 BackTDNNAxon ........................................................................408 DLL Implementation...................................................................409 BackContextAxon DLL Implementation....................................................................................................409 BackGammaAxon DLL Implementation...................................................................................................409 BackIntegratorAxon DLL Implementation ................................................................................................410 BackLaguarreAxon DLL Implementation.................................................................................................411 BackSigmoidContextAxon DLL Implementation.....................................................................................413 BackSigmoidIntegratorAxon DLL Implementation..................................................................................413 BackTanhContextAxon DLL Implementation..........................................................................................414 BackTanhIntegratorAxon DLL Implementation.......................................................................................415 BackTDNNAxon DLL Implementation ......................................................................................................416 BackSynapse Family .......................................................................417 BackArbitrarySynapse ...............................................................417 BackFullSynapse.......................................................................418 BackSynapse............................................................................418 DLL Implementation...................................................................419 BackFullSynapse DLL Implementation....................................................................................................419 BackSynapse DLL Implementation...........................................................................................................420 Drag and Drop.................................................................................421 Backprop Family Drag and Drop.................................................421 Controls Family .....................................................................................422 StaticControl ...................................................................................422 BackStaticControl ............................................................................423 DynamicControl...............................................................................423 BackDynamicControl .......................................................................425 GeneticControl ................................................................................426 Access Points .................................................................................427 StaticControl Access Points .......................................................427 GeneticControl Access Points ....................................................427 Drag and Drop.................................................................................427 Controls Drag and Drop .............................................................427 Inspectors .......................................................................................428 Exemplar Weighting Inspector ....................................................428 Progress Display Inspector.........................................................429 Weights Inspector......................................................................430 StaticControl Inspector...............................................................432 Termination Inspector ................................................................434 DynamicControl Inspector ..........................................................435 Iterative Prediction Inspector ......................................................436 Backpropagation Inspector (Dynamic).........................................437 Teacher Forcing Inspector .........................................................438 BackStaticControl Inspector (Static)............................................439 Code Generation Inspector ........................................................441 Auto Macros Inspector ...............................................................443 GeneticControl Inspector ...........................................................444 Genetic Operators Inspector ......................................................446 Genetic Termination Inspector....................................................449 Windows .........................................................................................450 Simulation Progress Window......................................................450 Macro Actions .................................................................................451 Back Dynamic Control ...............................................................451 BackDynamicControl Macro Actions.........................................................................................................451 backpropOffset.............................................................................................................................................451 11
- 12. setBackpropOffset.......................................................................................................................................451 Back Static Control ....................................................................452 BackStaticControl Macro Actions..............................................................................................................452 allocateBackpropPlane...............................................................................................................................453 batch...............................................................................................................................................................453 costWeightingActive ....................................................................................................................................454 custom ...........................................................................................................................................................454 freeALL ..........................................................................................................................................................454 freeBackpropPlane......................................................................................................................................454 gradientClass................................................................................................................................................455 gradientWeightingActive .............................................................................................................................455 learning..........................................................................................................................................................455 learningOnReset..........................................................................................................................................455 setBatch.........................................................................................................................................................456 setCostWeightingActive ..............................................................................................................................456 setCustom .....................................................................................................................................................456 setForceLearning .........................................................................................................................................457 setGradientClass..........................................................................................................................................457 setGradientClassName...............................................................................................................................457 setGradientWeightingActive .......................................................................................................................457 setLearning...................................................................................................................................................458 setLearningOnReset....................................................................................................................................458 setUpdateEvery............................................................................................................................................458 setWeightingFilePath...................................................................................................................................459 updateEvery..................................................................................................................................................459 weightingFilePath.........................................................................................................................................459 Dynamic Control........................................................................460 DynamicControl Macro Actions .................................................................................................................460 fixedPointMode.............................................................................................................................................460 samples .........................................................................................................................................................460 setFixedPointMode......................................................................................................................................461 setSamples ...................................................................................................................................................461 setZeroState .................................................................................................................................................461 setZeroStateEpoch......................................................................................................................................461 zeroState .......................................................................................................................................................462 zeroStateEpoch............................................................................................................................................462 Static Control ............................................................................462 StaticControl Macro Actions.......................................................................................................................462 activeDataSet...............................................................................................................................................465 autoIncrement...............................................................................................................................................465 closeMacro....................................................................................................................................................466 codeGenProjectPath ...................................................................................................................................466 codeGenTargetPath ....................................................................................................................................466 compileSourceCode....................................................................................................................................466 debugSourceCode.......................................................................................................................................467 dither..............................................................................................................................................................467 dualName......................................................................................................................................................467 elapsedTimeInSeconds...............................................................................................................................467 epochCounter...............................................................................................................................................468 epochs ...........................................................................................................................................................468 epochsPerTest.............................................................................................................................................468 executableFilePath ......................................................................................................................................468 exemplarCounter..........................................................................................................................................469 exemplars ......................................................................................................................................................469 forceWindowOnTop.....................................................................................................................................469 learning..........................................................................................................................................................469 jogNetworkWeights ......................................................................................................................................470 loadWeights ..................................................................................................................................................470 openMacro....................................................................................................................................................470 pauseNetwork...............................................................................................................................................471 postRunMacro..............................................................................................................................................471 preRunMacro................................................................................................................................................471 12
- 13. randomizeNetworkWeights.........................................................................................................................471 resetNetwork.................................................................................................................................................472 runCompiledCode........................................................................................................................................472 runNetwork....................................................................................................................................................472 runSensitivity.................................................................................................................................................472 saveWeights .................................................................................................................................................473 setActiveDataSet..........................................................................................................................................473 setAutoIncrement.........................................................................................................................................473 setCloseMacro..............................................................................................................................................474 setCodeGenProjectPath .............................................................................................................................474 setCodeGenTargetPath..............................................................................................................................474 setDither........................................................................................................................................................474 setEpochCounter.........................................................................................................................................475 setEpochs......................................................................................................................................................475 setEpochsPerTest........................................................................................................................................475 setExemplarCounter....................................................................................................................................476 setExemplars ................................................................................................................................................476 setForceWindowOnTop..............................................................................................................................476 setLearning...................................................................................................................................................477 setOpenMacro..............................................................................................................................................477 setPostRunMacro.........................................................................................................................................477 setPreRunMacro..........................................................................................................................................477 setShowExemplars ......................................................................................................................................478 setUpdateDisplayByEpoch.........................................................................................................................478 setUpdateDisplayEvery...............................................................................................................................478 setUseName.................................................................................................................................................479 setXValDataSet............................................................................................................................................479 setZeroOnReset...........................................................................................................................................479 showExemplars ............................................................................................................................................480 stepEpoch.....................................................................................................................................................480 stepExemplar................................................................................................................................................480 stopNetwork..................................................................................................................................................480 updateDisplayByEpoch...............................................................................................................................481 updateDisplayEvery.....................................................................................................................................481 useName.......................................................................................................................................................481 xValDataSet..................................................................................................................................................481 zeroOnReset.................................................................................................................................................482 ErrorCriteria Family ...............................................................................482 L1Criterion ......................................................................................482 L2Criterion ......................................................................................483 L2TemporalCriterion........................................................................484 LpCriterion ......................................................................................485 LinfinityCriterion ..............................................................................486 SVML2Criterion ...............................................................................487 Access Points .................................................................................488 ErrorCriteria Access Points ........................................................488 DLL Implementation.........................................................................489 L1Criterion DLL Implementation .................................................489 L2Criterion DLL Implementation .................................................490 LinfinityCriterion DLL Implementation..........................................491 DeltaBarDelta DLL Implementation .............................................492 Drag and Drop.................................................................................493 ErrorCriteria Drag and Drop .......................................................493 Inspectors .......................................................................................493 ErrorCriteria Inspector................................................................493 L2TemporalCriterion Inspector ...................................................494 Macro Actions .................................................................................496 Criterion ....................................................................................496 Criterion Macro Actions...............................................................................................................................496 autoSave .......................................................................................................................................................497 13
- 14. averageOverUpdates ..................................................................................................................................497 bestCost.........................................................................................................................................................497 checkCostEvery ...........................................................................................................................................498 onIncrease.....................................................................................................................................................498 reportEvery....................................................................................................................................................498 setAutoSave..................................................................................................................................................498 setAverageOverUpdates.............................................................................................................................499 setBestCost...................................................................................................................................................499 setCheckCostEvery .....................................................................................................................................499 setOnIncrease..............................................................................................................................................500 setReportEvery.............................................................................................................................................500 setTrainTest..................................................................................................................................................500 trainTest.........................................................................................................................................................501 GradientSearch Family ..........................................................................501 ConjugateGradient ..........................................................................501 DeltaBarDelta..................................................................................503 Momentum......................................................................................504 Quickprop .......................................................................................506 Step................................................................................................506 SVMStep ........................................................................................507 Access Points .................................................................................508 Momentum Access Points..........................................................508 Quickprop Access Points ...........................................................508 Step Access Points....................................................................508 DLL Implementation.........................................................................509 Momentum DLL Implementation.................................................509 Quickprop DLL Implementation ..................................................510 Step DLL Implementation...........................................................511 Drag and Drop.................................................................................512 GradientSearch Drag and Drop ..................................................512 Inspectors .......................................................................................512 DeltaBarDelta Inspector.............................................................512 Momentum Inspector .................................................................513 Step Inspector ...........................................................................514 Macro Actions .................................................................................515 Delta Bar Delta..........................................................................515 DeltaBarDelta Macro Actions.....................................................................................................................515 beta.................................................................................................................................................................516 kappa .............................................................................................................................................................516 setBeta...........................................................................................................................................................516 setKappa.......................................................................................................................................................517 setZeta...........................................................................................................................................................517 zeta .................................................................................................................................................................517 Momentum................................................................................518 Momentum Macro Actions..........................................................................................................................518 momentumRate............................................................................................................................................518 setMomentumRate.......................................................................................................................................518 Step..........................................................................................518 Step Macro Actions......................................................................................................................................518 broadcastBumpStep....................................................................................................................................519 bumpStep......................................................................................................................................................519 individualSteps .............................................................................................................................................519 normalized.....................................................................................................................................................520 setIndividualSteps ........................................................................................................................................520 setNormalized...............................................................................................................................................520 setStepSize ...................................................................................................................................................521 stepSize .........................................................................................................................................................521 Input Family ..........................................................................................521 Access............................................................................................521 14