2. Objectives
• Describe WAN telephony technologies,
such as SONET, T1, and T3
• Compare last-mile connections for
connecting homes and businesses to the
Internet
• Discuss and implement various remote
access connections
3. • Tier-1 ISP
– Most long-distance connections that make up
the Internet use the SONET signal type
– Originally designed for heavy-duty circuits like T1
– Most of the high-speed Internet backbone uses
old telephone technologies
4. • The Dawn of Long Distance
– Telephone operator made physical link
– Analog signals lost quality over distance
– Analog required many wires
5. • Long distance a series of trunk lines
– Operator had to connect each intersection
– Circuit switching
• a. Two phones physically on one circuit
• b. Only option for analog long distance
– From analog to digital
• a. Analog adequate through 1930s to 1950s
• b. New digital system needed for heavy load
6. • Types of wiring technologies
– Cable
• Cannot use your own equipment
– Fiber
• In big cities where metropolitan area networks of fiber
have been installed
• Fiber WAN connection easy to install
• Faster than T1
7. • Types of wiring technologies
– Satellite
• Costly solution
• Efficiency affected by weather
– DSL
• Only for Internet connections
• Really a last mile issue
8. • Cable Modems
– Added service from cable TV providers
– Cable TV industry modified infrastructure
– Cable modems now very common
– Theoretical speed: 10 to 27 Mbps
9. • Satellite
– 1. Only option for some remote locations
– 2. One-way
• Download from satellite
• Upload using a PSN connection
– 3. Two-way
• Download and upload via satellite
– 4. Slower than DSL or cable modem
– 5. Faster than PSTN
– 6. Requires satellite antenna
– 7. Connects to a satellite modem
– 8. Modem connects to PC NIC or network
10. • Wireless
– Two types of service
• Mobile data services (cellular network)
– a. GSM
– b. GRPS
– c. EDGE
– d. HSPDA
• 802.11
– a. Wireless LAN standard
– b. Not really a WAN solution
11. • Fiber
– Telephone providers lost share to cable
companies
– Fiber-to-the-home/fiber-to-the-premises
• Telco competition to cable
• U.S. providers
– AT&T (U-verse)
– Verizon (FiOS)
– Speeds will increase to over 100 Mbps
