Dr. Zahida Chaudhary presents a slide deck on Diabetes along with James Ellermeyer as they discuss what our society is doing to contribute to the problem and what we can do to change it in our own lives on a case by case basis.

1. Blood Sugar
Regulation, Diabetes and Life
Style Change
By
Zahida Chaudhary MD

2. An American Epidemic
26 million with Diabetes
79 million with Pre-Diabetes
Diabetes affects almost 26 million
Americans (8.3%), one quarter of
whom don’t know they have it.
Another 79 million Americans have
pre-diabetes, which raises their risk
of developing type 2 diabetes,
heart disease, and stroke.
About 1.9 million new cases of
diabetes were diagnosed in people
aged 20 or older in 2010. (CDC)

3. The law of the body is that
body must maintain certain
level of sugar in the blood,
around 100 can range 100-
120
Normal blood fasting glucose
level for non-diabetics,
should be between 70 and
100 (mg/dL) and should be
below 125 mg/dL.
Blood Sugar Regulation

4. Liver is on right side of our
body It is about 3 pounds
We have a tiny organ called
pancreas right below the left
rib cage
Liver and pancreas have
mutual relation ship. They
coordinate to control the blood
sugar levels
But liver is the most ignored
piece of puzzle in diabetes
How Sugar Control Works?

5. -Liver control
blood sugar
levels when we
are not eating
-Pancreas control
blood sugar
levels when we
eat
-They go back
and forth.
Pancreas makes a
hormone
called insulin
Insulin takes sugar
out of the blood
and put sugar in the
liver where it is
stored as glycogen.
Hence blood sugar
level is decreased
Liver takes this
Glycogen and
converts it into
sugar when needed,
and puts it back in
the blood and keep
it normal 100
Body does not like to burn fat under normal situation, unless there is no sugar The purpose of
fat is to act as storage and uses it when we are not eating, starving or exercising.

6. Three things happen when
the sugar is pulled out of
blood in the presence of
insulin.
-Energy— our cell use
sugar as a form of energy
e.g. during exercise
-Stored in the liver and
muscles as glycogen
-Fat—After certain amount
if sugar is not used , it is
stored as Fat and can be
used as energy source
Action Of Insulin

7. Types of Diabetes
• Type 1 Diabetes
5-10% of diagnosed cases of
diabetes
• Type 2 Diabetes
90-95% diagnosed cases of
diabetes
• Gestational Diabetes
7% of all U.S. pregnancies

9. Cause of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes

10. Insulin Resistance And Health Problems
Insulin resistance is associated with
many health problems including:
-Fatigue.
-Brain fogginess and inability to focus.
-High blood sugar.
-Intestinal bloating
-Sleepiness, especially after meals.
-Weight gain, fat storage, difficulty
losing weight
-Increased blood triglyceride levels.
-Increased blood pressure
-Depression.
-Increased hunger.

11. Diabetes Complications
• 2 in 3 people with diabetes die of
heart disease or stroke
• Diabetes is the #1 cause of adult
blindness
• Diabetes is the #1 cause of
kidney failure
• Diabetes causes more than 60%
of non-traumatic lower-limb
amputations each year
• Nerve: Neuropathy
 Age
 Race/ethnicity
 Gender/Family history
 Overweight
 Abnormal lipid metabolism
 Inflammation, hyper coagulation
 Hypertension
 Smoking
 Physical inactivity,
 Unhealthy diet, insulin resistance
Non-Modifiable
Modifiable
Cardio metabolic Risk

12. • The major components of the treatment of diabetes are:
Management of DM
• Diet and ExerciseA
• Oral Hypoglycaemic
TherapyB
• Insulin TherapyC

13. Many studies show that lifestyle changes, such as losing weight,
eating healthy and increasing physical activity can dramatically reduce
the progression of type 2 diabetes and are important to controlling
type 1 diabetes.
These lifestyle changes can help minimize other risk factors as well,
such as high blood pressure and blood cholesterol, which can have a
tremendous impact on people with diabetes.
Lifestyle changes must be complemented by a regimen of
medications to control blood glucose levels, high blood pressure and
cholesterol as well as to prevent heart attack and stroke, which claim
the lives of many diabetes patients.
Diet and Exercise
Life style modification

14. Life style modification
• Blood glucose (sugar)
control
• Body weight monitoring
• Blood pressure control
• Blood lipid (fat) control
• Smoking cessation
• Preventive care/ Personal
hygiene
• practices for eyes, kidneys,
feet, teeth and gums
 Research studies have found that lifestyle
changes can prevent or delay the onset of
type 2 diabetes among high-risk adults.
 Lifestyle interventions included diet and
moderate-intensity physical activity (such
as walking for 2-3 or more, hours each
week).
 In the Diabetes Prevention Program, a large
prevention study of people at high risk for
diabetes, the development of diabetes was
reduced 58% over 3 years.

15. Our bodies are not design to consume 149 pounds of
sugar/year
-Our bodies are not design for the amount of sugar we
are eating, even baby food is loaded with sugar
-Juices, sodas etc. are way very high in sugar.
Life Style Modification
Diet is a basic part of management in every case.
Dietary treatment should aim at:
◦ensuring weight control
◦providing nutritional requirements
◦allowing good glycaemic control with blood glucose levels as
close to normal as possible
◦correcting any associated blood lipid abnormalities

16. Changing the way you live can
change the way you feel.
While there is no cure for
diabetes, there are ways to
manage and prevent
Finding out how body weight
affects diabetes and discover
lifestyle changes, just a little
easier to live with.
In Conclusion
Life style modification
Reduce stress