1. Python and perL Mara Angelica M. Refraccion BSCS41A

2. Python

5. Very clear, readable syntax

6. Intuitive object orientation

7. Natural expression of procedural code

9. Very high level dynamic data types

10. Extensive standard libraries and third party modules for virtually every task.

11. Extensions and modules easily written in C, C++ (or Java for Jython, or .NET languages for IronPython)

13. Guido van Rossum (Python's principal author, and his continuing central role in deciding the direction of Python is reflected in the title given to him by the Python community, Benevolent Dictator for life(BDFL))

15. Python 3.0 (also known as Python 3000 or py3k was released on 3 December 2008 after a long period of testing.

23. Basic Syntax # # comment # line continuation ; # statement separator (like C) None # NULL not # logical/boolean not returns True/False == != < > <= >= # equality, relational is # object identity is not ** # power (x^y) // # floor division (truncates to integer)

24. float(123) float('123.0') # convert integer/string to float int(1.5) # convert to integer (truncate) bool(x) # convert to boolean hex(15) # convert to string in hex format int('101',2) # convert to int from binary number in string

39. Assert statements are a convenient way to insert debugging assertions into a program.

41. Print evaluates each expression in turn and writes the resulting object to standard output .

43. Import statements are executed in two steps: (1) find a module, and initialize it if necessary; (2) define a name or names in the local namespace (of the scope where the import statement occurs).

49. Perl is stable and cross-platform programming language.

50. It has inherited the best features from C, Basic and other programming languages.

52. Perl is extensible and can be integrated with C and C++.

53. Perl is best known for powerful text processing engine.

55. Perl is a open source software licensed under GNU public license

57. Perl 2 released in 1988 with better and improved regular exprssion engine

59. Perl interpreter was completely rewritten and released in 1994 as Perl verison 5.

62. C/C++ version requires more lines of code compared with Perl.

66. Parsing & Optimization (Compilation) Parsing involves checks to ensure the program being executed conforms to the language specication and builds a parse tree internally which describes the program in terms of microoperations internal to Perl (opcode).

73. Arithmetic operators manipulate on numeric scalar data. Perl can evaluate an arithmetic expression, in a way similar to our daily-life mathematics. Operator Description + Addition operator - Subtraction operator * Multiplication operator / Division operator % Modulus operator + Positive sign - Negative sign ++ Autoincrement operator -- Autodecrement operator ** Exponentiation operator

74. Comparison operators are used to compare two pieces of scalar data, e.g. alphabetically or numerically and returns a Boolean value. In Perl, there are two sets of comparison operators. The rst set compares the operands numerically: Operator Description < less than > greater than <= less than or equal to >= greater than or equal to <=> general comparison

75. The second set compares the operands stringwise: Operator Description lt less than gt greater than le less than or equal to ge greater than or equal to cmp general comparison

76. Equality operators compares two pieces of scalar data and returns if their values are identical. They may be considered special cases of comparison operators. Operator Description == equal (numeric comparison) != not equal (numeric comparison) eq equal (stringwise comparison) ne not equal (stringwise comparison)

77. Bitwise operators provide programmers with the capability of performing bitwise calculations. Operator Description << Binary shift left >> Binary shift right & Bitwise AND | Bitwise OR ˆ Bitwise XOR ~ Bitwise NOT

78. Logical operators can be used to do some Boolean logic calculations. Operator Description || or Logical OR && and Logical AND ! not Logical NOT, i.e. negation xor Logical XOR.Exclusive OR

79. test1 test2 and && or || xor true true true true false true false false true true false true false true true false false false false false Test not ! true false false true Table 4.1: Truth table of various Perl logical operators

80. String manipulation operators manipulate on strings. Operator Description x String repetition operator . String concatenation operator