1. The Rise of England Queen Elizabeth I ruled England from 1558 until 1603 - During her reign she reorganized England’s church, improved the nation’s military position and encouraged efforts to expand her empire.

2. “ Sea Dogs ” were the English privateers (pirates) who operated with the approval of Queen Elizabeth. Sir Francis Drake was a leading ‘Sea Dog’. He circumnavigated the globe in 1580, was a leader in stopping the Spanish Armada, and considered a pirate by Spain, who put a price on his head.

4. Ireland - The English use harsh, violent tactics in its attempt to conquer and control the Irish people between 1564 and 1620 - This would influence the often violent and combative relationship with American Indians

6. - In 1603 Elizabeth I died without an heir and the English throne passed to James I of Scotland. James I would support the first successful English efforts to colonize America beginning with Jamestown in 1607.