The document outlines Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, which identifies universal self-care requisites and specifies when nursing is needed to help meet a person's self-care needs. The theory also describes three nursing systems - wholly compensatory, partly compensatory, and supportive-educative - that help patients meet their self-care requisites by having the nurse, patient, or both work together. Orem identified five methods nurses can use to help patients: acting for them, doing for them, guiding them, supporting them, and teaching them.

1. Theoretical foundations of
nursing

2. Dorothea E. Orem
The Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory

3. Socio-culture
Basic Assumptions
independent
Nu
rsi
n
g
Self care
Knowledge
Self care OK if
Universal
self-care
requisites OK

5. action
directed
totality of
self care
actions
ability for
engaging
Initiates

7. Theory of self care deficit
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•
•
•
•
•
Specifies when nursing is needed Nursing
Orem identifies 5 methods of helping:
Acting for and doing for others
Guiding others
Supporting another
Providing an environment promoting personal
development in relation to meet future demands
• Teaching another

8. Theory of Nursing Systems
• Describes how the patient’s self care needs
will be met by the nurse , the patient, or both
• Identifies 3 classifications of nursing system to
meet the self care requisites of the patient:• Wholly compensatory system
• Partly compensatory system
• Supportive – educative system