1. Investigation of the Boat House Expert Witnesses: Addie Forgrave, Tommy McVay, Mackenzie Michals, and John Phillips

2. Background Information Beth O’Donnell Barney O’Donnell ?

3. Background Information Helen Redding

5. Scene of Investigation Beaver Island Boat House Ground Level Various samples of blood, flesh, hair, and other materials were collected.

6. Raised Platform (not included in crime scene) Garage Door Garage Door Large Boat on Hoist Scaffolding Pile of Stuff (in a small boat) Raised Platform (not included in the crime scene)

7. Photo Evidence Photo Evidence Image 1

8. Photo Evidence Photo Evidence Image 13

9. Photo Evidence Photo Evidence Image 5

10. Photo Evidence Photo Evidence Image 15

11. Photo Evidence Photo Evidence Image 22

12. Who was at the scene? Helen Redding Barney O’Donnell Beth O’Donnell

13. Comparison of Known Hair to Hair found at the Scene of Investigation

14. Hair Microscopy

15. Scales Coronal Scales Spinous Scales Imbricate Scales

17. Pigment Examples Brown or Blonde Hair Red Hair

19. Medulla Types Uniserial Ladder Multiserial Ladder Lattice Amorphous (Fragmented)

20. Roots

21. Known Hair of Helen Redding Hair Color: Reddish Brown Length: 18.4 cm average Scale Pattern: Imbricate Medulla Area: Absent Medulla

22. Known Hair of Helen Redding Image 7H (40X Magnification) Imbricate scale pattern consistent with the pattern expected for human hair

23. Helen Redding Image 8H (At 10X Magnification) Helen’s hair consistently showed an absent medulla. The pigments in her hair also were mostly in the center away from the cuticle.

24. MM9 vs Known Redding Scale Pattern 1H (at 40x Magnification) MM9 Known Redding

25. MM9 vs Known Redding Medulla 2H (at 10x Magnification) Image 8H (At 10X Magnification) MM9 Known Redding

26. MM9 vs Known Redding MM9 Color: Reddish Brown Length: 20.3 cm Known Redding Color: Reddish Brown Length: 18.4 cm 4H (at 10x Magnification)

27. MM13 vs Known Redding Scale Pattern 23H (at 40x Magnification) Known Redding MM13

28. MM13 vs Known Redding Medulla Image 8H (At 10X Magnification) 27H (at 40x Magnification) MM13 Known Redding

29. MM13 vs Known Redding MM13 Color: Light Brownish Red Length: 17.2 cm No roots indicated Known Redding Color: Reddish Brown Length: 18.4 cm average

30. MM13 MM9 Hairs consistent with the known hair of Helen Redding

31. Known Hair of Beth O’Donnell Color: Light and Dark Brown Length: 28 cm average Scale Pattern: Imbricate Medulla Area: Vary Sparse Amorphous Fragmented Medulla

32. Known Hair of Beth O’Donnell Image 10H (At 40X Magnification) Beth’s hair has an imbricate scale pattern.

33. Known Hair of Beth O’Donnell Image 12H (At 10X Magnification) Image 34H (At 10X Magnification)

34. MM10 vs Known Beth O’Donnell Scale Pattern Image 10H (At 40X Magnification) 22H (at 40x Magnification) MM10 Known O’Donnell

35. MM10 vsKnown Beth O’Donnell Medulla 24H (at 10x Magnification) Image 34H (At 10X Magnification) MM10 Known Mrs. O’Donnell

36. MM10 vsKnown Beth O’Donnell Medulla Image 12H (At 10X Magnification) 25H (at 10x Magnification) MM10 Known O’Donnell

37. MM10 vsKnown Beth O’Donnell MM10 Known Mrs. O’Donnell Color: Blonde – Brown Length: 4.5 cm – 14.5 cm No roots indicated Color: Light Brown – Brown Length: 28 cm average

38. MM12 vs Known Mrs. O’Donnell Scale Pattern Image 10H (At 40X Magnification) 20H (at 40x Magnification) MM12 Known Mrs. O’Donnell

39. MM12 vs Known Mrs. O’Donnell Medulla Image 12H (At 10X Magnification) 30H (at 10x Magnification) MM12 Known Mrs. O’Donnell

40. MM12 vs Known Mrs. O’Donnell MM12 Color: Blonde – Brown Length: 14 cm No roots indicated Known Mrs. O’Donnell Color: Light Brown – Dark Brown Length: 28 cm average

41. JP9 vs Known Mrs. O’Donnell Scale Pattern 5H (at 10x Magnification) Image 10H (At 40X Magnification) JP9 Known Mrs. O’Donnell

42. JP9 vs Known Mrs. O’Donnell Medulla 40H (at 40x Magnification) Image 34H (At 10X Magnification) Image 12H (At 10X Magnification) 39H (at 40x Magnification) Known Mrs. O’Donnell JP9

43. JP9 vs Known Mrs. O’Donnell JP9 Color: Brown Length: 34.5 cm Known Mrs. O’Donnell Color: Light Brown – Dark Brown Length: 28 cm average 9H (at 10x Magnification)

44. AF4 vs Known Mrs. O’Donnell Scale Pattern 14H (at 40x Magnification) Image 10H (At 40X Magnification) AF4 Known Mrs. O’Donnell

45. AF4 vs Known Mrs. O’Donnell Medulla Image 12H (At 10X Magnification) 17H (at 10x Magnification) AF4 Known Mrs. O’Donnell

46. AF4 vs Known Mrs. O’Donnell AF4 Color: Brown Length: 32.4 cm Club root indicated Known Mrs. O’Donnell Color: Light Brown – Dark Brown Length: 28 cm average

47. MM10 AF4 JP9 AF11 Hairs consistent with the known hair of Beth O’Donnell

48. Other Hairs on the Scene JP13 Dog Hair Spayed Root Continuous Amorphous Medulla Spayed Root 21H (at 10x Magnification) Continuous Amorphous Medulla Both Images:http://www.fbi.gov/hq/lab/fsc/backissu/july2004/research/2004_03_research02.htm 38H (at 10x Magnification)

49. MM13 MM10 AF4 JP9 MM9 AF11 JP13 Consistent with Helen’s Hair All of the hairs found that are consistent with the known hair of Helen, Barney, and Beth Consistent with Beth’s Hair

50. DNA Evidence Found at the Scene of Investigation

51. DNA Testing What is DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Structural Units called nucleotides 1 billion nucleotides in the DNA of any given human Mutation rate of 5 x 10-3 Roughly 200,000 mutations per individual Therefore different individuals have a very low probability of similarity in their DNA Alleles Alleles code for traits, for each trait there are two alleles at a locus One allele comes from an individuals mother, one from the father 5 loci are selected for DNA testing in this case The probability of two separate individuals being identical at all 5 loci is greater than 1.0 x 1030 for all three individuals

52. PCR DNA is able to be identified through Polymerase Chain Reaction The body naturally synthesizes DNA using a number of enzymes Mimicked by using heat and adding chemicals to replace enzymes DNA is broken apart, fragments called DNA primers attach to the DNA and copy the template to create new DNA This process fluctuates with controlled temperature and is repeated about 30 times.

53. JP4 AF12 JP5 JP6 JP8 (on anchor) AF3 (on propeller) AF7 (on boat) JP7 AF10 (on wall) AF8 AF5 (newspaper under boat) AF9 JP3 AF6 (newspaper under boat) JP10 JP11 (under boat) TM6 JP1 MM8 MM6 AF1 MM3 Blood Found MM7 TM3 Flesh Found MM4 TM5 TM4 MM2 TM1

54. TW1: Blood Spatter near the entrance of the boathouse

55. TM5: A scaffold jack covered in blood surrounded by tissue in front of the boat

56. AF 1: Tissue on the floor in front of the boat

57. JP11: Bloody rope underneath the boat

58. AF8: Tissue near the dinghy in the back of the boathouse

59. AF10: Bloody handprint on the wall near back corner of boathouse. Flashlight for scale

60. AF3: Blood and tissue on the boat’s propeller

61. AF5: Bloody newspaper under rear of the boat: Traverse City Record Eagle

62. AF7: Blood on trim on stern of boat

63. JP8: Blood on anchor in back corner of the boathouse

64. AF12: Blood and tissue on ground behind boat

65. AF12 (on propeller) AF3 JP8 (on anchor) AF7 (on boat) AF10 (on wall) AF8 AF5 (newspaper) JP11 (under boat) Blood consistent with Helen’s DNA AF1 Flesh consistent with Helen’s DNA Blood consistent with Barney’s DNA TM5 Flesh consistent with Barney’s DNA Blood consistent with Beth’s DNA Flesh consistent with Beth’s DNA TM1

66. Coroners Report 2 Bodies Found: Helen and Beth

67. Photo Evidence Image 22 Photo Evidence Image 10

68. Conclusions Front of Boat: DNA consistent with known samples of Mrs. Redding. Side of Boat DNA consistent with known samples of Mrs. Redding. Boat Propeller/Back of Boat DNA consistent with known samples of Mr. O’Donnell.

69. Conclusions Consistent with Mrs. Redding’s DNA samples. Photo Evidence #10 Photo Evidence #19

70. Conclusions Pile of jacks found to the left of the boat. Photo Evidence #4

71. Conclusions Consistent with known samples of Mrs. O’Donnell Photo Evidence #20 Photo Evidence #22