1. Betty Neuman’s
Systems Model

2. “Health is a condition in which
all parts and subparts are in
harmony with the whole of the
client.”

3. METAPARADIGM

4. Person

an open system that works together with other parts of
its body as it interact with the environment

a dynamic composite of the interrelationship of five
variables: (1.) physiological, (2.) psychological, (3.) sociocultural,
(4.) developmental, and (5.) spiritual

has protective mechanisms for the basic structure, and
maintains client’s system stability: (1.) flexible line of
defense, (2.) normal line of defense, and (3.) lines of resistance

5. Flexible Line of Defense
Normal Line of Defense
CORE
CORE
Lines of Resistance

6. Health

dynamic condition

equated with stability of normal line of defense

Wellness exists when all the part or system of
person works harmoniously

7. Health
Sta
bil
it
y
on
a rm
H
y
Flexible Line of Defense
Normal Line of Defense
Lines of Resistance
c
al an
B
W
W
W
W
W
W
e l l ne
e l l ne
e l l ne
e l l ne
e l l ne
e l l ne
s
s
s
s
s
s
e
CORE
CORE
s
s
s
s
s
s
Health

8. Environment

can be internal, external, and created force
(stressors) that interacts with a person’s state
of health

has the potential to alter or improve stability of
systems

9. Interpersonal
S
Intrapersonal
T
Extrapersonal
R
S
T
R
E
Flexible Line of Defense
E
S
S
Normal Line of Defense
CORE
CORE
S
O
Interpersonal
Lines of Resistance
S
O
R
R
Intrapersonal
S
Extrapersonal
S

10. Nursing

a unique profession hat requires holistic
approach – considers all factors affecting
a client’s health

aims to promote optimal wellness to its
client through retention, attainment, or
maintenance of the stability of client’s
system

11. Nursing (cont.)

nurse helps the different levels of clientele:
individual, family, and groups in achieving and
maintaining an optimal wellness through
intervention with the goal of reducing stress
factors and its adverse effects to the optimal
functioning of an individual in any given
situation

nursing consists of intervention modalities of
prevention which can be: (1.) primary, (2.)
secondary, (3.) tertiary

12. Health
Sta
bil
it
y
on
a rm
H
y
Flexible Line of Defense
(Primary Prevention)
Normal Line of Defense
(Secondary Prevention)
Lines of Resistance
(Tertiary Prevention)
c
al an
B
W
W
W
W
e l l ne
e l l ne
e l l ne
e l l ne
s
s
s
s
e
CORE
CORE
s
s
s
s
Health

13. Once an individual is exposed to stress,
the flexible line of defense will be “alarmed” to protect the
normal (solid) line of defense to keep the system free from
stressor reactions. However, if this individual is continuously
exposed to stress and if the flexible line of defense is unable
anymore to cope up with the stressors, the normal line of
defense will be altered. If this happens, there will be a
threat to the wall that protects the basic structure of the
individual and therefore causing instability of the systems
and illness develops.

14. Flexible Line of Defense
Normal Line of Defense
STRESSORS
CORE
CORE
(Intrapersonal, Interpersonal,
Extrapersonal)
ILLNESS
Lines of Resistance

15. Thank you!!!