1. 1.
2.
3.
4.
Dis. Solutes, Solvents and Solutions
Dis. Solutions and Suspensions
Solubility of dissolving substances
Rate of dissolving of substances
SOLUTIONS AND SUSPENSIONS

2. 1. Solutions and Suspensions
1.
2.
3.
4.
Define solute, solvent, solution and suspension.
Differentiate solute, solvent and solution.
List the properties of solutions and suspensions.
Compare solution and suspension.

3. Solutions

A solution is a mixture consisting of one or more
dissolved substances in a liquid.
Note: A solution may be either a mixture of solid and liquid or two liquids.


A solute refers to the solid substance that
dissolves other substances.
A solvent refers to the liquid that dissolves other
substances.

4. Properties of Solutions





Clear (can be seen through)
May be coloured or colourless
Homogeneous (every part of the solution has the
same properties)
Solute particles do not settle to the bottom
Solute particles of the solution pass through the
filter paper

5. Suspensions

A suspension is a mixture with one or more
insoluble solids in a liquid.
Note: Suspensions are usually not tested and used in examination papers.


The insoluble solid remains suspended in the
liquid.
Examples: Orange juice, Muddy water, Correction
fluid, Gastric medicine, Flour in water, Powered
chalk in water.

6. Properties of Suspensions




Cloudy (cannot be seen through)
Heterogeneous (appearance not the same in
every part)
Solid particles settle to the bottom when
suspension left to stand
Solute particles of the solution cannot pass
through the filter paper and becomes residue on
the filter paper

7. Comparison of Solution and Suspension
SOLUTION
SUSPENSION

Clear

Cloudy

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

Solute particles do not settle
to the bottom

Solid particles settle to the
bottom when suspension left
to stand

Solute particles of the
solution pass through the
filter paper

Solute particles of the
solution cannot pass through
the filter paper and becomes
residue on the filter paper

8. 2. Solubility and Rate of dissolving
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Define Solubility and Rate of dissolving.
Describe a saturated solution.
Name factors affecting Solubility.
Name factors affecting Rate of dissolving.
Compare Solubility and Rate of dissolving.

9. Solubility




Solubility refers to the amount of solute that can
dissolve in a given amount of solvent.
A saturated solution is the solution with the maximum
amount of solute that can be dissolved.
When all solute dissolved, the solution is unsaturated.
When some solute does not dissolve, the solution is
saturated. The undissolved solute settles at the
bottom.

10. Factors affecting solubility

Type of solute


Type of solvent


Some solids are more soluble than others in a particular
liquid.
Some solids are more soluble in one solvent than in
another solvent.
Temperature

The higher the temperature of the solvent, the more solids
can dissolve in it, due to higher collision speeds.

11. Rate of dissolving


Rate of dissolving refers to the rate at which a
solid dissolves.
However, solubility refers to the amount of solute
that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent.

12. Factors affecting Rate of dissolving

Temperature


Stirring


Higher temperatures gives solvent particles energy
causing higher speed collisions that are able to produce a
reaction quickly.
Stirring provides more energy to the solvent and solute
particles. They hit onto one another with stronger forces.
Surface area

Higher surface area brings about more contact between
the solute and solvent. Hence powdered solids dissolve
faster than lumps of solids.