Water cad v8i user's guide

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-1
1
Chapter
WaterCAD V8i
Getting Started in Bentley WaterCAD V8i
Quick Start Lessons
Understanding the Workspace
Creating Models
Using ModelBuilder to Transfer Existing Data
Applying Elevation Data with TRex
Allocating Demands using LoadBuilder
Reducing Model Complexity with Skelebrator
Scenarios and Alternatives
Modeling Capabilities
Calibrating Your Model with Darwin Calibrator
Optimizing Capital Improvement Plans with Darwin Designer
Optimizing Pump Operations
Optimizing Pump Schedules Using Darwin Scheduler
Presenting Your Results
Importing and Exporting Data
Menus
Technical Reference
DAA038640-1/0001

1-2 Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
Technical Information Resources
Glossary

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-i
WaterCAD V8i 1
Getting Started in Bentley WaterCAD V8i 1
Municipal License Administrator Auto-Configuration 1
Starting Bentley WaterCAD V8i 2
Working with WaterCAD V8i Files 2
Exiting WaterCAD V8i 3
Using Online Help 4
Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT 7
Troubleshooting 7
Checking Your Current Registration Status 8
Application Window Layout 8
Standard Toolbar 9
Edit Toolbar 11
Analysis Toolbar 12
Scenarios Toolbar 14
Compute Toolbar 15
View Toolbar 17
Help Toolbar 19
Layout Toolbar 20
Tools Toolbar 24
Zoom Toolbar 27
Customizing WaterCAD V8i Toolbars and Buttons 29
WaterCAD V8i Dynamic Manager Display 30

1-ii Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
Quick Start Lessons 35
Building a Network and Performing a Steady-State Analysis 35
Extended Period Simulation 54
Scenario Management 64
Reporting Results 74
Automated Fire Flow Analysis 88
Water Quality Analysis 95
Working with Data from External Sources 104
Darwin Designer to Optimize the Setup of a Pipe Network 129
Darwin Designer to Optimize a Pipe Network 137
Energy Costs 167
Pressure Dependent Demands 173
Criticality and Segmentation 199
Understanding the Workspace 217
Stand-Alone 217
The Drawing View 217
PANNING 217
ZOOMING 218
Zoom Dependent Visibility 221
DRAWING STYLE 223
Using Aerial View 223
Using Background Layers 225
IMAGE PROPERTIES 231
SHAPEFILE PROPERTIES 233
DXF PROPERTIES 234
Show Flow Arrows (Stand-Alone) 235
MicroStation Environment 235
Getting Started in the MicroStation environment 236
The MicroStation Environment Graphical Layout 238
MicroStation Project Files 240
SAVING YOUR PROJECT IN MICROSTATION 240
Bentley WaterCAD V8i Element Properties 241
ELEMENT PROPERTIES 241
ELEMENT LEVELS DIALOG 242
TEXT STYLES 242
Working with Elements 242
EDIT ELEMENTS 242
DELETING ELEMENTS 243
MODIFYING ELEMENTS 243

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-iii
CONTEXT MENU 243
Working with Elements Using MicroStation Commands 243
BENTLEY WATERCAD V8I CUSTOM MICROSTATION ENTITIES 243
MICROSTATION COMMANDS 244
MOVING ELEMENTS 244
MOVING ELEMENT LABELS 244
SNAP MENU 245
BACKGROUND FILES 245
IMPORT BENTLEY WATERCAD V8I 245
ANNOTATION DISPLAY 245
MULTIPLE MODELS 245
Working in AutoCAD 245
The AutoCAD Workspace 247
AUTOCAD INTEGRATION WITH WATERCAD V8I 247
GETTING STARTED WITHIN AUTOCAD 248
MENUS 248
TOOLBARS 249
DRAWING SETUP 249
SYMBOL VISIBILITY 249
AUTOCAD PROJECT FILES 249
DRAWING SYNCHRONIZATION 250
SAVING THE DRAWING AS DRAWING*.DWG 251
Working with Elements Using AutoCAD Commands 251
WATERCAD V8I CUSTOM AUTOCAD ENTITIES 252
EXPLODE ELEMENTS 253
MOVING ELEMENTS 253
MOVING ELEMENT LABELS 253
SNAP MENU 253
POLYGON ELEMENT VISIBILITY 253
UNDO/REDO 254
CONTOUR LABELING 254
Google Earth Export 255
Google Earth Export from the MicroStation Platform 256
Google Earth Export from ArcGIS 258
Using a Google Earth View as a Background Layer to Draw a Model 260
Creating Models 267
Starting a Project 267
Bentley WaterCAD V8i Projects 268
Setting Project Properties 269
Setting Options 270
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - GLOBAL TAB 271
Stored Prompt Responses Dialog Box 275
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - PROJECT TAB 276
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - DRAWING TAB 278

1-iv Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - UNITS TAB 280
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - LABELING TAB 283
OPTIONS DIALOG BOX - PROJECTWISE TAB 284
Working with ProjectWise 285
ABOUT PROJECTWISE GEOSPATIAL 291
Maintaining Project Geometry 292
Setting the Project Spatial Reference System 292
Interaction with ProjectWise Explorer 293
Elements and Element Attributes 295
Pipes 296
MINOR LOSSES DIALOG BOX 298
MINOR LOSS COEFFICIENTS DIALOG BOX 300
WAVE SPEED CALCULATOR 302
Junctions 304
DEMAND COLLECTION DIALOG BOX 305
UNIT DEMAND COLLECTION DIALOG BOX 305
Hydrants 306
HYDRANT FLOW CURVE MANAGER 306
HYDRANT FLOW CURVE EDITOR 307
HYDRANT LATERAL LOSS 309
Tanks 309
Reservoirs 311
Pumps 312
PUMP DEFINITIONS DIALOG BOX 313
Efficiency Points Table 321
PUMP CURVE DIALOG BOX 321
FLOW-EFFICIENCY CURVE DIALOG BOX 322
SPEED-EFFICIENCY CURVE DIALOG BOX 323
PUMP AND MOTOR INERTIA CALCULATOR 323
Variable Speed Pump Battery 324
Valves 325
DEFINING VALVE CHARACTERISTICS 329
Valve Characteristics Dialog Box 330
Valve Characteristic Curve Dialog Box 332
GENERAL NOTE ABOUT LOSS COEFFICIENTS ON VALVES 333
Spot Elevations 333
Turbines 333
IMPULSE TURBINE 336
REACTION TURBINES 337
MODELING HYDRAULIC TRANSIENTS IN HYDROPOWER PLANTS 339
TURBINE PARAMETERS IN HAMMER 343
TURBINE CURVE DIALOG BOX 344
Periodic Head-Flow Elements 345
PERIODIC HEAD-FLOW PATTERN DIALOG BOX 345
Air Valves 346
Hydropneumatic Tanks 349
VARIABLE ELEVATION CURVE DIALOG BOX 351

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-v
Surge Valves 352
Check Valves 353
Rupture Disks 354
Discharge to Atmosphere Elements 354
Orifice Between Pipes Elements 356
Valve with Linear Area Change Elements 357
Surge Tanks 357
Other Tools 362
BORDER TOOL 363
TEXT TOOL 363
LINE TOOL 364
How The Pressure Engine Loads Bentley HAMMER Elements 365
Adding Elements to Your Model 366
Manipulating Elements 367
Select Elements 367
Splitting Pipes 369
Reconnect Pipes 370
Modeling Curved Pipes 370
POLYLINE VERTICES DIALOG BOX 371
Assign Isolation Valves to Pipes Dialog Box 371
Batch Pipe Split Dialog Box 373
BATCH PIPE SPLIT WORKFLOW 374
Merge Nodes in Close Proximity 375
Editing Element Attributes 376
Property Editor 376
LABELING ELEMENTS 379
RELABELING ELEMENTS 379
SET FIELD OPTIONS DIALOG BOX 379
Using Named Views 380
Using Selection Sets 382
Selection Sets Manager 383
Group-Level Operations on Selection Sets 389
Using the Network Navigator 390
Using the Duplicate Labels Query 396
Using the Pressure Zone Manager 397
Pressure Zone Export Dialog Box 406
Pressure Zone Flow Balance Tool Dialog Box 407
Using Prototypes 408
Zones 412
Engineering Libraries 414
Hyperlinks 417
Using Queries 425

1-vi Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
Queries Manager 425
QUERY PARAMETERS DIALOG BOX 428
Creating Queries 429
USING THE LIKE OPERATOR 434
User Data Extensions 436
User Data Extensions Dialog Box 439
Sharing User Data Extensions Among Element Types 443
Shared Field Specification Dialog Box 444
Enumeration Editor Dialog Box 445
User Data Extensions Import Dialog Box 446
Customization Manager 446
Customization Editor Dialog Box 447
Using ModelBuilder to Transfer Existing Data 449
Preparing to Use ModelBuilder 449
ModelBuilder Connections Manager 452
ModelBuilder Wizard 456
Step 1—Specify Data Source 457
Step 2—Specify Spatial Options 459
Step 3 - Specify Element Create/Remove/Update Options 461
Step 4—Additional Options 463
Step 5—Specify Field mappings for each Table/Feature Class 466
Step 6—Build operation Confirmation 470
Reviewing Your Results 471
Multi-select Data Source Types 471
ModelBuilder Warnings and Error Messages 471
Warnings 472
Error Messages 473
ESRI ArcGIS Geodatabase Support 474
Geodatabase Features 474
Geometric Networks 475
ArcGIS Geodatabase Features versus ArcGIS Geometric Network 475
Subtypes 476
SDE (Spatial Database Engine) 476
Specifying Network Connectivity in ModelBuilder 476
Sample Spreadsheet Data Source 478
The GIS-ID Property 479
GIS-ID Collection Dialog Box 480
Specifying a SQL WHERE clause in ModelBuilder 481
Modelbuilder Import Procedures 481
Importing Pump Definitions Using ModelBuilder 482

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-vii
Using ModelBuilder to Import Pump Curves 487
Using ModelBuilder to Import Patterns 491
Using ModelBuilder to Import Time Series Data 495
Oracle as a Data Source for ModelBuilder 501
Oracle/ArcSDE Behavior 502
Applying Elevation Data with TRex 503
The Importance of Accurate Elevation Data 503
Numerical Value of Elevation 504
Accuracy and Precision 505
Obtaining Elevation Data 505
Record Types 507
Calibration Nodes 508
TRex Terrain Extractor 508
TRex Wizard 510
Allocating Demands using LoadBuilder 517
Using GIS for Demand Allocation 517
Allocation 518
Billing Meter Aggregation 520
Distribution 521
Projection 523
Using LoadBuilder to Assign Loading Data 524
LoadBuilder Manager 524
LoadBuilder Wizard 525
LoadBuilder Run Summary 537
Unit Line Method 537
Generating Thiessen Polygons 539
Thiessen Polygon Creator Dialog Box 542
Creating Boundary Polygon Feature Classes 544
Demand Control Center 545
Apply Demand and Pattern to Selection Dialog Box 548
Unit Demands Dialog Box 550
Unit Demand Control Center 553
Pressure Dependent Demands 555
Reducing Model Complexity with Skelebrator 561
Skeletonization 562

1-viii Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
Skeletonization Example 563
Common Automated Skeletonization Techniques 565
Generic—Data Scrubbing 565
Generic—Branch Trimming 565
Generic—Series Pipe Removal 566
Skeletonization Using Skelebrator 567
Skelebrator—Smart Pipe Removal 567
Skelebrator—Branch Collapsing 568
Skelebrator—Series Pipe Merging 569
Skelebrator—Parallel Pipe Merging 571
Skelebrator—Other Skelebrator Features 572
Skelebrator—Conclusion 573
Using the Skelebrator Software 574
Skeletonizer Manager 575
BATCH RUN 579
PROTECTED ELEMENTS MANAGER 581
Selecting Elements from Skelebrator 581
Manual Skeletonization 584
Branch Collapsing Operations 586
Parallel Pipe Merging Operations 588
Series Pipe Merging Operations 590
Smart Pipe Removal Operations 594
Conditions and Tolerances 596
PIPE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCES 597
JUNCTION CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCES 597
Skelebrator Progress Summary Dialog Box 598
Backing Up Your Model 599
Skeletonization and Scenarios 599
Importing/Exporting Skelebrator Settings 600
Skeletonization and Active Topology 602
Scenarios and Alternatives 603
Understanding Scenarios and Alternatives 603
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advantages of Automated Scenario Management 603
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A History of What-If Analyses 604
Distributed Scenarios 604
Self-Contained Scenarios 605
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The Scenario Cycle 606
606
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scenario Attributes and Alternatives 607
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A Familiar Parallel 607
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Inheritance 608
OVERRIDING INHERITANCE 609
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DYNAMIC INHERITANCE 609

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-ix
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Local and Inherited Values 610
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimizing Effort through Attribute Inheritance 610
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Minimizing Effort through Scenario Inheritance 611
Scenario Example - A Water Distribution System 612
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building the Model (Average Day Conditions) 612
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Analyzing Different Demands (Maximum Day Conditions) 613
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Another Set of Demands (Peak Hour Conditions) 614
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Correcting an Error 614
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Analyzing Improvement Suggestions 615
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finalizing the Project 615
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advantages to Automated Scenario Management 616
Scenarios 617
Scenarios Manager 617
Base and Child Scenarios 618
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating Scenarios 619
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITING SCENARIOS 620
Scenario Comparison Dialog Box 620
Running Multiple Scenarios at Once (Batch Runs) 620
Batch Run Editor Dialog Box 622
Alternatives 622
Alternatives Manager 623
Alternative Editor Dialog Box 625
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Base and Child Alternatives 626
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creating Alternatives 626
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editing Alternatives 627
Active Topology Alternative 628
Physical Alternative 630
Demand Alternatives 631
Initial Settings Alternative 632
Operational Alternatives 633
Age Alternatives 634
Constituent Alternatives 635
CONSTITUENTS MANAGER DIALOG BOX 636
Trace Alternative 637
Fire Flow Alternative 638
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .FILTER DIALOG BOX 643
Energy Cost Alternative 644
Pressure Dependent Demand Alternative 645
Transient Alternative 646
Flushing Alternative 647
User Data Extensions 649
Scenario Comparison 649
Scenario Comparison Options Dialog Box 652

1-x Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
Scenario Comparison Collection Dialog Box 653
Modeling Capabilities 655
Model and Optimize a Distribution System 656
Steady-State/Extended Period Simulation 657
Steady-State Simulation 657
Extended Period Simulation (EPS) 657
EPS RESULTS BROWSER 658
EPS Results Browser Options 660
Hydraulic Transient Pressure Analysis 661
Rigid-Column Simulation 662
Data Requirements and Boundary Conditions 663
Analysis of Transient Forces 664
Infrastructure and Risk Management 665
Water Column Separation and Vapor Pockets 666
GLOBAL ADJUSTMENT TO VAPOR PRESSURE 667
GLOBAL ADJUSTMENT TO PIPE ELEVATIONS 667
GLOBAL ADJUSTMENT TO WAVE SPEED 667
AUTOMATIC OR DIRECT SELECTION OF THE TIME STEP 668
Check Run 668
Orifice Demand and Intrusion Potential 669
Numerical Model Calibration and Validation 670
GATHERING FIELD MEASUREMENTS 672
TIMING AND SHAPE OF TRANSIENT PRESSURE PULSES 673
Steady State Run 673
Global Demand and Roughness Adjustments 674
Check Data/Validate 677
User Notifications 678
User Notification Details Dialog Box 681
Calculate Network 681
Using the Totalizing Flow Meter 682
Totalizing Flow Meters Manager Dialog 682
Totalizing Flow Meter Editor Dialog 683
System Head Curves 685
System Head Curves Manager Dialog 685
Post Calculation Processor 687
Flow Emitters 689
Parallel VSPs 690
Fire Flow Analysis 691
Fire Flow Results 692
Fire Flow Results Browser 693

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-xi
Not Getting Fire Flow at a Junction Node 694
Water Quality Analysis 695
Age Analysis 696
Constituent Analysis 697
Trace Analysis 698
Modeling for IDSE Compliance 698
Criticality Analysis 707
Outage Segments 709
Running Criticality Analysis 710
Understanding shortfalls 711
Criticality Results 711
Segmentation 713
Segmentation Results 717
Outage Segment Results 717
Calculation Options 718
Controlling Results Output 726
Flow Tolerance 728
Patterns 728
Pattern Manager 730
Controls 733
Controls Tab 735
Conditions Tab 739
Actions Tab 746
Control Sets Tab 750
LOGICAL CONTROL SETS DIALOG BOX 751
Control Wizard 752
Active Topology 753
Active Topology Selection Dialog Box 754
External Tools 756
SCADAConnect 757
Mapping SCADA Signals 760
Connection Manager 762
Data Source Manager 764
Custom Queries 765
Flushing Simulation 766
Type of Flushing 766
Starting model 767
Specifying hydrant flows 767
Flushing analysis work flow 767
Flushing Results Browser 775
Modeling Tips 777
Modeling a Hydropneumatic Tank 777
Modeling a Pumped Groundwater Well 778

1-xii Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
Modeling Parallel Pipes 779
Modeling Pumps in Parallel and Series 780
Modeling Hydraulically Close Tanks 781
Modeling Fire Hydrants 781
Modeling a Connection to an Existing Water Main 781
Top Feed/Bottom Gravity Discharge Tank 783
Estimating Hydrant Discharge Using Flow Emitters 784
Modeling Variable Speed Pumps 786
TYPES OF VARIABLE SPEED PUMPS 786
PATTERN BASED 787
FIXED HEAD 787
CONTROLS WITH FIXED HEAD OPERATION 788
PARALLEL VSPS 788
VSP CONTROLLED BY DISCHARGE SIDE TANK 789
VSP CONTROLLED BY SUCTION SIDE TANK 790
FIXED FLOW VSP 791
Calibrating Your Model with Darwin Calibrator 793
Calibration Studies 797
Field Data Snapshots Tab 798
Adjustment Groups 804
GROUP GENERATOR DIALOG BOX 806
Calibration Criteria 806
CALIBRATION CRITERIA FORMULAE 807
Optimized Runs 809
Roughness Tab 809
Demand Tab 810
Status Tab 812
Field Data Tab 812
Options Tab 812
Notes Tab 815
Manual Runs 815
Roughness Tab 815
Demand Tab 816
Status Tab 817
Field Data Tab 817
Notes Tab 817
Calibration Solutions 818
Correlation Graph Dialog Box 820
Calibration Export to Scenario Dialog Box 821
Importing Field Data into Darwin Calibrator Using ModelBuilder 822
Import Snapshots 822
Import Observed Target 823
GA-Optimized Calibration Tips 825

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-xiii
Darwin Calibrator Troubleshooting Tips 827
Optimizing Capital Improvement Plans with Darwin Design-
er 831
Darwin Designer 832
Design Study 833
Design Events tab 837
Boundary Overrides tab 841
Demand Adjustments tab 844
Pressure Constraints tab 846
Flow Constraints tab 848
Design Groups tab and Rehab Groups tab 850
Costs/Properties tab 854
REHABILITATION FUNCTIONS 860
Design Type tab 860
Notes Tab 862
Initialize Table From Selection Set Dialog Box 862
Load From Model Dialog Box 862
Optimized Design Run 863
Design Events tab 864
Design Groups tab 864
Rehab Groups tab 865
Options tab (Optimized Run only) 865
Notes Tab 867
Manual Design Run 867
Compute the Design Run 868
Report Viewer 872
Graph Dialog Box 874
Export to Scenario 879
Schema Augmentation 882
Set Field Options 882
Verification Summary 883
Manual Cost Estimating 884
Initiating Costing Runs 884
Building A Cost Function 885
Identifying Elements for the Cost Calculation 886
Calculating Costs 886
Advanced Darwin Designer Tips 888
Optimizing Pump Operations 897
Energy Costs 897
Energy Costs Manager 897

1-xiv Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
Energy Pricing Manager 900
Energy Cost Analysis Calculations 902
Energy Cost Results 902
COMPARING COST RESULTS ACROSS SCENARIOS 907
Energy Cost Alternative 908
Optimizing Pump Schedules Using Darwin Scheduler 909
Best Practices and Tips 909
Darwin Scheduler 914
Scheduler Study 916
Optimized Run 926
Solutions 935
Scheduler Results Plot 938
Export to Scenario Dialog Box 939
Darwin Scheduler FAQ 939
Presenting Your Results 955
Transients Results Viewer Dialog (New) 955
Profiles Tab 956
TRANSIENT PROFILE VIEWER DIALOG BOX 957
Transient Profile Viewer Options Dialog Box 959
Time Histories Tab 960
ADDITIONALLY, THIS TAB REPORTS THE FOLLOWING TIME HISTORY POINT STATIS-
TICS:TRANSIENT RESULTS GRAPH VIEWER DIALOG BOX 960
Annotating Your Model 961
Using Folders in the Element Symbology Manager 965
Annotation Properties 968
FREE FORM ANNOTATION DIALOG BOX 969
Color Coding A Model 970
Color Coding Legends 974
Contours 974
Contour Definition 976
Contour Plot 978
Contour Browser Dialog Box 979
Enhanced Pressure Contours 980
Using Profiles 980
Profile Setup 982
Profile Series Options Dialog Box 983
Profile Viewer 984
Viewing and Editing Data in FlexTables 992
FlexTables 992
Working with FlexTable Folders 994

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-xv
FlexTable Dialog Box 995
Opening FlexTables 996
Creating a New FlexTable 997
Deleting FlexTables 997
Naming and Renaming FlexTables 997
Editing FlexTables 998
Sorting and Filtering FlexTable Data 1001
CUSTOM SORT DIALOG BOX 1004
Customizing Your FlexTable 1005
Element Relabeling Dialog 1006
FlexTable Setup Dialog Box 1007
Copying, Exporting, and Printing FlexTable Data 1009
Statistics Dialog Box 1011
Reporting 1011
Using Standard Reports 1011
REPORTS FOR INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS 1011
CREATING A SCENARIO SUMMARY REPORT 1012
CREATING A PROJECT INVENTORY REPORT 1012
CREATING A PRESSURE PIPE INVENTORY REPORT 1012
REPORT OPTIONS 1012
Graphs 1013
Graph Manager 1014
ADD TO GRAPH DIALOG BOX 1016
Printing a Graph 1016
Working with Graph Data: Viewing and Copying 1016
Graph Dialog Box 1017
GRAPH SERIES OPTIONS DIALOG BOX 1022
OBSERVED DATA DIALOG BOX 1023
Sample Observed Data Source 1024
Chart Options Dialog Box 1025
Chart Options Dialog Box - Chart Tab 1026
SERIES TAB 1027
PANEL TAB 1027
AXES TAB 1030
GENERAL TAB 1037
TITLES TAB 1038
WALLS TAB 1043
PAGING TAB 1044
LEGEND TAB 1045
3D TAB 1051
Chart Options Dialog Box - Series Tab 1052
FORMAT TAB 1052
POINT TAB 1053
GENERAL TAB 1054
DATA SOURCE TAB 1055
MARKS TAB 1056

1-xvi Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
Chart Options Dialog Box - Tools Tab 1060
Chart Options Dialog Box - Export Tab 1061
Chart Options Dialog Box - Print Tab 1063
Border Editor Dialog Box 1064
Gradient Editor Dialog Box 1065
Color Editor Dialog Box 1066
Color Dialog Box 1066
Hatch Brush Editor Dialog Box 1067
HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - SOLID TAB 1067
HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - HATCH TAB 1068
HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - GRADIENT TAB 1068
HATCH BRUSH EDITOR DIALOG BOX - IMAGE TAB 1069
Pointer Dialog Box 1070
Change Series Title Dialog Box 1071
Chart Tools Gallery Dialog Box 1071
CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - SERIES TAB 1071
CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - AXIS TAB 1075
CHART TOOLS GALLERY DIALOG BOX - OTHER TAB 1078
TeeChart Gallery Dialog Box 1083
SERIES 1083
FUNCTIONS 1084
Customizing a Graph 1084
Time Series Field Data 1089
SELECT ASSOCIATED MODELING ATTRIBUTE DIALOG BOX 1091
Calculation Summary 1092
Calculation Summary Graph Series Options Dialog Box 1093
Print Preview Window 1094
Importing and Exporting Data 1097
Moving Data and Images between Model(s) and other Files 1097
Importing a WaterCAD V8i Database 1099
Exporting a HAMMER v7 Model 1099
Importing and Exporting Epanet Files 1100
Importing and Exporting Submodel Files 1100
Exporting a Submodel 1101
Importing a Bentley Water Model 1101
Oracle Login 1103
Exporting a DXF File 1103
File Upgrade Wizard 1103
Export to Shapefile 1104

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-xvii
Menus 1105
File Menu 1105
Edit Menu 1108
Analysis Menu 1110
Components Menu 1112
View Menu 1114
Tools Menu 1117
Report Menu 1120
Help Menu 1121
1121
Technical Reference 1123
Pressure Network Hydraulics 1123
Network Hydraulics Theory 1123
The Energy Principle 1124
The Energy Equation 1125
Hydraulic and Energy Grades 1126
Conservation of Mass and Energy 1127
The Gradient Algorithm 1128
Derivation of the Gradient Algorithm 1128
The Linear System Equation Solver 1131
Pump Theory 1132
Valve Theory 1136
CHECK VALVES (CVS) 1136
FLOW CONTROL VALVES (FCVS) 1136
PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES (PRVS) 1136
PRESSURE SUSTAINING VALVES (PSVS) 1136
PRESSURE BREAKER VALVES (PBVS) 1136
THROTTLE CONTROL VALVES (TCVS) 1137
GENERAL PURPOSE VALVES (GPVS) 1137
Friction and Minor Loss Methods 1137
Chezy’s Equation 1137
Colebrook-White Equation 1138
Hazen-Williams Equation 1138
Darcy-Weisbach Equation 1139
Swamee and Jain Equation 1140
Manning’s Equation 1141
Minor Losses 1142
Water Quality Theory 1143
Advective Transport in Pipes 1143
Mixing at Pipe Junctions 1143

1-xviii Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
Mixing in Storage Facilities 1144
Bulk Flow Reactions 1145
Pipe Wall Reactions 1147
System of Equations 1149
Lagrangian Transport Algorithm 1149
Engineer’s Reference 1151
Roughness Values—Manning’s Equation 1151
Roughness Values—Darcy-Weisbach Equation (Colebrook-White) 1152
Roughness Values—Hazen-Williams Equation 1152
Typical Roughness Values for Pressure Pipes 1154
Fitting Loss Coefficients 1155
Genetic Algorithms Methodology 1156
Darwin Calibrator Methodology 1156
CALIBRATION FORMULATION 1157
CALIBRATION OBJECTIVES 1158
CALIBRATION CONSTRAINTS 1159
GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZED CALIBRATION 1160
Darwin Designer Methodology 1160
MODEL LEVEL 1: LEAST COST OPTIMIZATION 1161
MODEL LEVEL 2: MAXIMUM BENEFIT OPTIMIZATION 1161
MODEL LEVEL 3: COST-BENEFIT TRADE-OFF OPTIMIZATION 1161
Design Variables 1162
Cost Objective Functions 1162
New Pipe Cost 1162
Rehabilitation Pipe Cost 1163
BENEFIT FUNCTIONS 1163
Pressure Benefits 1164
Design Constraints 1166
MULTI OBJECTIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM OPTIMIZED DESIGN 1168
Competent Genetic Algorithms 1169
Energy Cost Theory 1171
Pump Powers, Efficiencies, and Energy 1174
Water Power 1174
Brake Power and Pump Efficiency 1175
Motor Power and Motor Efficiency 1175
Energy 1176
Cost 1177
Storage Considerations 1177
Daily Cost Equivalents 1178
Variable Speed Pump Theory 1178
VSP Interactions with Simple and Logical Controls 1180
Performing Advanced Analyses 1182
Hydraulic Equivalency Theory 1182
Principles 1182
HAZEN-WILLIAMS EQUATION 1183

Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide 1-xix
MANNING’S EQUATION 1184
DARCY-WEISBACH EQUATION 1185
CHECK VALVES 1187
MINOR LOSSES 1187
NUMERICAL CHECK 1187
Thiessen Polygon Generation Theory 1189
Naïve Method 1189
Plane Sweep Method 1190
Method for Modeling Pressure Dependent Demand 1191
Use Cases 1192
Supply Level Evaluation 1193
Pressure Dependent Demand 1193
Demand Deficit 1194
Solution Methodology 1195
Modified GGA Solution 1196
Direct GGA Solution 1196
References 1197
1201
Technical Information Resources 1203
docs.bentley.com 1204
Bentley Services 1205
Bentley Discussion Groups 1206
Bentley on the Web 1206
TechNotes/Frequently Asked Questions 1206
BE Magazine 1206
BE Newsletter 1206
Client Server 1207
BE Careers Network 1207
Contact Bentley Systems 1207
Glossary 1209
Glossary 1209
A 1209
B 1209
C 1210
D 1211
E 1212
F 1212
G 1213

1-xx Bentley WaterCAD V8i User’s Guide
H 1214
I 1214
L 1215
M 1215
N 1217
O 1217
P 1218
R 1219
S 1219
T 1221
V 1221
W 1222
X 1223

1
Getting Started in
Bentley WaterCAD V8i
Municipal License Administrator Auto-Configuration
Starting Bentley WaterCAD V8i
Working with WaterCAD V8i Files
Exiting WaterCAD V8i
Using Online Help
Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT
Troubleshooting
Checking Your Current Registration Status
Application Window Layout
Municipal License Administrator Auto-
Configuration
At the conclusion of the installation process, the Municipal License Administrator will
be executed, to automatically detect and set the default configuration for your product,
if possible. However, if multiple license configurations are detected on the license
server, you will need to select which one to use by default, each time the product
starts. If this is the case, you will see the following warning: “Multiple license config-
urations are available for WaterCAD V8i...” Simply press OK to clear the Warning
dialog, then press Refresh Configurations to display the list of available configura-
tions. Select one and press Make Default, then exit the License Administrator. (You
only need to repeat this step if you decide to make a different configuration the default
in the future.)

After you have finished installing WaterCAD V8i, restart your system before starting
WaterCAD V8i for the first time.
To start WaterCAD V8i
1. Double-click on the WaterCAD V8i icon on your desktop.
or
2. Click Start > All Programs > Bentley > WaterCAD V8i > WaterCAD V8i.
Working with WaterCAD V8i Files
WaterCAD V8i uses an assortment of data, input, and output files. It is important to
understand which are essential, which are temporary holding places for results and
which must be transmitted when sending a model to another user. In general, the
model is contained in a file with the wtg.mdb extension. This file contains essentially
all of the information needed to run the model. This file can be zipped to dramatically
reduce its size for moving the file.
The .wtg file and the drawing file (.dwh, dgn, dwg or .mdb) file contain user supplied
data that makes it easier to view the model and should also be zipped and transmitted
with the model when moving the model.
Other files found with the model are results files. These can be regenerated by running
the model again. In general these are binary files which can only be read by the model.
Saving these files makes it easy to look at results without the need to rerun the model.
Because they can be easily regenerated, these files can be deleted to save space on the
storage media.
When archiving a model at the end of the study, usually only the *.wtg.mdb, *.wtg
files, and the platform specific supporting files (*.dwh, *.dgn, *.dwg or *.mdb) need
to be saved.The file extensions are explained below:
• .bak - backup files of the model files
• .cri - results of criticality analysis
• .dgn - drawing file for MicroStation platform
• .dwg - drawing file for AutoCAD platform
• .dwh - drawing file for stand alone platform

• .mdb - access database file for ArcGIS platform
• .nrg - results of energy calculations
• .osm - outage segmentation results
• .out - primary output file from hydraulic and water quality analyses
• .out.fl - output file from flushing analysis
• .rpc - report file from hydraulic analysis with user notifications
• .seg - results of segmentation analysis
• wtg.mdb - main model file
• .wtg - display settings (e.g. color coding, annotation)
• .xml - xml files, generally libraries, window and other settings. Some modules
like ModelBuilder also use .xml files to store settings independent of the main
model.
Using the Custom Results File Path Option
When the Specify Custom Results File Path option (found under Tools > Options >
Project Tab) is on for the project, the result files will be stored in the custom path spec-
ified when the project is closed. When the project is open, all of the applicable result
files (if any) will be moved (not copied) to the temporary directory to be worked on.
The result files will then be moved back to the custom directory when the project is
closed.
The advantages of this are that moving a file on disk is very quick, as opposed to
copying a file, which can be very slow. Also, if you have your project stored on a
network drive and you specify a custom results path on your local disk, then you will
avoid network transfer times as well. The disadvantages are that, should the program
crash or the project somehow doesn’t close properly, then the results files will not be
moved back and will be lost.
If you then wish to share these results files with another user of the model, you can use
the Copy Results To Project Directory command (Tools > Database Utilities > Copy
Results To Project Directory) to copy the results files to the saved location of the
model. The user receiving the files may then use the Update Results From Project
Directory command (Tools > Database Utilities > Update Results From Project Direc-
tory) to copy the results files from the project directory to their custom results file
path.
Exiting WaterCAD V8i
To exit WaterCAD V8i

Using Online Help
1. Click the application window's Close icon.
or
From the File menu, choose Exit.
Note: If you have made changes to the project file without saving, the
following dialog box will open. Click Yes to save before exiting, No to
exit without saving, or Cancel to stop the operation.
Using Online Help
WaterCAD V8i Help menu and Help window are used to access WaterCAD
V8i extensive online help.
Context-sensitive online help is available. Hypertext links, which appear in
color and are underlined when you pass the pointer over them, allow you to
move easily between related topics.
Note: Certain Windows DLLs must be present on your computer in order to
use Online Help. Make sure you have Microsoft Internet Explorer
(Version 5.5 or greater) installed. You do not need to change your
default browser as long as Internet Explorer is installed.
To open the Help window
1. From the Help menu, choose WaterCAD V8i Help.
The Help window opens, and the Table of Contents displays.
The Help window consists of two panes - the navigation pane on the left and the
topic pane on the right.
2. To get help on a dialog box control or a selected element:
Press <F1> and the Help window opens (unless it is already open) and shows the
information about the selected element.
Subtopics within a help topic are collapsed by default. While a subtopic is
collapsed only its heading is visible. To make visible a subtopic's body text and
graphics you must expand the subtopic.
To expand a subtopic
Click the expand (+) icon to the left of the subtopic heading or the heading
itself.

To collapse a subtopic
Click the collapse (-) icon to the left of the subtopic heading or the heading
itself.
The navigation pane has the following tabs:
• Contents - used for browsing topics.
• Index - index of help content.
• Search - used for full-text searching of the help content.
• Favorites - customizable list of your favorite topics
To browse topics using the Contents tab
1. On the Contents tab, click the folder symbol next to any book folder (such
as Getting Started, Using Scenarios and Alternatives) to expand its
contents.
2. Continue expanding folders until you reach the desired topic.
3. Select a topic to display its content in the topic pane.
To display the next or previous topic according to the topic order shown in the
Contents tab
To display the next topic, click the right arrow or to display the previous topic, click
the left.
To use the index of help content
1. Click the Index tab.
2. In the search field, type the word you are searching for.
or
Scroll through the index using the scroll bar to find a specific entry.
3. Select the desired entry and click the Display button.
or
Double-click the desired entry.
The content that the selected index entry is referencing displays in the topic pane.

Using Online Help
Note: If you select an entry that has subtopics, a dialog box opens
from which you can select the desired subtopic. In this case,
select the subtopic and click the Display button.
To search for text in the help content
1. Click the Search tab.
2. In the search field, type the word or phrase for which you are searching.
3. Click the List Topics button.
Results of the search display in the list box below the search field.
4. Select the desired topic and click the Display button.
or
Double-click the desired topic.
Search results vary based on the quality of the search criteria entered in the Search
field. The more specific the search criteria, the more narrow the search results. You
can improve your search results by improving the search criteria. For example, a word
is considered to be a group of contiguous alphanumeric characters. A phrase is a
group of words and their punctuation. A search string is a word or phrase on which
you search.
A search string finds any topic that contains all of the words in the string. You
can improve the search by enclosing the search string in quotation marks. This
type of search finds only topics that contain the exact string in the quotation
marks.
To add a help topic to a list of “favorite” help topics
1. In the Contents, Index, or Search tabs, select the desired help topic.
2. Click the Favorites tab.
The selected help topic automatically displays in the “Current topic” field
at the bottom of the tab.
3. Click the Add button.
To display a topic from your Favorites list
1. Click the Favorites tab.
2. In the list box, select the desired topic and click the Display button.
or
Double-click the desired topic.
The selected topic's content displays in the topic pane.

Online help is periodically updated and posted on Bentley's Documentation
Web site, http://docs.bentley.com/ for downloading. On this site you can also
browse the current help content for this product and other Bentley products.
Software Updates via the Web and Bentley SELECT
Bentley SELECT is the comprehensive delivery and support subscription program
that features product updates and upgrades via Web downloads, around-the-clock
technical support, exclusive licensing options, discounts on training and consulting
services, as well as technical information and support channels. It’s easy to stay up-to-
date with the latest advances in our software. Software updates can be downloaded
from our Web site, and your version of Bentley WaterCAD V8i can then be upgraded
to the current version quickly and easily. Just click Check for Updates on the toolbar
to launch your preferred Web browser and open our Web site. The Web site automati-
cally checks to see if your installed version is the latest available, and if not, it
provides you with the opportunity to download the correct upgrade to bring it up-to-
date. You can also access our KnowledgeBase for answers to your Frequently Asked
Questions (FAQs).
Note: Your PC must be connected to the Internet to use the Check for
Updates button.
Troubleshooting
Due to the multitasking capabilities of Windows, you may have applications running
in the background that make it difficult for software setup and installations to deter-
mine the configuration of your current system.
Try these steps before contacting our technical support staff
1. Shut down and restart your computer.
2. Verify that there are no other programs running. You can see applications
currently in use by pressing Ctrl+Shift+Esc in Windows 2000 and Windows XP.
Exit any applications that are running.
3. Disable any antivirus software that you are running.
Caution: After you install Bentley WaterCAD V8i , make certain that
you restart any antivirus software you have disabled. Failure
to restart your antivirus software leaves you exposed to
potentially destructive computer viruses.
4. Try running the installation or uninstallation again (without running any other
program first).

If these steps fail to successfully install or uninstall the product, contact Technical
Support.
After you have registered the software, you can check your current registration status
by opening the About... box from within the software itself.
To view your registration information
1. Select Help > About Bentley WaterCAD V8i .
2. The version and build number for Bentley WaterCAD V8i display in the lower-
left corner of the About Bentley WaterCAD V8i dialog box.
The current registration status is also displayed, including: user name and
company, serial number, license type and check-in status, feature level, expiration
date, and SELECT Server information.
The WaterCAD V8i application window contains toolbars that provide access to
frequently used menu commands and are organized by the type of functionality
offered.
Standard Toolbar
Edit Toolbar
Analysis Toolbar
Scenarios Toolbar
Compute Toolbar
View Toolbar
Help Toolbar
Layout Toolbar
Tools Toolbar
Zoom Toolbar
Customizing WaterCAD V8i Toolbars and Buttons

WaterCAD V8i Dynamic Manager Display
Standard Toolbar
The Standard toolbar contains controls for opening, closing, saving, and printing
WaterCAD V8i projects.

The Standard toolbar is arranged as follows:
To Use
Create a new Bentley WaterCAD V8i project.
When you select this command, the Select
File to Create dialog box opens, allowing you
to define a name and directory location for the
new project.
New
Open an existing Bentley WaterCAD V8i
project. When this command is initialized, the
Select Bentley WaterCAD V8i Project to
Open dialog box opens, allowing you to
browse to the project to be opened.
Open
Closes the currently open project. Close
Close all the projects that are opened. Close All

Edit Toolbar
The Edit toolbar contains controls for deleting, finding, undoing, and redoing actions
in WaterCAD V8i.
Save the current project. Save
Save all the projects that are opened. Save All
Open the Print Preview window, displaying
the current view of the network as it will be
printed. Choose Fit to Page to print the entire
network scaled to fit on a single page or
Scaled to print the network at the scale
defined by the values set in the Drawing tab of
the project Options dialog (Tools > Options).
If the model is printed to scale, it may contain
one or more pages (depending on how large
the model is relative to the page size specified
in the Page Settings dialog, which is accessed
through the Print Preview window).
Print
Preview
Print the current view of the network. Choose
Fit to Page to print the entire network scaled
to fit on a single page or Scaled to print the
network at the scale defined by the values set
in the Drawing tab of the project Options
dialog (Tools > Options).
If the model is printed to scale, it may contain
one or more pages (depending on how large
the model is relative to the page size specified
in the Page Settings dialog, which is accessed
through the Print Preview window).
Print

The Edit toolbar is arranged as follows:
Analysis Toolbar
The Analysis toolbar contains controls for analyzing WaterCAD V8i projects.
To Use
Cancel your most recent action. Undo
Redo the last canceled action. Redo
Delete the currently selected element(s) from the
network.
Delete
Removes the highlighting that can be applied
using the Network Navigator.
Clear
Highlight
Find a specific element by choosing it from a
menu containing all elements in the current
model.
Find Element

The Analysis toolbar is arranged as follows:
To Use
Open the Totalizing Flow Meters dialog box,
which allows you to view, edit, and create flow
meter definitions.
Totalizing
Flow Meters
Open the Hydrant Flow Curves dialog box, which
allows you to view, edit, and create hydrant flow
definitions.
Hydrant Flow
Curves
Open the System Head Curves dialog box, where
you can view, edit, and create system head
definitions.
System Head
Curves
Open the Post Calculation Processor, where you
can perform statistical analysis for an element or
elements on various results obtained during an
extended period simulation calculation.
Post
Calculation
Processor
Open the Energy Costs dialog box, where you can
view, edit, and create energy cost scenarios.
Energy Costs
Open the Darwin Calibrator dialog box, where
you can view, edit, and create calibration studies.
Darwin
Calibrator

Scenarios Toolbar
The Scenarios toolbar contains controls for creating scenarios in WaterCAD V8i
projects.
Open the Darwin Designer dialog box, where you
can view, edit, and create designer studies.
Darwin
Designer
Open the Darwin Scheduler dialog box, where
you can view, edit, and create scheduler studies.
Darwin
Scheduler
Open the Criticality dialog box, where you can
view, edit, and create criticality studies.
Criticality
Open the Pressure Zone dialog box, where you
can view, edit, and create pressure zone studies.
Pressure Zone

The Scenarios toolbar is arranged as follows:
Compute Toolbar
The Compute toolbar contains controls for computing WaterCAD V8i projects.
To Use
Change the current scenario. Scenario List
Box
Open the Scenario manager, where you can
create, view, and manage project scenarios.
Scenarios
Open the Alternative manager, where you can
create, view, and manage project alternatives.
Alternatives
Open the Calculation Options manager, where
you can create different profiles for different
calculation settings.
Calculation
Options

The Compute toolbar contains the following:
To Use
Run a diagnostic check on the network data to
alert you to possible problems that may be
encountered during calculation. This is the
manual validation command, and it checks for
input data errors. It differs in this respect from
the automatic validation that WaterCAD V8i
runs when the compute command is initiated,
which checks for network connectivity errors as
well as many other things beyond what the
manual validation checks.
Validate
Calculate the network. Before calculating, an
automatic validation routine is triggered, which
checks the model for network connectivity
errors and performs other validation.
Compute
Open the EPS Results Browser manager,
allowing you to manipulate the currently
displayed time step and to animate the drawing
pane.
EPS Results
Browser

View Toolbar
The View toolbar contains controls for viewing WaterCAD V8i projects.
Open the Fire Flow Results Browser dialog box. Fire Flow
Results
Browser
Open the Flushing Results Browser dialog box. Flushing
Results
Browser
Open the Calculation Summary dialog box. Calculation
Summary
Open the User Notifications Manager, allowing
you to view warnings and errors uncovered by
the validation process. This button does not
appear in the toolbar by default but can be added
User
Notifications

The View toolbar contains the following:
To Use
Open the Element Symbology manager,
allowing you to create, view, and manage the
element symbol settings for the project.
Element
Symbology
Open the Background Layers manager, allowing
you to create, view, and manage the background
layers associated with the project.
Background
Layers
Open the Network Navigator dialog box. Network
Navigator
Open the Selection Sets Manager, allowing you
to create, view, and modify the selection sets
associated with the project.
Selection Sets
Opens the Query Manager. Queries
Opens the Prototypes Manager. Prototypes
Open the FlexTables manager, allowing you to
create, view, and manage the tabular reports for
the project.
FlexTables
Open the Graph manager, allowing you to
create, view, and manage the graphs for the
project.
Graphs

Help Toolbar
The Help toolbar provides quick access to the some of the commands that are avail-
able in the Help menu.
Open the Profile manager, allowing you to
create, view, and manage the profiles for the
project.
Profiles
Open the Contour Manager where you can
create, view, and manage contours.
Contours
Open the Named Views manager where you can
create, view, and manage named views.
Named Views
Open the Aerial View manager where you can
zoom to different elements in the project.
Aerial View
Opens the Property Editor. Properties
Opens the Customizations manager. Customizations

The Help toolbar contains the following:
Layout Toolbar
The Layout toolbar is used to lay out a model in the WaterCAD V8i drawing pane.
To Use
Open your Web browser to the SELECTservices
page on the Bentley Web site.
Check for
SELECT
Updates
Open the Bentley Institute page on the Bentley
Web site.
Bentley
Institute
Training
Open your Web browser to the SELECTservices
page on the Bentley Web site.
Bentley
SELECT
Support
Opens your web browser to the Bentley.com
Web site’s main page.
Bentley.com
Opens the Bentley WaterCAD V8i online help. Help

The Layout toolbar contains the following:
To Use
Change your mouse cursor into a selection tool.
The selection tool behavior varies depending
on the direction in which the mouse is dragged
after defining the first corner of the selection
box, as follows:
• If the selection is made from left-to-right, all
elements that fall completely within the
selection box that is defined will be
selected.
• If the selection is made from right-to-left, all
elements that fall completely within the
selection box and that cross one or more of
the lines of the selection box will be
selected.
Select
Change your mouse cursor into a pipe tool. Pipe
Change your mouse cursor into a junction tool.
When this tool is active, click in the drawing
pane to place the element.
Junction
Change your mouse cursor into a hydrant tool.
When this tool is active, click in the drawing
pane to place the element.
Hydrant
Change your mouse cursor into a tank element
symbol. When this tool is active, click in the
drawing pane to place the element.
Tank
Change your mouse cursor into a reservoir
element symbol. When this tool is active, click
in the drawing pane to place the element.
Reservoir
Change your mouse cursor into a pump
element symbol. Clicking the left mouse button
while this tool is active causes a pump element
to be placed at the location of the mouse cursor.
Pump

Change your mouse cursor into a pump station
element symbol. Clicking the left mouse button
while this tool is active causes a pump station
element to be placed at the location of the
mouse cursor.
Variable Speed
Pump Battery
Change your mouse cursor into a valve tool.
Click the down arrow to select the type of valve
you want to place in your model:
• Pressure Reducing Valve
• Pressure Sustaining Valve
• Pressure Breaker Valve
• Flow Control Valve
• Throttle Control Valve
• General Purpose Valve
Valves
Change your mouse cursor into an isolation
valve symbol. When this tool is active, click in
the drawing pane to place the element.
Isolation Valve
Change your mouse cursor into a spot elevation
Spot Elevation
Change your mouse cursor into a turbine
drawing pane to place the element..
Turbine
Change your mouse cursor into a periodic
head-flow symbol. When this tool is active,
click in the drawing pane to place the element.
Periodic Head-
Flow
Change your mouse cursor into an air valve
Air Valve

Change your mouse cursor into a
hydropneumatic tank symbol. When this tool is
active, click in the drawing pane to place the
element.
Hydropneumatic
Tank
Change your mouse cursor into a surge valve
Surge Valve
Change your mouse cursor into a check valve
Check Valve
Change your mouse cursor into a rupture disk
Rupture Disk
Change your mouse cursor into a discharge to
atmosphere symbol. When this tool is active,
Discharge to
Atmosphere
Change your mouse cursor into an orifice
between pipes symbol. When this tool is active,
Orifice Between
Pipes
Change your mouse cursor into a valve with
linear area change symbol. When this tool is
active, click in the drawing pane to place the
element.
Valve with
Linear Area
Change

Tools Toolbar
The Tools toolbar provides quick access to the same commands that are available in
the Tools menu.
The Tools toolbar contains the following:
Change your mouse cursor into a surge tank
Surge Tank
Change your mouse cursor into a border
symbol. When the border tool is active, you can
draw a simple box in the drawing pane using
the mouse. For example, you might want to
draw a border around the entire model.
Border
Change your mouse cursor into a text symbol.
When the text tool is active, you can add
simple text to your model. Click anywhere in
the drawing pane to display the Text Editor
dialog box, where you can enter text to be
displayed in your model.
Text
Change your mouse cursor into a line symbol.
When this tool is active, you can draw lines and
polygons in your model using the mouse.
Line

To Use
Open a Select dialog to select areas in the drawing. Active Topology
Selection
Open the ModelBuilder Connections Manager, where
you can create, edit, and manage ModelBuilder
connections to be used in the model-building/model-
synchronizing process.
ModelBuilder
Open the TRex wizard where you can select the data
source type, set the elevation dataset, choose the model
and features.
Trex
Open the SCADAConnect manager where you can add or
edit signals.
SCADAConnect
Open the Skelebrator manager to define how to
skeletonize your network.
Skelebrator
Skeletonizer
Open the LoadBuilder manager where you can create and
manage Load Build templates.
Load Builder
Open the Wizard used to create a Thiessen polygon. Thiessen Polygon
Open the Demand Control Center manager where you
can add new demands, delete existing demands, or
modify existing demands.
Demand Control
Center

Open the Unit Demand Control Center manager where
you can add new unit demands, delete existing unit
demands, or modify existing unit demands.
Unit Demand
Control Center
Associate external files, such as pictures or movie files,
with elements.
Hyperlinks
Open the User Data Extension dialog box, which allows
you to add and define custom data fields. For example,
you can add new fields such as the pipe installation date.
User Data
Extensions
Compact the database, which eliminates the empty data
records, thereby defragmenting the datastore and
improving the performance of the file.
Compact
Database
Synchronize the current model drawing with the project
database.
Synchronize
Drawing
Ensures consistency between the database and the model
by recalculating and updating certain cached information.
Normally this operation is not required to be used.
Update Database
Cache
This command copies the model result files (if any) from
the project directory (the directory where the project
.mdb file is saved) to the custom result file directory. The
custom result directory is specified in
Tools>Options>Project tab. This allows you to make a
copy of the results that may exist in the model's save
directory and replace the current results being worked on
with them.
Update Results
from Project
Directory
This command copies the result files that are currently
being used by the model to the project directory (where
the project .mdb is stored).
Copy Results to
Project Directory

Zoom Toolbar
The Zoom toolbar provides access to the zooming and panning tools.
The Zoom toolbar contains the following:
Open a Batch Assign Isolation Valves window where you
can find the nearest pipe for each selected isolation and
assign the valve to that pipe.
Assign Isolation
Valves to Pipes
Opens the Batch Pipe Split dialog. Batch Pipe Split
Open the External Tools dialog box. Customize
Open the Options dialog box, which allows you to change
Global settings, Drawing, Units, Labeling, and
ProjectWise.
Options
To Use
Set the view so that the entire model is visible in
the drawing pane.
Zoom Extents
Activate the manual zoom tool, where you can
specify a portion of the drawing to enlarge.
Zoom Window
Magnify the current view in the drawing pane. Zoom In

Reduce the current view in the drawing pane. Zoom Out
Enable the realtime zoom tool, which allows you
to zoom in and out by moving the mouse while
the left mouse button is depressed.
Zoom
Realtime
Open up the Zoom Center dialog box where you
can set X and Y coordinates and the percentage of
Zoom.
Zoom Center
Enable you to zoom to specific elements in the
drawing. You must select the elements to zoom to
before you select the tool.
Zoom
Selection
Return the zoom level to the most recent previous
setting.
Zoom Previous
Reset the zoom level to the setting that was active
before a Zoom Previous command was executed.
This button also does not appear in the Zoom
toolbar by default.
Zoom Next
Activate the Pan tool, which allows you to move
the model within the drawing pane. When you
select this command, the cursor changes to a
hand, indicating that you can click and hold the
left mouse button and move the mouse to move
the drawing.
Pan
Update the main window view according to the
latest information contained in the Bentley
WaterCAD V8i datastore.
Refresh
Drawing

Customizing WaterCAD V8i Toolbars and Buttons
Toolbar buttons represent Bentley WaterCAD V8i menu commands. Toolbars can be
controlled in Bentley WaterCAD V8i using View > Toolbars. You can turn toolbars
on and off, move the toolbar to a different location in the work space, or you can add
and remove buttons from any toolbar.

To turn toolbars on
Click View > Toolbars, then click in the space to the left of the toolbar you want to
turn on.
To turn toolbars off
Click View > Toolbars, then click the check mark next to the toolbar you want to turn
off.
To move a toolbar to a different location in the workspace
Move your mouse to the vertical dotted line on the left side of any toolbar, then drag
the toolbar to the desired location. If you move a toolbar away from the other toolbar,
the toolbar becomes a floating dialog box.
To add or remove a button from a toolbar
1. Click the down arrow on the end of the toolbar you want to customize. A series of
submenus appear, allowing you to select or deselect any icon in that toolbar.
2. Click Add or Remove Buttons then move the mouse cursor to the right until all
of the submenus appear, as shown as follows:
3. Click the space to left of the toolbar button you want to add. A check mark is
visible in the submenu and the button opens in the toolbar.
or
Click the check mark next to the toolbar button you want to remove. The button
will no longer appear in the toolbar.
WaterCAD V8i Dynamic Manager Display
Most of the features in Bentley WaterCAD V8i is accessed through a system of
dynamic windows called managers. For example, the look of the elements is
controlled in the Element Symbology manager while animation is controlled in
the EPS Results Browser manager.

The following table lists all the Bentley WaterCAD V8i managers, their toolbar
buttons, and keyboard shortcuts.
Toolbar
Button Manager
Keyboard
Shortcut
Scenarios—build a model run from
alternatives.
<Alt+1>
Alternatives—create and manage
alternatives.
<Alt+2>
Calculation Options—set parameters for
the numerical engine.
<Alt+3>
Totalizing Flow Meters—create and
manage flow meters.
<Alt+4>
Hydrant Flow Curves—create and
manage hydrant flow curves.
<Alt+5>
System Head Curves—create and
manage system flow curves.
<Alt+6>
Element Symbology—control how
elements look and what attributes are
displayed.
<Ctrl+1>
Background Layers—control the display
of background layers.
<Ctrl+2>
Network Navigator—helps you find nodes
in your model.
<Ctrl+3>
Selection Sets—create and manage
selection sets.
<Ctrl+4>
Queries—create SQL expressions for use
with selection sets and FlexTables.
<Ctrl+5>

When you first start Bentley WaterCAD V8i , only two managers are displayed: the
Element Symbology and Background Layers managers. This is the default workspace.
You can display as many managers as you want and move them to any location in the
Bentley WaterCAD V8i workspace.
Prototypes—create and manage
prototypes.
<Ctrl+6>
FlexTables—display and edit tables of
elements.
<Ctrl+7>
Graphs—create and manage graphs. <Ctrl+8>
Profiles —draw profiles of parts of your
network.
<Ctrl+9>
Contours—create and manage contours. <Ctrl+0>
Properties—display properties of
individual elements or managers.
<F4>
Refresh—Update the main window view
according to the latest information
contained in the Bentley WaterCAD V8i
datastore.
<F5>
EPS Results Browser—controls animated
displays.
<F7>
User Notifications—presents error and
warning messages resulting from a
calculation.
<F8>
Compute. <F9>
Toolbar
Button Manager
Keyboard
Shortcut

To return to the default workspace
Click View > Reset Workspace.
• If you return to the default workspace, the next time you start Bentley WaterCAD
V8i , you will lose any customizations you might have made to the dynamic
manager display.
To open a manager
1. Do one of the following:
– Select the desired manager from the View menu.
– Click a manager’s button on one of the toolbars.
– Press the keyboard shortcut for the desired manager.
2. If the manager is not already docked, you can drag it to the top, left- or right-side,
or bottom of the WaterCAD V8i window to dock it. For more information on
docking managers, see Customizing Managers.
Customizing Managers
When you first start Bentley WaterCAD V8i , you will see the default workspace in
which a limited set of dock-able managers are visible. You can decide which managers
will be displayed at any time and where they will be displayed. You can also return to
the default workspace any time.
There are four states for each manager:
Floating—A floating manager sits above the Bentley WaterCAD V8i workspace like
a dialog box. You can drag a floating manager anywhere and continue to work.
You can also:
• Resize a floating manager by dragging its edges.
• Close a floating manager by clicking on the x in the top right-hand corner of the
title bar.
• Change the properties of the manager by right-clicking on the title bar.
• Switch between multiple floating managers in the same location by clicking the
manager’s tab.
• Dock the manager by double-clicking the title bar.

Docked static—A docked static manager attaches to any of the four sides of the
Bentley WaterCAD V8i window. If you drag a floating manager to any of the four
sides of the Bentley WaterCAD V8i window, the manager will attach or dock itself to
that side of the window. The manager will stay in that location unless you close it or
make it dynamic. A vertical pushpin in the manager’s title bar indicates its static state;
click the pushpin to change the manager’s state to dynamic. When the push pin is
pointing downward (vertical push pin), the manager is docked.
You can also:
• Close a docked manager by left clicking on the x in the upper right corner of the
title bar.
• Change a docked manager into a floating manager by double-clicking the title bar,
or by dragging the manager to the desired location (for example, away from the
side of the Bentley WaterCAD V8i window).
• Change a static docked manager into a dynamically docked manager by clicking
the push pin in the title bar.
• Switch between multiple docked managers in the same location by clicking the
manager’s tab.
Docked dynamic—A docked dynamic manager also docks to any of the four sides of
the Bentley WaterCAD V8i window, but remains hidden except for a single tab. Show
a docked dynamic manager by moving the mouse over the tab, or by clicking the tab.
When the manager is showing (not hidden), a horizontal pushpin in its title bar indi-
cates its dynamic state.
You can also:
• Close a docked manager by left-clicking on the x in the upper right corner of the
title bar.
• Change a docked dynamic manager into a docked static manager by clicking the
push pin (converting it from vertical to horizontal).
• Switch between multiple docked managers in the same location by moving the
mouse over the manager’s tab or by clicking the manager’s tab.
Closed—When a manager is closed, you cannot view it. Close a manager by clicking
the x in the right corner of the manager’s title bar. Open a manager by selecting the
manager from the View menu (for example, View > Element Symbology), or by
selecting the button for that manager on the appropriate toolbar.

2
Chapter
Quick Start Lessons
Building a Network and Performing a Steady-State Analysis
Extended Period Simulation
Scenario Management
Reporting Results
Automated Fire Flow Analysis
Water Quality Analysis
Working with Data from External Sources
Darwin Designer to Optimize the Setup of a Pipe Network
Darwin Designer to Optimize a Pipe Network
Energy Costs
Pressure Dependent Demands
Criticality and Segmentation
Building a Network and Performing a Steady-State
Analysis
In constructing a distribution network for this lesson, you do not need to be concerned
with assigning labels to pipes and nodes, because Bentley WaterCAD V8i will assign
labels automatically. When creating a schematic drawing, pipe lengths are entered
manually. In a scaled drawing, pipe lengths are automatically calculated from the posi-
tion of the pipes’ bends and start and stop nodes on the drawing pane.

In this network, the modeling of a reservoir connected to a pump simulates a connec-
tion to the main water distribution system. Simplifying the network in this way can
approximate the pressures supplied to the system at the connection under a range of
demands. This type of approximation is not always applicable, and care should be
taken when modeling a network in this way. It is more accurate to trace the network
back to the source.
In this lesson, you will create and analyze the network shown below. You will use a
scaled background drawing for most of the network; however, four of the pipes are not
to scale and will have user-defined lengths.
Step 1: Create a New Project File

Quick Start Lessons
This lesson has instructions for use with the WaterCAD V8i interface and the
AutoCAD interface.
Using the WaterCAD V8i interface:
1. Double-click the Bentley WaterCAD V8i icon. The welcome dialog box opens.
2. Click Create New Project and an untitled project opens.
3. Choose Tools > Options > Units. Since you will be working in System Interna-
tional units, click Reset Defaults to System International.
4. Verify that the Default Unit System for New Project is set to SI. If not, select from
the menu.
5. Select the Project tab to make sure Drawing Mode is set to Scaled.
6. Set the Horizontal Scale Factor 1 cm = 40 m.
7. Click OK.

8. Set up the project. Choose File > Project Properties and name the project Lesson
1—Steady State Analysis and click OK.
9. Choose File > Save as. In the Save File As dialog box, double-click the Lesson
folder.
10. Enter the file name MYLESSON1.WTG for your project, and click Save.

Quick Start Lessons
Using the AutoCAD interface:
1. Double-click the Bentley WaterCAD V8i desktop icon to start Bentley
WaterCAD V8i for AutoCAD.
2. Choose Tools > Options > Units. Since you will be working in System Interna-
tional units, click Reset Defaults to System International.
3. Verify that the Default Unit System for New Project is set to SI. If not, select from
the menu.
4. Click OK.
5. Select File > Open
6. Select the existing AutoCAD file LESSON1.DWG from the Lesson folder.
7. With the drawing open, select File > Save As. In the Save Drawing As dialog box,
double-click the Lesson folder, enter the filename as MYLESSON1.DWG and
click Save to save the file in your Bentley WaterCAD V8i Lesson directory.
Now, select the Layout Elements tool in the Bentley WaterCAD V8i toolbar.
Then, move the cursor onto the drawing pane and right-click to select Reservoir
from the shortcut menu. Click the approximate location of reservoir R-1 (see
diagram above). You will be prompted to set up the project. Click Yes to open the
Project Setup Wizard.
8. In the Project Setup Wizard, title the project Lesson 1—Steady State Analysis
and click the Next button.
9. Choose your desired settings. For this lesson, use the program default values.
Click the Next button.
10. Select the Scaled button located under the Drawing Scale option. Set the hori-
zontal scale to 1 mm = 4000 mm, and the vertical scale to 1 mm = 400 mm.
11. Click the Next button to continue.
12. The element prototype buttons allow you to set default values for each element
type. We will use the default prototype values in this lesson, so click the Finished
button.

Step 2: Lay out the Network
1. Select Pipe from the layout toolbar.
2. Move the cursor on the drawing pain and right click to select Reservoir from the
menu or click from the toolbar.
3. Click to place R-1.
4. Move the cursor to the location of pump P-1. Right-click and select Pump from
the shortcut menu.
Click to place it.
5. Right click to select Junction from the menu and click to place J-1.
6. Click to place junctions J-2, J-3, and J-4.
7. Click on J-1 to finish.
8. Right-click and choose Done from the menu.

Quick Start Lessons
9. Create J-5.
a. Select the Pipe layout tool again.
b. Click junction J-3.
c. Move the cursor to the location of J-5, and click to insert the element.
d. Right-click and select Done.
10. Insert the PRV from the menu, and junction J-6 by selecting the Pipe layout tool
and placing the elements in their appropriate locations.
Be sure to lay out the pipes in numerical order (P-7 through P-9), so that their
labels correspond to the labels in the diagram. Right-click and select Done from
the menu to terminate the Pipe Layout command.
11. Insert the tank, T-1, using the Pipe layout tool. Pipe P-10 should connect the tank
to the network if you laid out the elements in the correct order.
12. Save the network by clicking Save or choose File > Save.
Step 3: Enter and modify data

• Dialog Boxes—You can use the Select tool and double-click an element to bring
up its Properties editor. In AutoCAD, click the element once with the Select tool
to open the element’s editor.
• FlexTables—You can click FlexTables to bring up dynamic tables that
allow you to edit and display the model data in a tabular format. You can edit the
data as you would in a spreadsheet.
• User Data Extensions—The User Data Extensions feature allows you to
import and export element data directly from XML files.
• Alternative Editors—Alternatives are used to enter data for different “What If?”
situations used in Scenario Management.
Entering Data through Dialog Boxes
To access an element’s dialog box in WaterCAD V8i mode, double-click the element.
In AutoCAD, first click the Select tool on the toolbar, then click the element whose
attributes you wish to modify.
1. Open the Reservoir Editor for reservoir R-1.
2. Enter the Elevation as 198.
3. Set Zone to Connection Zone.
a. Click the menu to Edit Zones which will open the Zone Manager.

Quick Start Lessons
b. Click New .
c. Enter a label for the new pressure zone called Connection Zone.
d. Click Close.
e. Select the zone you just created from the Zone menu.
f. Close the Reservoir Editor.
4. Open the Tank Editor for tank T-1 and enter the following:
Elevation (Base) = 200
Elevation (Minimum) = 220
Elevation (Initial) = 225
Elevation (Maximum) = 226
Diameter (m) = 8
Section = Circular

Set the Zone to Zone 1
Close the Tank editor.
5. Open the Pump Editor for pump PMP-1.
a. Enter 193 for the Elevation.
b. Click in the Pump Definition field and click on Edit Pump Definitions from
the drop-down list to open the Pump Definitions manager.

Quick Start Lessons
c. Click New to create a new pump definition. Name it PMP-1.
d. Select Standard (3 Point) from the Pump Type menu.
e. Right click on Flow to open the Units and Formatting menu.
f. Click on it and then in the Set Field Options box set the Units to L/min
.
g. Click OK.

h. Enter the following information:
i. Click Close.
j. Select PMP-1 from the Pump Definition menu.
k. Click to exit the dialog box.
6. Click to open the PRV Editor for valve PRV-1. Enter in the following:
Elevation =165
Diameter = 150
Pressure = 390
Status = Active
Settings = Pressure

Quick Start Lessons
Create Zone-2 and set it.
Click to exit.
7. Enter the following data for each of the junctions.
Leave all other fields set to their default values.

In order to add the demand, click the ellipsis in the Demand Collection
field to open the Demand box, click New, and type in the numbers for Flow (L/
min).
Click to exit.
8. Specify user-defined lengths for pipes P-1, P-7, P-8, P-9 and P-10.
a. Double-click pipe P-1 to open the Pipe Editor.
b. Set Has User Defined Length? to True. Then, enter a value of 0.01 m in the
Length field. Since you are using the reservoir and pump to simulate the
connection to the main distribution system, you want headloss through this
pipe to be negligible. Therefore, the length is very small and the diameter will
be large.
c. Enter 1000 mm as the diameter of P1.
d. Repeat for pipes P-7 through P-10 using the following user-defined lengths
and diameters.
P7 = 400

Quick Start Lessons
P8 = 500
P9 = 31
P-10 = 100
e. Click to close.
Step 4: Entering Data through FlexTables
It is often more convenient to enter data for similar elements in tabular form, rather
than to individually open a dialog box for an element, enter the data into the dialog
box, and then select the next element. Using FlexTables, you can enter the data as you
would enter data into a spreadsheet.

To use FlexTables
1. Click FlexTables or choose View > FlexTables.
2. Double-click Pipe Table and click OK. Fields that are white can be edited, but
yellow fields can not.

Quick Start Lessons
3. For each of the pipes, enter the diameter and the pipe material as follows:

4. In order to enter the material type, click the ellipsis to open the Engi-
neering Libraries box. Click on Material Libraries > Material Libraries.xml and
then click the appropriate material type and then click Select.
Or, enter the material type in the field.
5. Notice that the C values for the pipes will be automatically assigned to preset
values based on the material; however, these values could be modified if a
different coefficient were required.
6. Leave other data set to their default values. Click to exit the table when you are
finished.

Quick Start Lessons
Step 5: Run a Steady-State Analysis
1. Click to open the Base Calculation Options box.
2. Double-click or right click to open the Properties manager and make sure that the
Time Analysis Type is set to Steady State.
Click to close.
3. Click Validate , then click Ok if no problems are found.
4. Click Compute to analyze the model.
5. When calculations are completed, User Notifications open.
A green light indicates no warnings or issues, a yellow light indicates warnings,
and a red light indicates issues.
6. Click to close User Notification.
7. Click to Save project.

This lesson will illustrate how Bentley WaterCAD V8i can model the behavior of a
water distribution system through time using an extended period simulation (EPS). An
EPS can be conducted for any duration you specify. System conditions are computed
over the given duration at a specified time increment. Some of the types of system
behaviors that can be analyzed using an EPS include how tank levels fluctuate, when
pumps are running, whether valves are open or closed, and how demands change
throughout the day.
This lesson is based on the project created in Building a Network and Performing a
Steady-State Analysis. If you have not completed it, then open the project
LESSON2.WTG (LESSON2.DWG in the AutoCAD version) from the
BentleyBentley WaterCAD V8i Lesson directory. If you completed Lesson 1, then
you can use the MYLESSON1 file you created.
To open the existing project
1. Open MYLESSON1.WTG.
2. After you have opened the file, choose File > Save As.
3. Enter the filename MYLESSON2 and click Save.
4. Choose File > Project Properties, and change the Project Title to Lesson 2—
Extended Period Simulation.
5. Click OK.
Step 1: To Create Demand Patterns

Quick Start Lessons
Water demand in a distribution system fluctuates over time. For example, residential
water use on a typical weekday is higher than average in the morning before people
choose work, and is usually highest in the evening when residents are preparing
dinner, washing clothes, etc. This variation in demand over time can be modeled using
demand patterns. Demand patterns are multipliers that vary with time and are applied
to a given base demand, most typically the average daily demand.
In this lesson, you will be dividing the single fixed demands for each junction node in
Lesson 1 into two individual demands with different demand patterns. One demand
pattern will be created for residential use, and another for commercial use. You will
enter demand patterns at the junction nodes through the junction editors.
1. Open the editor for Junction J-1 (double-click junction J-1) and click the ellipsis
in the Demand Collection field to open the Demands box.
2. By default, the demand pattern is set to Fixed. Enter 23 l/min for Flow. (If field
already has a number from previous lesson, type over it.)

3. Click in the Pattern (Demand) field and click the ellipsis to open the
Patterns manager.
4. Click New to create a pattern for this model.
a. Rename the new pattern Residential.
b. Leave the Start Time 12:00:00 AM.
c. Enter 0.5 as the Starting Multiplier.
d. In the Pattern Format menu select Stepwise.
The resulting demand pattern will have multipliers that remain constant until
the next pattern time increment is reached.
Note that the multiplier for the last time given (24 hrs.) must be the same as
the Starting Multiplier (0.5). These values are equal because the demand
curve represents a complete cycle, with the last point the same as the first.

Quick Start Lessons
e. Under the Hourly tab, enter the following times and multipliers:
f. The Residential Patterns dialog box should look like the following:
Time from
Start
Multiplier
3 .4
6 1
9 1.3
12 1.2
15 1.2
18 1.6
21 .8
24 .5

5. Click New to create a new pattern for commercial demands.
a. Rename the new pattern Commercial.
b. Leave the Start Time 12:00:00 AM.
c. Enter 0.4 as the Starting Multiplier.
d. In the Pattern Format menu select Stepwise.
e. Under the Hourly tab, enter the following times and multipliers:
Time from
Start
Multiplier
3 .6
6 .8
9 1.6
12 1.6
15 1.2
18 .8
21 .6
24 .4

Quick Start Lessons
f. The Commercial Patterns dialog box should look like the following:
6. Click Close.
7. In the Pattern field, select Residential from the menu.
8. In the second row, enter a flow of 15 l/min and select Commercial as the pattern
for this row.
9. Close the Demands dialog box.
10. Close the J-1 Properties dialog box.

11. Choose Demand Collection in the properties for junctions J-2, J-3, J-4, J-5 and J-6
and enter the following demand data using the Residential and Commercial
demand patterns already created.
12. Now, you will set up an additional demand pattern to simulate a three-hour fire at
node J-6.
a. In the Demand Collection field for J-6, click the ellipsis to insert an
additional Flow of 2000 l/min in row three of the Demands table.
b. Click the Pattern column for row three and select the ellipsis to open
the Pattern Manager.
c. Click New to create a new pattern.
d. Rename the new pattern 3-Hour Fire
e. Leave the Start Time 12:00:00 AM
f. Enter 0.00 as the Starting Multiplier.
g. Select the Stepwise format.
h. Under the Hourly tab, enter the following times and multipliers:
Time from
Start
Multiplier
18 1
21 0
24 0

Quick Start Lessons
i. After you have filled in the table, look at the Graph in the lower section of the
Patterns box.
The value of the multiplier is zero, except for the period between 18 and 21
hours, when it is 1.0. Since the input the demand as 2000 l/min., the result will
be a 2000 l/min. fire flow at junction J-6 between hours 18 and 21.
j. Click Close.
13. Select the new pattern, 3-Hour Fire, from the Pattern selection box in row three
of the demands table.
14. Close the Demands dialog box.

15. Close the Junction Properties dialog box.
Step 2: To run an Extended Period Simulation (EPS)
1. Click Calculation Options to open the Base Calculation Options box.
2. Double-click or right click to open the properties manager and select EPS from
the Time Analysis Type menu.
Click to close.
3. Click Validate , then click Ok if no problems are found.
4. Click Compute to analyze the model.

Quick Start Lessons
5. The Calculation Summary opens.
6. Close the Calculation Summary.
7. If there were errors or warnings then the User Notifications dialog box opens
instead of the Calculation Summary dialog box.
A green light indicates no warnings or issues, a yellow light indicates warnings,
and a red light indicates issues.
8. Close the User Notification dialog box.
9. Click Save or choose File > Save to save the project.

Scenario Management
Scenario Management
One of the many project tools in Bentley WaterCAD V8i is Scenarios Management.
Scenarios allow you to calculate multiple “What If?” situations in a single project file.
You may wish to try several designs and compare the results, or analyze an existing
system using several different demand alternatives and compare the resulting system
pressures.
A scenario is a set of Alternatives, while alternatives are groups of actual model data.
Scenarios and alternatives are based on a parent/child relationship where a child
scenario or alternative inherits data from the parent scenario or alternative.
In Lessons 1 and 2, you constructed the water distribution network, defined the char-
acteristics of the various elements, entered demands and demand patterns, and
performed steady-state and extended period simulations. In this lesson, you will set up
the scenarios needed to test four “What If?” situations for our water distribution
system. These “What If?” situations will involve changing demands and pipe sizes. At
the end of the lesson, you will compare all of the results using the Scenario Compar-
ison tool.
2. After you have opened the file, choose File > Save As.
3. Enter the filename MYLESSON3 and click Save.
4. Choose File > Project Properties, and change the Project Title to Lesson 3—
Scenario Management.
5. Click OK.

Quick Start Lessons
Step 1: Create a New Alternative
First, you need to set up the required data sets, or alternatives. An alternative is a
group of data that describes a specific part of the model.
There are twelve alternative types:
In this example, you need to set up a different physical or demand alternative for each
design trial you want to evaluate. Each alternative will contain different pipe size or
demand data.
In Bentley WaterCAD V8i , you create families of alternatives from base alternatives.
Base alternatives are alternatives that do not inherit data from any other alternative.
Child alternatives can be created from the base alternative. A Child alternative inherits
the characteristics of its parent, but specific data can be overridden to be local to the
child. A child alternative can, in turn, be the parent of another alternative.
1. Choose Analysis > Alternatives or click .
2. Click to open the Demand alternative. The Base-Demand alternative contains the
demands for the current distribution system.

Scenario Management
3. Change the default demand name.
a. Click Rename or right click to Rename.
b. Enter the new name, Average Daily with 2000 l/min. Fire Flow.
c. Double-click on the alternative to open the Demand Alternative manager.

Quick Start Lessons
4. Now you should add a child of the base-demands alternative, because the new
alternative will inherit most data. Then, you can locally change the data that you
want to modify. You will modify the existing demand data by increasing the fire
flow component at node J-6 from 2000 l/min. to 4000 l/min.
a. Right-click to New > Child Alternative.
b. Enter 4000 l/min Fire Flow for the new Alternative.
c. Double-click to open the Demand Alternatives editor for the new alternative
which shows the data that was inherited from the parent alternative.
If
you change any piece of data, the check box will become selected because
that record is now local to this alternative and not inherited from the parent.

Scenario Management
5. Click in the Demand Collection column for node J-6. Change the 2000 l/min. fire
demand to 4000 l/min.
6. Click Close to exit the Demand Alternative Editor.
7. Click to close the Alternatives Manager
Step 2: To create and edit Scenarios

Quick Start Lessons
Alternatives are the building blocks of a scenario. A scenario is a set of one of each of
the types of alternatives, plus all of the calculation information needed to solve a
model.
Just as there are base, parent, and child alternatives, there are also base, parent, and
child scenarios. The difference is that instead of inheriting model data, scenarios
inherit sets of alternatives. To change the new scenario, change one or more of the new
scenario’s alternatives. For this lesson, you will create a new scenario for each
different set of conditions you need to evaluate.
1. Choose Analysis > Scenarios or click to open Scenarios.
There is always a default Base Scenario that is composed of the base alternatives.
Initially, only the Base is available, because you have not created any new
scenarios.
2. Click Rename to rename the Base Scenario to 2000 l/min., 3-hour Fire
Flow at J-6 (EPS).

Scenario Management
3. Create a child scenario from the existing base scenario to incorporate the new
demand alternative.
a. Right-click on the scenario to New > Child Scenario.
b. Enter a scenario name of 4000 l/min. Fire Flow at J-6 (EPS) and click to
open the Scenarios Properties box.
The new scenario lists the alternatives as inherited from the base scenario.
4. Your new Child Scenario initially consists of the same alternatives as its parent
scenario. To set the Demand Alternative to the new alternative you created, 4000
l/min. Fire Flow.
a. Click in the Demand Alternative field
b. From the menu, select the 4000 l/min. Fire Flow alternative.
The new alternative is no longer inherited from the parent, but is local to this
scenario.
c. Click to exit the scenario.

Quick Start Lessons
Step 3: To calculate both of the scenarios using the Batch Run tool
1. Click Compute Scenario and then Batch Run
.
2. Select both check boxes next to the scenario names in the Batch Run dialog box.
3. Click Batch.
4. Click Yes at the prompt to run the batch for two scenarios.
5. After computing finishes, click OK.
6. To see the results for each scenario select the Scenario, right-click, and click
Report.
Step 4: To create a Physical Alternative

Scenario Management
You need to further examine what is going on in the system as a result of the fire flow,
and find solutions to any problems that might have arisen in the network as a result.
You can review output tables to quickly see what the pressures and velocities are
within the system, and create new alternatives and scenarios to capture your modifica-
tions.
1. Create a new scenario having a new physical alternative with the pipe sizes for P-
8 and P-9 increased to 200 mm.
a. Click or choose Analysis > Scenarios.
b. Select 4000 l/min. Fire Flow at J-6 (EPS) in the list of Scenarios.
c. Click New, and select Child Scenario.
d. Name the new Scenario P-8 and P-9 Set to 200 mm.
e. Click the Alternatives tab, and choose Physical Alternative > Base Physical >
New > Child Alternative.
f. Rename the new Child Alternative P-8 and P-9 Set to 200 mm.

Quick Start Lessons
g. Double-click to open the Physical Alternative manger. In the Pipe tab for this
Alternative, change the diameter for pipes P-8 and P-9 to 200 mm.
h. Click Close.
i. Click the Scenarios tab to open the Scenarios manager.
j. Choose Computer > Batch Run and select the check box for Pipes P-8 and P-
9 Set to 200 mm.
k. Click Batch and then Yes to confirm and run the Scenario.
l. Click OK after the run is complete.
2. Close the Scenario manager.
3. Click FlexTables .
4. Open the Junction FlexTable and run the Report for All Time Steps.
5. Close the open boxes and save the project.

Reporting Results
Reporting Results
An important feature in all water distribution modeling software is the ability to
present results clearly. This lesson outlines several of Bentley WaterCAD V8i
reporting features, including:
• Reports, which display and print information on any or all elements in the
system.
• Element Tables (FlexTables), for viewing, editing, and presentation of selected
data and elements in a tabular format.
• Profiles, to graphically show, in a profile view, how a selected attribute, such as
hydraulic grade, varies along an interconnected series of pipes.
• Contouring, to show how a selected attribute, such as pressure, varies throughout
the distribution system.
• Element Annotation, for dynamic presentation of the values of user-selected
variables in the plan view.
• Color Coding, which assigns colors based on ranges of values to elements in the
plan view. Color coding is useful in performing quick diagnostics on the network.
For this lesson, you will use the system from the Scenario Management lesson, saved
as MYLESSON3 in the WaterGEMSLesson directory. If you did not complete this
lesson, you may use the file LESSON4.WTG (LESSON4.DWG in AutoCAD).
2. Select File > Save As.

Quick Start Lessons
3. Enter the filename MYLESSON4, and click Save.
4. Select File > Project Properties, and change the Project Title to Lesson 4 -
Reporting Results.
Reports
1. Choose Analysis > Scenarios or click to open Scenarios.
2. Select the 2000 l/min., 3 hour fire flow at J-6 (EPS) scenario.
3. Click to compute the Scenario.

Reporting Results
4. Choose Report > Scenario Summary
5. The summary runs.

Quick Start Lessons
6. The report opens.

Reporting Results
7. You can print or copy the results to another program.
8. Close the Scenario Summary.
9. Choose Report > Element Tables > Tank.
10. Click Report and select for either the Current Time Step or All Time Steps.
11. Use the Page icons to navigate through the report.
Every element can generate a report in the same general format, which includes
the name of the calculated scenario and information describing the element’s
properties and results in detail.
You can print this report or copy it to the clipboard using these icons.

Quick Start Lessons
The report will print or paste into a word processor in the exact format seen on the
screen.
12. Click to Close the report, and then click to exit the Tank FlexTable.
FlexTable
When data must be entered for a large number of elements, clicking each element and
entering the data can be time consuming. FlexTable, elements can be changed using
the global edit tool, or filtered to display only the desired elements. Values that are
entered into the table will be automatically updated in the model. The tables can also
be customized to contain only the desired data. Columns can be added or removed, or
you can display duplicates of the same column with different units.
FlexTables are dynamic tables of input values and calculated results. White columns
are editable input values, and yellow columns are non-editable calculated values.
When data is entered into a table directly, the values in the model will be automati-
cally updated. These tables can be printed or copied into a spreadsheet program.
Global Edit and Filtering are very useful tools. For example, if you decide to evaluate
how the network might operate in five years. Assume that the C factor for 5-year old
ductile iron pipe reduces from 130 to 120. It would be repetitive to go through and edit
the pipe roughness through the individual pipe dialog boxes, particularly when dealing
with a large system. Instead, you will use the filter tool in this example to filter out the
PVC pipes, and then use global edit tool to change the pipe roughness on the ductile
iron pipes only.
To use Global Edit and Filtering
1. Set up a new Alternative and Scenario to capture the changes to the C values.
a. Choose Analysis > Scenarios.
b. Select the P-8 and P-9 Set to 200 mm scenario.
c. Click New > Child Scenario.
d. Rename the new scenario 5-yr.-old D.I.P.
e. Click the Alternatives tab and choose Physical Alternative > Base Physical >
New > Child Alternative.
f. Rename the new Alternative 5-yr.-old D.I.P.
g. Click to Close.
2. Choose Report > Element Tables > Pipe.
3. Right-click the Material column and choose Filter > Custom from the menu.

Reporting Results
4. The query builder opens.
a. Double-click on Material.
b. Click the = equal sign.
c. Click to select the Unique Values for Material
d. Double-click Ductile Iron.
e. Click Apply , then Click OK.
f. Click OK to exit the query builder.
5. Use the Global Edit tool to modify all of the roughness values in the table.
a. Right-click the Hazen-Williams C column and select Global Edit.
b. Select Set from the Operation list.

Quick Start Lessons
c. Enter 120 into the Global Edit box.
d. Click OK. All of the values are now set to 120.
6. To deactivate the filter, right-click anywhere in the dialog box and click Filter >
Reset from the menu. Click Yes to reset the filter.
7. You may also wish to edit a table by adding or removing columns using the Table
Manager.
a. Click Edit to open the table.
b. Scroll through the list on the left to view the types of data available for place-
ment in the table. You can select an item to add or remove from the table.

Reporting Results
c. You can adjust the order which the columns will be displayed by using the
arrows below Selected Columns .
d. Click Ok to save your changes or Cancel to exit the table without making
change.
8. Click to exit the table.
9. Choose Analysis > Scenarios > Compute Scenario > Batch Run.
10. Check 5-yr.-old D.I.P., and then click Batch.
11. Click to exit the table when you are finished.
Create a Print Preview and Profile
1. To create a print preview of the distribution system, choose File > Print Preview
This option will create a preview of the entire system regardless of what the
screen shows.
The print preview opens in a separate window, which can then be printed or
copied to the clipboard.
Click the Copy button to paste the view into another program.
2. Click to close.
3. To create a profile view, choose View > Profiles, or click Profile in the
toolbar. This activates the Profiles manager.

Quick Start Lessons
4. Click New to open the Profile Setup dialog box, and then click Select from
drawing to choose the element to profile.
5. The dialog box closes and select opens. Choose the elements to include in the
profile and click Done .
6. The Profile Setup dialog box opens with the selected elements appearing, in order,
in the list.
Click Open Profile to view the profile.

Water cad v8i user's guide

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