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"Beyond the barcode. How
                 RFID is changing library
                     management"
Library RFID




                        Mick Fortune
                    Library RFID Limited
Who is Mick Fortune?
               • 30+ years in library automation
               • Library adviser on RFID
                  – Expert Member British Standards Institute, ISO
               • Co-founder of IFLA Special Interest Group
               • Chair of UK Library RFID standards committee:
Library RFID




                  – Members include:
                    3M, Bibliotheca, Axiell, SirsiDynix, Capita…
               • Blogs at www.mickfortune.com/Wordpress
Agenda
               •   Quick overview of the technology
               •   How libraries use it
               •   Some things to consider
               •   Questions?
Library RFID
What exactly is RFID?
               Radio Frequency IDentification
                 • Uses radio to access data stored on ‘chips’
                     over distance.
                 • Read/Write
                 • Chips are attached to “form factors” (which
Library RFID




                     may be a label, a card - or even a person)
                 • Libraries usually call them “tags”
Uses many different
                                  frequencies…
Band                 LF                   HF                            UHF                       Microwave
Frequency        30–300kHz            3–30MHz                      300 MHz–3GHz                    2–30 GHz
Typical RFID      125–134
                                     13.56 MHz           433 MHz or 865 – 956MHz 2.45 GHz           2.45 GHz
Frequencies         kHz
Approximate     less than 0.5                            433 MHz = up to 100 metres 865-
                                  Up to 1.5 metres                                                 Up to 10m
read range          metre                                    956 MHz = 0.5 to 5 metres
                 less than 1
Typical data     kilobit per                               433–956 = 30 kbit/s 2.45 =100
                               Approximately 25 kbit/s                                          Up to 100 kbit/s
transfer rate      second                                              kbit/s
 Library RFID




                   (kbit/s)
                Short-range,
                  low data
                              Higher ranges, reasonable                                       Long range, high data
                   transfer                             Long ranges, high data transfer rate,
                              data rate (similar to GSM                                       transfer rate, cannot
Characteristics      rate,                                concurrent read of <100 items,
                              phone), penetrates water                                         penetrate water or
                 penetrates                              cannot penetrate water or metals
                                   but not metal.                                                    metal
                  water but
                 not metal.
…to manage very different
                           things
               •   Road Tolls
               •   Travelcards
               •   Drug security
               •   Passports
Library RFID




               •   Even cats
Library RFID   Including of course…Libraries!
RFID in the library
Library RFID
Typical Library Tag Structure

                                          “Chip”
               Aerial
Library RFID




                                          “Form factor”
Different tags for different
                          media
Library RFID
Comparing barcodes with RFID
               • Barcode
                 – Used only for identification (within a single library)
                 – Processes items one at a time
                 – Mostly for circulation
               • RFID
Library RFID




                 –   Used in national inter-lending schemes
                 –   Combines security and circulation (and more)
                 –   Multiple item processing
                 –   Can carry many pieces of information
                 –   Used for many library operations
Building a library RFID application
                            is different
               • Most non-library RFID solutions are “stand
                 alone”
                 – Designed to solve a particular problem or
                   deliver a specific service
               • However most library solutions connect to
Library RFID




                 another application.
                 – Example: an LMS/ILS
A typical RFID application:
                               Self Service


               Processes
               rules          Sends data to               Reads data
                              LMS                         from items
                     Library
                     Managem
Library RFID




                     ent   Sends data to                  Clears
                     System device
                           RFID                           security
               Library
                     (LMS)
               Management                RFID Device(s)                Item(s)
               System (LMS)
But things are changing…
                             rapidly
               • New ways to connect LMS/RFID
                 – SIP 3.0/NCIP
                    • Was 3M, now NISO
                 – BLCF
                    • UK initiative – interest in USA
               • New data standards (published 2011)
Library RFID




                 – More ‘open’ market
                 – Greater competition
                 – Faster development – new applications
Library RFID   ...for sorting and shelving
…receiving stock, tracing..etc.
Library RFID
Things to consider…
Library RFID
Think about…

               •   Integrate or stand alone?
               •   Choosing your radio frequency
               •   Using data standards?
               •
Library RFID




                   Interoperability
Advantages of integration
               • Greater consistency of rules and policies
               • Access to existing database and
                 applications
               • Easier to maintain of database integrity
               • Staff mediation if system fails
Library RFID
Choosing your radio frequency
               • UHF
                 – Long range characteristic is both good and
                   bad
                 – Currently does not support data standards
                 – Cheaper tags
Library RFID




               • HF
                 – Most popular with libraries worldwide
                 – Supports data standards
                 – Greater precision
Advantages of using data
                         standards
               • National data models have been agreed
                 for many countries – most are based on
                 ISO 28560
               • Guarantees future transferability of
                 solutions between providers
Library RFID




               • Allows you to take advantage of new
                 developments, and to use different
                 applications and hardware from different
                 suppliers
Interoperability
               • To work with other RFID solutions you will need
                 to know:
                  – What standards are being used for data storage/radio
                    communications/integration?
                  – What data model is being used (is it
                    national/proprietary)?
Library RFID




               • To work with other library applications you will
                 need to consider
                  – How data is transferred? (communications protocols)
                  – What information is being used?
                    (data protocols)
Summary
               • RFID is a relatively simple technology with
                 some relatively complex issues
               • Recent changes have helped reduce risks
                 and maximise opportunities
               • Don’t consider RFID in isolation – need to
Library RFID




                 think about integration/interoperability –
                 the big picture!
               • Help is available!
Thank you! - Questions?
Library RFID




               Library RFID Ltd
               e. mick@libraryrfid.co.uk w. www.libraryrfid.co.uk
               @libraryrfid

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Presentation to Konferencja Biblioteki PL

  • 1. "Beyond the barcode. How RFID is changing library management" Library RFID Mick Fortune Library RFID Limited
  • 2. Who is Mick Fortune? • 30+ years in library automation • Library adviser on RFID – Expert Member British Standards Institute, ISO • Co-founder of IFLA Special Interest Group • Chair of UK Library RFID standards committee: Library RFID – Members include: 3M, Bibliotheca, Axiell, SirsiDynix, Capita… • Blogs at www.mickfortune.com/Wordpress
  • 3. Agenda • Quick overview of the technology • How libraries use it • Some things to consider • Questions? Library RFID
  • 4. What exactly is RFID? Radio Frequency IDentification • Uses radio to access data stored on ‘chips’ over distance. • Read/Write • Chips are attached to “form factors” (which Library RFID may be a label, a card - or even a person) • Libraries usually call them “tags”
  • 5. Uses many different frequencies… Band LF HF UHF Microwave Frequency 30–300kHz 3–30MHz 300 MHz–3GHz 2–30 GHz Typical RFID 125–134 13.56 MHz 433 MHz or 865 – 956MHz 2.45 GHz 2.45 GHz Frequencies kHz Approximate less than 0.5 433 MHz = up to 100 metres 865- Up to 1.5 metres Up to 10m read range metre 956 MHz = 0.5 to 5 metres less than 1 Typical data kilobit per 433–956 = 30 kbit/s 2.45 =100 Approximately 25 kbit/s Up to 100 kbit/s transfer rate second kbit/s Library RFID (kbit/s) Short-range, low data Higher ranges, reasonable Long range, high data transfer Long ranges, high data transfer rate, data rate (similar to GSM transfer rate, cannot Characteristics rate, concurrent read of <100 items, phone), penetrates water penetrate water or penetrates cannot penetrate water or metals but not metal. metal water but not metal.
  • 6. …to manage very different things • Road Tolls • Travelcards • Drug security • Passports Library RFID • Even cats
  • 7. Library RFID Including of course…Libraries!
  • 8. RFID in the library Library RFID
  • 9. Typical Library Tag Structure “Chip” Aerial Library RFID “Form factor”
  • 10. Different tags for different media Library RFID
  • 11. Comparing barcodes with RFID • Barcode – Used only for identification (within a single library) – Processes items one at a time – Mostly for circulation • RFID Library RFID – Used in national inter-lending schemes – Combines security and circulation (and more) – Multiple item processing – Can carry many pieces of information – Used for many library operations
  • 12. Building a library RFID application is different • Most non-library RFID solutions are “stand alone” – Designed to solve a particular problem or deliver a specific service • However most library solutions connect to Library RFID another application. – Example: an LMS/ILS
  • 13. A typical RFID application: Self Service Processes rules Sends data to Reads data LMS from items Library Managem Library RFID ent Sends data to Clears System device RFID security Library (LMS) Management RFID Device(s) Item(s) System (LMS)
  • 14. But things are changing… rapidly • New ways to connect LMS/RFID – SIP 3.0/NCIP • Was 3M, now NISO – BLCF • UK initiative – interest in USA • New data standards (published 2011) Library RFID – More ‘open’ market – Greater competition – Faster development – new applications
  • 15. Library RFID ...for sorting and shelving
  • 18. Think about… • Integrate or stand alone? • Choosing your radio frequency • Using data standards? • Library RFID Interoperability
  • 19. Advantages of integration • Greater consistency of rules and policies • Access to existing database and applications • Easier to maintain of database integrity • Staff mediation if system fails Library RFID
  • 20. Choosing your radio frequency • UHF – Long range characteristic is both good and bad – Currently does not support data standards – Cheaper tags Library RFID • HF – Most popular with libraries worldwide – Supports data standards – Greater precision
  • 21. Advantages of using data standards • National data models have been agreed for many countries – most are based on ISO 28560 • Guarantees future transferability of solutions between providers Library RFID • Allows you to take advantage of new developments, and to use different applications and hardware from different suppliers
  • 22. Interoperability • To work with other RFID solutions you will need to know: – What standards are being used for data storage/radio communications/integration? – What data model is being used (is it national/proprietary)? Library RFID • To work with other library applications you will need to consider – How data is transferred? (communications protocols) – What information is being used? (data protocols)
  • 23. Summary • RFID is a relatively simple technology with some relatively complex issues • Recent changes have helped reduce risks and maximise opportunities • Don’t consider RFID in isolation – need to Library RFID think about integration/interoperability – the big picture! • Help is available!
  • 24. Thank you! - Questions? Library RFID Library RFID Ltd e. mick@libraryrfid.co.uk w. www.libraryrfid.co.uk @libraryrfid

Notas del editor

  1. Most library RFID operates at 13.56MHz (usually called ‘HF’) but some in Asia and Australia have opted for UHF – which doesn’t do self-service well and doesn’t support a data model. Smart cards use a different frequency again.
  2. The basic operation. Note that the LMS stays in control of all decision making – different ways to send data