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ADDICTION
A S’eclairer teaching topic
ADDICTION
• Alcohol
• Drugs
• Cigarettes
• Food
ALCOHOL
• Most commonly abused psychoactive agent in the
U.S.
-Depresses CNS
-Activates reward circuit
• Cardioprotective at low doses; damages the heart
and liver if abused; elevates blood pressure
• MEDS:
-Acamprosate (Campral) – reduces unpleasant
feelings of discontinuation
-Naltrexone – decreases craving
-Disulfiram (Antabuse) – causes unpleasant
effects
DRUGS OF ABUSE
• OPIOIDS (heroin, morphine)
• STIMULANTS (cocaine, adderall, ritalin)
• BARBITURATES (phenobarbital)
• BENZODIAZEPINES (xanax, ativan,
valium)
• PSYCHEDELICS (LSD, mescaline)
• DISSOCIATIVE drugs (phencyclidine,
ketamine)
• ANABOLIC STEROIDS (nandrolone,
testosterone)
• MISC. (marijuana, nitrous oxide)
NICOTINE
• Cigarettes are the greatest single cause of preventable
illness and death – 400,000 fatalities/year:
-lung cancer
-heart disease
-airway obstruction
• $95 billion per year
• Reaches the brain in 10 seconds
• 41% of American smokers try to quit
-5% succeed without help
-30% succeed with help
• MEDS:
-Nicotine patch, spray, inhaler
-Chantix, Zyban
-Bupropion
-Nortriptyline
-Clonidine
OBESITY
• Second leading preventable cause of death
• A chronic disease like hypertension and diabetes
• Contributing factors
-genetics
-metabolism
-appetite regulation
-environmental
-psychosocial
-cultural
• BMI ranges
-25 to 30 overweight
-30 to 35 Obesity 1
-35 to 40 Obesity 2
-40 plus Morbid obesity
• MEDS:
-Silbutramine (appetite suppressant)
-Orlistat (lipase inhibitor)
-Bupropion (appetite suppressant)
-Leptin (appetite modulating hormone)

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Addiction

  • 3. ALCOHOL • Most commonly abused psychoactive agent in the U.S. -Depresses CNS -Activates reward circuit • Cardioprotective at low doses; damages the heart and liver if abused; elevates blood pressure • MEDS: -Acamprosate (Campral) – reduces unpleasant feelings of discontinuation -Naltrexone – decreases craving -Disulfiram (Antabuse) – causes unpleasant effects
  • 4. DRUGS OF ABUSE • OPIOIDS (heroin, morphine) • STIMULANTS (cocaine, adderall, ritalin) • BARBITURATES (phenobarbital) • BENZODIAZEPINES (xanax, ativan, valium) • PSYCHEDELICS (LSD, mescaline) • DISSOCIATIVE drugs (phencyclidine, ketamine) • ANABOLIC STEROIDS (nandrolone, testosterone) • MISC. (marijuana, nitrous oxide)
  • 5. NICOTINE • Cigarettes are the greatest single cause of preventable illness and death – 400,000 fatalities/year: -lung cancer -heart disease -airway obstruction • $95 billion per year • Reaches the brain in 10 seconds • 41% of American smokers try to quit -5% succeed without help -30% succeed with help • MEDS: -Nicotine patch, spray, inhaler -Chantix, Zyban -Bupropion -Nortriptyline -Clonidine
  • 6. OBESITY • Second leading preventable cause of death • A chronic disease like hypertension and diabetes • Contributing factors -genetics -metabolism -appetite regulation -environmental -psychosocial -cultural • BMI ranges -25 to 30 overweight -30 to 35 Obesity 1 -35 to 40 Obesity 2 -40 plus Morbid obesity • MEDS: -Silbutramine (appetite suppressant) -Orlistat (lipase inhibitor) -Bupropion (appetite suppressant) -Leptin (appetite modulating hormone)