SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 57
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Residential Water Heating
Energy Design Conference, Duluth

Ben Schoenbauer, CEE
February, 25th, 2014
In accordance with the Department of Labor and
Industry’s statute 326.0981, Subd. 11,
“This educational offering is recognized by the Minnesota
Department of Labor and Industry as satisfying 1.5
hours of credit toward Building Officials, Residential
Contractors and Plumbing continuing education
requirements.”

For additional continuing education approvals, please
see your credit tracking card.

Pg. 2
About CEE
The Center for Energy and Environment (CEE) is a
nonprofit organization that promotes energy efficiency to
strengthen the economy while improving the
environment.
CEE conducts research and develops programs so that:
• Businesses operate more efficiently and profitably;
• Government agencies and nonprofits spend less on
facilities and functions;
• Utilities achieve their energy-efficiency goals at leastcost; and
• Households save money and improve comfort.
Pg. 3
Support for Water Heating Projects
• Minnesota CARD Grants
• MN Department of Commerce
• To identify new technologies or strategies to maximize energy
savings, improve the effectiveness of energy conservation
programs in order to help utilities to achieve the annual state
energy conservation goal of 1.5 percent

• Building America
• Department of Energy
• Conducts research to continually develop innovative, costeffective energy saving solutions—better products, better new
homes, better ways to improve older homes, and better
buildings in which we work, shop, and lead our everyday lives.

Pg. 4
Agenda
• Natural Gas Water Heating
• Electric Water Heating
• New Developments in Water Heating

Pg. 5
Water Heating Technologies
• Natural Gas
• Storage Water Heaters
• Tankless Water Heaters
• Hybrid Water Heaters

• Electric
•
•
•
•

Storage Water Heaters
Tankless Water Heaters
Heat Pump Water Heaters
ETS Water Heaters

Pg. 6
Gas Water Heating
Storage Water Heaters
• Water stored at temperature
• When tank temp drops
below certain temp burner
fires
• Typically volumes greater
that 30 gallons and burners
around 40,000 btu/hr for
whole house

Pg. 8
Storage Water Heaters
• Types:
• Natural Draft
• Power Vent
• Condensing

• Operation:
• Quick response
• Higher stand-by loses
• Potential to run out of hot

Pg. 9
Hot Water Delivery

Pg. 10
Efficiency

Pg. 11
Improving Efficiency
Reducing stand-by loses with an insulation blanket
Improving Efficiency
Reducing stand-by loses by reducing temperature

• Set Temperature Impacts
• Delivered water temperature
• Risk of scalding
• Risk of legionella
Gas Tankless Water Heaters
• Types
• Condensing
• Non-condensing

• Operation
• No storage, water is heated
as needed
• Eliminate stand-by loses
• 80%-95% EF

Pg. 14
Issues Facing Tankless Water Heaters
• Hot water quality
• Delayed delivery time
• Cold water sandwich
• Consistent Supply temperature
• Minimum flow rate for firing
• Performance for multiple simultaneous uses
• Higher installation costs
• Maintenance costs

Pg. 15
Home Owner Survey

Pg. 16
Temperature Profiles

Pg. 17
Cold Water Sandwich

Pg. 18
Home Owner Survey

Pg. 19
Minimum flow rate to fire
•
•
•
•

Minimum flow rate to start is 0.2 GPM
Maximum is 0.66 GPM
Minimum flow rates have improved over time
Some models have “buffer” tanks to reduce minimum
rates to 0
• Stand-by loses are increased for these units

Pg. 20
Home Owner Survey

Pg. 21
Gas Hybrid Water Heaters
• Types
• Small tank (0.5 to 2 gallon) and big burner (up to 199,000
Btu/hr)
• Medium tank (around 20 gallon) and medium burner (100,000
Btu/hr)

• EF 85% to 95%
• Balances benefits and drawbacks of tanks and
tankless
• Water delivery
• Stand by Loses

Pg. 22
Water Delivery Temperature

Pg. 23
Stand-by Loses

• Vary dramatically from
unit to unit
•
•
•
•

Storage volumes
Controls
Insulation levels
Vent loses

Pg. 24
Gas Water Heater Comparison
•
•
•
•

Efficiency
Installation
Safety
Economics

Pg. 25
Condensing Tankless WH (0.87 – 0.95)
Condensing Storage WHs (0.86 – 0.95)
Non-condensing Tankless WH (0.80 – 0.86)
Power Vent Water Heaters (0.60-0.71)

Natural Draft Storage Water Heaters (0.50 – 0.60)

Efficiency

Pg. 26
Tankless Efficiency by Draw Length

Pg. 27
Impact of Stand-by Loss

Pg. 28
Impact of Stand-by on Efficiency

Pg. 29
Installation: Venting

Pg. 30
Installation: Venting

Pg. 31
Larger Burners = Gas Line Upgrades
• Water heaters with burners greater than 100,000 Btu/hr
• Most tankless
• Some condensing storage
• Some hybrid

• Occasionally require a meter upgrade (more common in
older homes and/or homes with lots of gas uses)
• 0 of 25 in our studies

• Sites commonly required a increased size gas line from
the water heater to the gas meter
• 14 of 25 in our studies

Pg. 32
Installation: Other Additions
Condensate Drainage

Electrical
Safety
• Combustion safety
• Lower efficiency natural draft units can have issues
• Power vented and sealed combustion units are safer

• Scalding
• All water heaters

Pg. 34
Savings

Pg. 35
Paybacks

Pg. 36
Electrical Water Heating
Electric Storage
• Water stored at temperature
• When tank temp drops below certain point elements
turn on
• Rated EF from 0.89 to 0.95
• Insulation levels main difference

• Typical input: 4 to 6 kW
• Typically 40 to 60 gallons of storage
• No burner venting results in lower storage loses than
similar gas units
• Hot water delivery similar to gas storage WHs
Pg. 38
Electric tankless
• Major market as point of use heaters
• 3.5 kW on regular electric service – 1 sink
• 5 kW on 240 volt – 1 bathroom
• Reduce distribution loses compared to central system

• Whole house units available for small homes
• Require larger electric hook ups

• Rated EF of 0.90 to 0.95

Pg. 39
Distribution efficiency
• 5% to 27% of hot water is from draws where fixture is
never gets hot (by volume)
• Draws lost 2-8 ºF, 3% to 12% loss
• Depending on usage patterns, hot water left in pipes
can reduce total system efficiencies to less than 25%
• If draws are well grouped these loses are very small

• Point of use heaters can reduces these loses to almost
zero

Pg. 40
Heat Pump Water Heaters
•
•
•
•
•

Integrated heat pump and storage
50 to 80 gallons
COP ~ 2 to 2.5
Optional ducted venting
Cooling capacity of 15 to 30 kBtu/hr
(~1.2 to 2 tons)
• Multiple modes of operation
• Heat pump only
• Hybrid
• Resistance only

Pg. 41
How HPWHs work

Pg. 42
Heap Pump Water Heater Performance

Pg. 43

From: Steven Winter 2011 Measure Guideline for HPWHs
HPWH Space Conditioning Impact
• Lots of modeling around the country still need DATA!!
• Lots of variables:
• Installation location
• In conditioned space – Max effect
• In garage – No effect
• In semi-conditioned (basement/craw space) – secondary effect

• Conditioning load of house and heating equipment
• Efficiency, set points, use, etc

• Limited lab data shows HPWHs deliver ~1 ton of
cooling at 50 gallons per day
Pg. 44
Electric Thermal Storage
• Increases the temperature WH at low electricity use
periods (overnight)
• Not an energy savings measure, but reduces peak
load

• Units typically have larger storage capacity's, 60
gallons plus
• Some units have increased insulation to prevent
increasing stand by loses

Pg. 45
COP for electric water heaters

Pg. 46
Paybacks
• HPWHs on average save $250 per year
• Simple paybacks in typical homes of about 3 years
• CEE developing savings and payback tools for MN CARD
• Watch mncee.org for developments
• Tool will include impacts of
• Installation location
• Impact on space heating load
• Ambient temperatures
• And more…
• Typical Annual Electric Bill 90% = $650
• Typical Annual Gas Bill 60% = $250
Pg. 47
Peak load energy consumption

10 homes

Pg. 48
What to look for in the future
DOE Energy Factor Rating
• Likely changes
•
•
•
•
•

New hot water usage pattern
Multiple daily volume categories by WH size
One rating for a larger range of WHs
Improved accuracy
Controls?

Pg. 50
New Products
• Thermal storage HPWH
• Retrofit high efficiency gas tankless and hybrid
• Gas fired heat pump technology

Pg. 51
Residential Water Heating
Residential Water Heating
Potential Plumbing Code Changes
•
•
•
•

Allowing smaller pipe diameter
Requiring low water volume between WH and fixtures
Pipe insulation guideline/requirements
Recirculation controls

• International Energy Conservation Code (IECC-R and
IECC-C)
• International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical
Officials (IAPMO) Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)

Pg. 54
New Regulations April 2015
• Units greater than 55 gallons will be required to be
HPWHs or condensing gas water heaters
• Impacts
• 30 year costumer savings for $8.7 billion
• Are high efficiency units cost effective? Does it matter?
• Some electric utilities rely on large electric storage water
heaters for thermal storage?
• Potential for a waiver for these programs

Pg. 55
Impact on Inlet Water Temperature

Pg. 56
Seasonal Change in Load

Pg. 57

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

Heat exchanger
Heat exchangerHeat exchanger
Heat exchangerhaviz21
 
Sem 2 bs1 hot water supply system 1
Sem 2 bs1 hot water supply system 1Sem 2 bs1 hot water supply system 1
Sem 2 bs1 hot water supply system 1Est
 
Bs presentation slides
Bs presentation slidesBs presentation slides
Bs presentation slidesSyafiq Zariful
 
Performance enhancement-of-vcrs-using-lshx
Performance enhancement-of-vcrs-using-lshxPerformance enhancement-of-vcrs-using-lshx
Performance enhancement-of-vcrs-using-lshxBipinKumarJha1
 
HISTORY: Early Christian Architecture 1.0
HISTORY: Early Christian Architecture 1.0HISTORY: Early Christian Architecture 1.0
HISTORY: Early Christian Architecture 1.0ArchiEducPH
 
Thermal power plant
Thermal power plantThermal power plant
Thermal power plantvivek maurya
 
Planning and design of building services in multi Story
Planning and design of building services in multi Story Planning and design of building services in multi Story
Planning and design of building services in multi Story Vj NiroSh
 
Heat Load Calculation
Heat Load CalculationHeat Load Calculation
Heat Load CalculationJitendra Jha
 
Boiler Drum And Its Internals
Boiler Drum And Its InternalsBoiler Drum And Its Internals
Boiler Drum And Its InternalsAshrant Dass
 
High pressure boilers 050,18,48
High pressure boilers 050,18,48High pressure boilers 050,18,48
High pressure boilers 050,18,48Maharshi Soni
 
Constant pressure process
Constant pressure processConstant pressure process
Constant pressure processDarshil Vekaria
 
Pipes, fittings-fixtures and appliance
Pipes, fittings-fixtures and appliancePipes, fittings-fixtures and appliance
Pipes, fittings-fixtures and applianceHarsha Singh
 
Vapor compression refrigeration cycle
Vapor compression refrigeration cycleVapor compression refrigeration cycle
Vapor compression refrigeration cyclepradosh a c
 
Philippine Churches Architechture
Philippine Churches ArchitechturePhilippine Churches Architechture
Philippine Churches ArchitechtureEdison Dela Merced
 
Byzantine and Christian Architecture
Byzantine and Christian ArchitectureByzantine and Christian Architecture
Byzantine and Christian ArchitectureRhythm Murgai
 

La actualidad más candente (20)

Heat exchanger
Heat exchangerHeat exchanger
Heat exchanger
 
Sem 2 bs1 hot water supply system 1
Sem 2 bs1 hot water supply system 1Sem 2 bs1 hot water supply system 1
Sem 2 bs1 hot water supply system 1
 
Bs presentation slides
Bs presentation slidesBs presentation slides
Bs presentation slides
 
Performance enhancement-of-vcrs-using-lshx
Performance enhancement-of-vcrs-using-lshxPerformance enhancement-of-vcrs-using-lshx
Performance enhancement-of-vcrs-using-lshx
 
HISTORY: Early Christian Architecture 1.0
HISTORY: Early Christian Architecture 1.0HISTORY: Early Christian Architecture 1.0
HISTORY: Early Christian Architecture 1.0
 
Thermal power plant
Thermal power plantThermal power plant
Thermal power plant
 
Planning and design of building services in multi Story
Planning and design of building services in multi Story Planning and design of building services in multi Story
Planning and design of building services in multi Story
 
Heat Load Calculation
Heat Load CalculationHeat Load Calculation
Heat Load Calculation
 
Boiler Drum And Its Internals
Boiler Drum And Its InternalsBoiler Drum And Its Internals
Boiler Drum And Its Internals
 
High pressure boilers 050,18,48
High pressure boilers 050,18,48High pressure boilers 050,18,48
High pressure boilers 050,18,48
 
Plumbing
PlumbingPlumbing
Plumbing
 
Constant pressure process
Constant pressure processConstant pressure process
Constant pressure process
 
Pipes, fittings-fixtures and appliance
Pipes, fittings-fixtures and appliancePipes, fittings-fixtures and appliance
Pipes, fittings-fixtures and appliance
 
Refrigeration and air conditioning RAC
Refrigeration and air conditioning RACRefrigeration and air conditioning RAC
Refrigeration and air conditioning RAC
 
Boiler draught
Boiler draughtBoiler draught
Boiler draught
 
Vapor compression refrigeration cycle
Vapor compression refrigeration cycleVapor compression refrigeration cycle
Vapor compression refrigeration cycle
 
STEAM POWER PLANT
STEAM POWER PLANTSTEAM POWER PLANT
STEAM POWER PLANT
 
Philippine Churches Architechture
Philippine Churches ArchitechturePhilippine Churches Architechture
Philippine Churches Architechture
 
HOUSE DRAINAGE
 HOUSE DRAINAGE HOUSE DRAINAGE
HOUSE DRAINAGE
 
Byzantine and Christian Architecture
Byzantine and Christian ArchitectureByzantine and Christian Architecture
Byzantine and Christian Architecture
 

Destacado

Practical water heating rev 3
Practical water heating rev 3Practical water heating rev 3
Practical water heating rev 3CFiddner
 
Drain Water Heating Systems - Presented by Gary Proskiw of Proskiw Engineerin...
Drain Water Heating Systems - Presented by Gary Proskiw of Proskiw Engineerin...Drain Water Heating Systems - Presented by Gary Proskiw of Proskiw Engineerin...
Drain Water Heating Systems - Presented by Gary Proskiw of Proskiw Engineerin...Brea Perrelli
 
Master's Thesis Slides
Master's Thesis SlidesMaster's Thesis Slides
Master's Thesis SlidesMatthew Motoki
 
Water Heating Options and Solar Water
Water Heating Options and Solar WaterWater Heating Options and Solar Water
Water Heating Options and Solar WaterJames Pader
 
Natural Ventilation power point
Natural Ventilation power pointNatural Ventilation power point
Natural Ventilation power pointPaul Derwin
 
Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial sc...
Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial sc...Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial sc...
Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial sc...icarb
 
Ch 13 Transfer of Heat
Ch 13 Transfer of Heat Ch 13 Transfer of Heat
Ch 13 Transfer of Heat Scott Thomas
 
HVAC Service Class
HVAC Service ClassHVAC Service Class
HVAC Service Classadadams
 
HVAC Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings
HVAC Energy Efficiency in Commercial BuildingsHVAC Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings
HVAC Energy Efficiency in Commercial BuildingsAlan Richardson
 
Natural ventilation
Natural ventilationNatural ventilation
Natural ventilationAming Osman
 
Illumination - Types of lamps
Illumination - Types of lampsIllumination - Types of lamps
Illumination - Types of lampsVijay Raskar
 
Solar passive architecture
Solar passive architectureSolar passive architecture
Solar passive architectureskullcrusher
 
A complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumar
A complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumarA complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumar
A complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumarrajaricky
 
Case Study of Energy Audit
Case Study of Energy Audit Case Study of Energy Audit
Case Study of Energy Audit Darshan Vithani
 
Different types of lamps
Different  types of lampsDifferent  types of lamps
Different types of lampsMadhav Chhabra
 
Passive solar buildings
Passive solar buildingsPassive solar buildings
Passive solar buildingsSowmya Rangu
 

Destacado (20)

Practical water heating rev 3
Practical water heating rev 3Practical water heating rev 3
Practical water heating rev 3
 
Drain Water Heating Systems - Presented by Gary Proskiw of Proskiw Engineerin...
Drain Water Heating Systems - Presented by Gary Proskiw of Proskiw Engineerin...Drain Water Heating Systems - Presented by Gary Proskiw of Proskiw Engineerin...
Drain Water Heating Systems - Presented by Gary Proskiw of Proskiw Engineerin...
 
Master's Thesis Slides
Master's Thesis SlidesMaster's Thesis Slides
Master's Thesis Slides
 
Water Heating Options and Solar Water
Water Heating Options and Solar WaterWater Heating Options and Solar Water
Water Heating Options and Solar Water
 
Water
WaterWater
Water
 
Natural Ventilation power point
Natural Ventilation power pointNatural Ventilation power point
Natural Ventilation power point
 
Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial sc...
Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial sc...Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial sc...
Storages for (solar) heating systems at domestic, community and industrial sc...
 
Energy-Efficiency Options for Residential Water Heating
Energy-Efficiency Options for Residential Water HeatingEnergy-Efficiency Options for Residential Water Heating
Energy-Efficiency Options for Residential Water Heating
 
Ch 13 Transfer of Heat
Ch 13 Transfer of Heat Ch 13 Transfer of Heat
Ch 13 Transfer of Heat
 
HVAC Service Class
HVAC Service ClassHVAC Service Class
HVAC Service Class
 
HVAC Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings
HVAC Energy Efficiency in Commercial BuildingsHVAC Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings
HVAC Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings
 
Natural ventilation
Natural ventilationNatural ventilation
Natural ventilation
 
Illumination - Types of lamps
Illumination - Types of lampsIllumination - Types of lamps
Illumination - Types of lamps
 
Solar passive architecture
Solar passive architectureSolar passive architecture
Solar passive architecture
 
A complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumar
A complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumarA complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumar
A complete Presentation on SOLAR WATER HEATER by himanshu kumar
 
Case Study of Energy Audit
Case Study of Energy Audit Case Study of Energy Audit
Case Study of Energy Audit
 
Types of Lamps
Types of LampsTypes of Lamps
Types of Lamps
 
Different types of lamps
Different  types of lampsDifferent  types of lamps
Different types of lamps
 
Passive solar buildings
Passive solar buildingsPassive solar buildings
Passive solar buildings
 
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
ARCHITECTURAL STYLESARCHITECTURAL STYLES
ARCHITECTURAL STYLES
 

Similar a Residential Water Heating

Quantifying Energy Savings from Heat Pump Water Heaters in Cold Climate Homes
Quantifying Energy Savings from Heat Pump Water Heaters in Cold Climate HomesQuantifying Energy Savings from Heat Pump Water Heaters in Cold Climate Homes
Quantifying Energy Savings from Heat Pump Water Heaters in Cold Climate HomesCenter for Energy and Environment
 
Leisure centres heat pumps, indoor pools & heat recovery
Leisure centres   heat pumps, indoor pools & heat recoveryLeisure centres   heat pumps, indoor pools & heat recovery
Leisure centres heat pumps, indoor pools & heat recoveryTony Sweet
 
NESEA Building Energy 2015: PV and Heat Pumps
NESEA Building Energy 2015: PV and Heat PumpsNESEA Building Energy 2015: PV and Heat Pumps
NESEA Building Energy 2015: PV and Heat Pumpsfortunatmueller
 
Multifamily Central Ventilation Assessment and Retrofit Techniques
 Multifamily Central Ventilation Assessment and Retrofit Techniques Multifamily Central Ventilation Assessment and Retrofit Techniques
Multifamily Central Ventilation Assessment and Retrofit TechniquesCenter for Energy and Environment
 
Stoney River Energy Analysis
Stoney River Energy AnalysisStoney River Energy Analysis
Stoney River Energy Analysisscottthorpe
 
Green buildings : Challange in Operation and Maintenance
Green buildings : Challange in Operation and MaintenanceGreen buildings : Challange in Operation and Maintenance
Green buildings : Challange in Operation and MaintenanceTejwant Navalkar
 
Energy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and Engineers
Energy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and EngineersEnergy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and Engineers
Energy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and Engineersenergytrustor
 
Performance and Optimization of Residential Condensing Combi Systems
Performance and Optimization of Residential Condensing Combi SystemsPerformance and Optimization of Residential Condensing Combi Systems
Performance and Optimization of Residential Condensing Combi SystemsCenter for Energy and Environment
 

Similar a Residential Water Heating (20)

Saving Energy in Existing Multifamily Buildings
Saving Energy in Existing Multifamily BuildingsSaving Energy in Existing Multifamily Buildings
Saving Energy in Existing Multifamily Buildings
 
Combined Space and Water Heating: Making it Work
Combined Space and Water Heating: Making it WorkCombined Space and Water Heating: Making it Work
Combined Space and Water Heating: Making it Work
 
Quantifying Energy Savings from Heat Pump Water Heaters in Cold Climate Homes
Quantifying Energy Savings from Heat Pump Water Heaters in Cold Climate HomesQuantifying Energy Savings from Heat Pump Water Heaters in Cold Climate Homes
Quantifying Energy Savings from Heat Pump Water Heaters in Cold Climate Homes
 
Saving Energy in Existing Multifamily Buildings
Saving Energy in Existing Multifamily BuildingsSaving Energy in Existing Multifamily Buildings
Saving Energy in Existing Multifamily Buildings
 
Condensing Boiler Optimization
Condensing Boiler OptimizationCondensing Boiler Optimization
Condensing Boiler Optimization
 
Condensing Boiler Optimization
Condensing Boiler OptimizationCondensing Boiler Optimization
Condensing Boiler Optimization
 
Condensing Boiler Optimization
Condensing Boiler OptimizationCondensing Boiler Optimization
Condensing Boiler Optimization
 
Webinar- Air Source Heat Pumps: Cold Climate Ready
Webinar- Air Source Heat Pumps: Cold Climate ReadyWebinar- Air Source Heat Pumps: Cold Climate Ready
Webinar- Air Source Heat Pumps: Cold Climate Ready
 
Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps: Insights form the Field
Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps: Insights form the FieldCold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps: Insights form the Field
Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps: Insights form the Field
 
Condensing Boilers
Condensing BoilersCondensing Boilers
Condensing Boilers
 
Leisure centres heat pumps, indoor pools & heat recovery
Leisure centres   heat pumps, indoor pools & heat recoveryLeisure centres   heat pumps, indoor pools & heat recovery
Leisure centres heat pumps, indoor pools & heat recovery
 
Condensing Boilers: Are they cost effective?
Condensing Boilers: Are they cost effective?Condensing Boilers: Are they cost effective?
Condensing Boilers: Are they cost effective?
 
NESEA Building Energy 2015: PV and Heat Pumps
NESEA Building Energy 2015: PV and Heat PumpsNESEA Building Energy 2015: PV and Heat Pumps
NESEA Building Energy 2015: PV and Heat Pumps
 
Multifamily Central Ventilation Assessment and Retrofit Techniques
 Multifamily Central Ventilation Assessment and Retrofit Techniques Multifamily Central Ventilation Assessment and Retrofit Techniques
Multifamily Central Ventilation Assessment and Retrofit Techniques
 
Stoney River Energy Analysis
Stoney River Energy AnalysisStoney River Energy Analysis
Stoney River Energy Analysis
 
INVISTA
INVISTAINVISTA
INVISTA
 
Green buildings : Challange in Operation and Maintenance
Green buildings : Challange in Operation and MaintenanceGreen buildings : Challange in Operation and Maintenance
Green buildings : Challange in Operation and Maintenance
 
Field Performance of Hybrid Gas Water Heaters
Field Performance of Hybrid Gas Water Heaters Field Performance of Hybrid Gas Water Heaters
Field Performance of Hybrid Gas Water Heaters
 
Energy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and Engineers
Energy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and EngineersEnergy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and Engineers
Energy Trust New Buildings: Technical Updates for Modelers and Engineers
 
Performance and Optimization of Residential Condensing Combi Systems
Performance and Optimization of Residential Condensing Combi SystemsPerformance and Optimization of Residential Condensing Combi Systems
Performance and Optimization of Residential Condensing Combi Systems
 

Más de Center for Energy and Environment

Field Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps in Minnesota
Field Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps in MinnesotaField Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps in Minnesota
Field Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps in MinnesotaCenter for Energy and Environment
 
Presentation for Home Energy and Climate Finance and Policy Committee
Presentation for Home Energy and Climate Finance and Policy CommitteePresentation for Home Energy and Climate Finance and Policy Committee
Presentation for Home Energy and Climate Finance and Policy CommitteeCenter for Energy and Environment
 
Results from Commercial Energy Code Compliance Pilot Program
Results from Commercial Energy Code Compliance Pilot ProgramResults from Commercial Energy Code Compliance Pilot Program
Results from Commercial Energy Code Compliance Pilot ProgramCenter for Energy and Environment
 
Humidification Retrofits Deliver Residential Furnace Efficiency
Humidification Retrofits Deliver Residential Furnace EfficiencyHumidification Retrofits Deliver Residential Furnace Efficiency
Humidification Retrofits Deliver Residential Furnace EfficiencyCenter for Energy and Environment
 
Automated House Sealing - Aerosol Envelope Sealing of New Homes
Automated House Sealing - Aerosol Envelope Sealing of New HomesAutomated House Sealing - Aerosol Envelope Sealing of New Homes
Automated House Sealing - Aerosol Envelope Sealing of New HomesCenter for Energy and Environment
 
Demand Control Systems Deliver Efficiency in Commercial Hot Water Use
Demand Control Systems Deliver Efficiency in Commercial Hot Water UseDemand Control Systems Deliver Efficiency in Commercial Hot Water Use
Demand Control Systems Deliver Efficiency in Commercial Hot Water UseCenter for Energy and Environment
 
New Technology for Efficient Multifamily Building Envelope Sealing
New Technology for Efficient Multifamily Building Envelope SealingNew Technology for Efficient Multifamily Building Envelope Sealing
New Technology for Efficient Multifamily Building Envelope SealingCenter for Energy and Environment
 
Project Kickoff Webinar Slides: MN Energy Efficiency & Carbon Saving Potentia...
Project Kickoff Webinar Slides: MN Energy Efficiency & Carbon Saving Potentia...Project Kickoff Webinar Slides: MN Energy Efficiency & Carbon Saving Potentia...
Project Kickoff Webinar Slides: MN Energy Efficiency & Carbon Saving Potentia...Center for Energy and Environment
 

Más de Center for Energy and Environment (20)

Field Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps in Minnesota
Field Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps in MinnesotaField Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps in Minnesota
Field Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps in Minnesota
 
Presentation for Home Energy and Climate Finance and Policy Committee
Presentation for Home Energy and Climate Finance and Policy CommitteePresentation for Home Energy and Climate Finance and Policy Committee
Presentation for Home Energy and Climate Finance and Policy Committee
 
Achieving a Healthy Low-Carbon Economy in Minnesota
Achieving a Healthy Low-Carbon Economy in MinnesotaAchieving a Healthy Low-Carbon Economy in Minnesota
Achieving a Healthy Low-Carbon Economy in Minnesota
 
Field Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps
Field Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat PumpsField Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps
Field Assessment of Cold-Climate Air-Source Heat Pumps
 
Results from Commercial Energy Code Compliance Pilot Program
Results from Commercial Energy Code Compliance Pilot ProgramResults from Commercial Energy Code Compliance Pilot Program
Results from Commercial Energy Code Compliance Pilot Program
 
Really Selling Efficiency
Really Selling EfficiencyReally Selling Efficiency
Really Selling Efficiency
 
CEE's Strategic Electrification Forum
CEE's Strategic Electrification ForumCEE's Strategic Electrification Forum
CEE's Strategic Electrification Forum
 
Humidification Retrofits Deliver Residential Furnace Efficiency
Humidification Retrofits Deliver Residential Furnace EfficiencyHumidification Retrofits Deliver Residential Furnace Efficiency
Humidification Retrofits Deliver Residential Furnace Efficiency
 
Automated House Sealing - Aerosol Envelope Sealing of New Homes
Automated House Sealing - Aerosol Envelope Sealing of New HomesAutomated House Sealing - Aerosol Envelope Sealing of New Homes
Automated House Sealing - Aerosol Envelope Sealing of New Homes
 
Demand Control Systems Deliver Efficiency in Commercial Hot Water Use
Demand Control Systems Deliver Efficiency in Commercial Hot Water UseDemand Control Systems Deliver Efficiency in Commercial Hot Water Use
Demand Control Systems Deliver Efficiency in Commercial Hot Water Use
 
Energy Fit Homes - Realtor Benefits
Energy Fit Homes - Realtor BenefitsEnergy Fit Homes - Realtor Benefits
Energy Fit Homes - Realtor Benefits
 
Optimized Operation of Indoor Public Pool Facilities
Optimized Operation of Indoor Public Pool FacilitiesOptimized Operation of Indoor Public Pool Facilities
Optimized Operation of Indoor Public Pool Facilities
 
Deep Carbonization
Deep CarbonizationDeep Carbonization
Deep Carbonization
 
Small Embedded Data Center Pilot
Small Embedded Data Center PilotSmall Embedded Data Center Pilot
Small Embedded Data Center Pilot
 
The Ons & Offs of ERV Effectiveness
The Ons & Offs of ERV EffectivenessThe Ons & Offs of ERV Effectiveness
The Ons & Offs of ERV Effectiveness
 
New Technology for Efficient Multifamily Building Envelope Sealing
New Technology for Efficient Multifamily Building Envelope SealingNew Technology for Efficient Multifamily Building Envelope Sealing
New Technology for Efficient Multifamily Building Envelope Sealing
 
Cost-Effective Duct Retrofit & Leakage Reduction
Cost-Effective Duct Retrofit & Leakage ReductionCost-Effective Duct Retrofit & Leakage Reduction
Cost-Effective Duct Retrofit & Leakage Reduction
 
Supporting energy design performance thru code compliance
Supporting energy design performance thru code complianceSupporting energy design performance thru code compliance
Supporting energy design performance thru code compliance
 
Commercial Condensing Boiler Optimization
Commercial Condensing Boiler OptimizationCommercial Condensing Boiler Optimization
Commercial Condensing Boiler Optimization
 
Project Kickoff Webinar Slides: MN Energy Efficiency & Carbon Saving Potentia...
Project Kickoff Webinar Slides: MN Energy Efficiency & Carbon Saving Potentia...Project Kickoff Webinar Slides: MN Energy Efficiency & Carbon Saving Potentia...
Project Kickoff Webinar Slides: MN Energy Efficiency & Carbon Saving Potentia...
 

Último

Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...DianaGray10
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1DianaGray10
 
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.YounusS2
 
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDEADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDELiveplex
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesMd Hossain Ali
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaborationbruanjhuli
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7DianaGray10
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-pyJamie (Taka) Wang
 
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfJamie (Taka) Wang
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Websitedgelyza
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8DianaGray10
 
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfUiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfDianaGray10
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding TeamAdam Moalla
 
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfMachine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfAijun Zhang
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsSeth Reyes
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdfPedro Manuel
 
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...Aggregage
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Adtran
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Commit University
 

Último (20)

Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
Connector Corner: Extending LLM automation use cases with UiPath GenAI connec...
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
 
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
Basic Building Blocks of Internet of Things.
 
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDEADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
ADOPTING WEB 3 FOR YOUR BUSINESS: A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
 
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online CollaborationCOMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
COMPUTER 10: Lesson 7 - File Storage and Online Collaboration
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
 
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 8
 
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdfUiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
UiPath Solutions Management Preview - Northern CA Chapter - March 22.pdf
 
20230104 - machine vision
20230104 - machine vision20230104 - machine vision
20230104 - machine vision
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
 
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdfMachine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
Machine Learning Model Validation (Aijun Zhang 2024).pdf
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
 
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
The Data Metaverse: Unpacking the Roles, Use Cases, and Tech Trends in Data a...
 
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
Meet the new FSP 3000 M-Flex800™
 
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
Crea il tuo assistente AI con lo Stregatto (open source python framework)
 

Residential Water Heating

  • 1. Residential Water Heating Energy Design Conference, Duluth Ben Schoenbauer, CEE February, 25th, 2014
  • 2. In accordance with the Department of Labor and Industry’s statute 326.0981, Subd. 11, “This educational offering is recognized by the Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry as satisfying 1.5 hours of credit toward Building Officials, Residential Contractors and Plumbing continuing education requirements.” For additional continuing education approvals, please see your credit tracking card. Pg. 2
  • 3. About CEE The Center for Energy and Environment (CEE) is a nonprofit organization that promotes energy efficiency to strengthen the economy while improving the environment. CEE conducts research and develops programs so that: • Businesses operate more efficiently and profitably; • Government agencies and nonprofits spend less on facilities and functions; • Utilities achieve their energy-efficiency goals at leastcost; and • Households save money and improve comfort. Pg. 3
  • 4. Support for Water Heating Projects • Minnesota CARD Grants • MN Department of Commerce • To identify new technologies or strategies to maximize energy savings, improve the effectiveness of energy conservation programs in order to help utilities to achieve the annual state energy conservation goal of 1.5 percent • Building America • Department of Energy • Conducts research to continually develop innovative, costeffective energy saving solutions—better products, better new homes, better ways to improve older homes, and better buildings in which we work, shop, and lead our everyday lives. Pg. 4
  • 5. Agenda • Natural Gas Water Heating • Electric Water Heating • New Developments in Water Heating Pg. 5
  • 6. Water Heating Technologies • Natural Gas • Storage Water Heaters • Tankless Water Heaters • Hybrid Water Heaters • Electric • • • • Storage Water Heaters Tankless Water Heaters Heat Pump Water Heaters ETS Water Heaters Pg. 6
  • 8. Storage Water Heaters • Water stored at temperature • When tank temp drops below certain temp burner fires • Typically volumes greater that 30 gallons and burners around 40,000 btu/hr for whole house Pg. 8
  • 9. Storage Water Heaters • Types: • Natural Draft • Power Vent • Condensing • Operation: • Quick response • Higher stand-by loses • Potential to run out of hot Pg. 9
  • 12. Improving Efficiency Reducing stand-by loses with an insulation blanket
  • 13. Improving Efficiency Reducing stand-by loses by reducing temperature • Set Temperature Impacts • Delivered water temperature • Risk of scalding • Risk of legionella
  • 14. Gas Tankless Water Heaters • Types • Condensing • Non-condensing • Operation • No storage, water is heated as needed • Eliminate stand-by loses • 80%-95% EF Pg. 14
  • 15. Issues Facing Tankless Water Heaters • Hot water quality • Delayed delivery time • Cold water sandwich • Consistent Supply temperature • Minimum flow rate for firing • Performance for multiple simultaneous uses • Higher installation costs • Maintenance costs Pg. 15
  • 20. Minimum flow rate to fire • • • • Minimum flow rate to start is 0.2 GPM Maximum is 0.66 GPM Minimum flow rates have improved over time Some models have “buffer” tanks to reduce minimum rates to 0 • Stand-by loses are increased for these units Pg. 20
  • 22. Gas Hybrid Water Heaters • Types • Small tank (0.5 to 2 gallon) and big burner (up to 199,000 Btu/hr) • Medium tank (around 20 gallon) and medium burner (100,000 Btu/hr) • EF 85% to 95% • Balances benefits and drawbacks of tanks and tankless • Water delivery • Stand by Loses Pg. 22
  • 24. Stand-by Loses • Vary dramatically from unit to unit • • • • Storage volumes Controls Insulation levels Vent loses Pg. 24
  • 25. Gas Water Heater Comparison • • • • Efficiency Installation Safety Economics Pg. 25
  • 26. Condensing Tankless WH (0.87 – 0.95) Condensing Storage WHs (0.86 – 0.95) Non-condensing Tankless WH (0.80 – 0.86) Power Vent Water Heaters (0.60-0.71) Natural Draft Storage Water Heaters (0.50 – 0.60) Efficiency Pg. 26
  • 27. Tankless Efficiency by Draw Length Pg. 27
  • 28. Impact of Stand-by Loss Pg. 28
  • 29. Impact of Stand-by on Efficiency Pg. 29
  • 32. Larger Burners = Gas Line Upgrades • Water heaters with burners greater than 100,000 Btu/hr • Most tankless • Some condensing storage • Some hybrid • Occasionally require a meter upgrade (more common in older homes and/or homes with lots of gas uses) • 0 of 25 in our studies • Sites commonly required a increased size gas line from the water heater to the gas meter • 14 of 25 in our studies Pg. 32
  • 34. Safety • Combustion safety • Lower efficiency natural draft units can have issues • Power vented and sealed combustion units are safer • Scalding • All water heaters Pg. 34
  • 38. Electric Storage • Water stored at temperature • When tank temp drops below certain point elements turn on • Rated EF from 0.89 to 0.95 • Insulation levels main difference • Typical input: 4 to 6 kW • Typically 40 to 60 gallons of storage • No burner venting results in lower storage loses than similar gas units • Hot water delivery similar to gas storage WHs Pg. 38
  • 39. Electric tankless • Major market as point of use heaters • 3.5 kW on regular electric service – 1 sink • 5 kW on 240 volt – 1 bathroom • Reduce distribution loses compared to central system • Whole house units available for small homes • Require larger electric hook ups • Rated EF of 0.90 to 0.95 Pg. 39
  • 40. Distribution efficiency • 5% to 27% of hot water is from draws where fixture is never gets hot (by volume) • Draws lost 2-8 ºF, 3% to 12% loss • Depending on usage patterns, hot water left in pipes can reduce total system efficiencies to less than 25% • If draws are well grouped these loses are very small • Point of use heaters can reduces these loses to almost zero Pg. 40
  • 41. Heat Pump Water Heaters • • • • • Integrated heat pump and storage 50 to 80 gallons COP ~ 2 to 2.5 Optional ducted venting Cooling capacity of 15 to 30 kBtu/hr (~1.2 to 2 tons) • Multiple modes of operation • Heat pump only • Hybrid • Resistance only Pg. 41
  • 43. Heap Pump Water Heater Performance Pg. 43 From: Steven Winter 2011 Measure Guideline for HPWHs
  • 44. HPWH Space Conditioning Impact • Lots of modeling around the country still need DATA!! • Lots of variables: • Installation location • In conditioned space – Max effect • In garage – No effect • In semi-conditioned (basement/craw space) – secondary effect • Conditioning load of house and heating equipment • Efficiency, set points, use, etc • Limited lab data shows HPWHs deliver ~1 ton of cooling at 50 gallons per day Pg. 44
  • 45. Electric Thermal Storage • Increases the temperature WH at low electricity use periods (overnight) • Not an energy savings measure, but reduces peak load • Units typically have larger storage capacity's, 60 gallons plus • Some units have increased insulation to prevent increasing stand by loses Pg. 45
  • 46. COP for electric water heaters Pg. 46
  • 47. Paybacks • HPWHs on average save $250 per year • Simple paybacks in typical homes of about 3 years • CEE developing savings and payback tools for MN CARD • Watch mncee.org for developments • Tool will include impacts of • Installation location • Impact on space heating load • Ambient temperatures • And more… • Typical Annual Electric Bill 90% = $650 • Typical Annual Gas Bill 60% = $250 Pg. 47
  • 48. Peak load energy consumption 10 homes Pg. 48
  • 49. What to look for in the future
  • 50. DOE Energy Factor Rating • Likely changes • • • • • New hot water usage pattern Multiple daily volume categories by WH size One rating for a larger range of WHs Improved accuracy Controls? Pg. 50
  • 51. New Products • Thermal storage HPWH • Retrofit high efficiency gas tankless and hybrid • Gas fired heat pump technology Pg. 51
  • 54. Potential Plumbing Code Changes • • • • Allowing smaller pipe diameter Requiring low water volume between WH and fixtures Pipe insulation guideline/requirements Recirculation controls • International Energy Conservation Code (IECC-R and IECC-C) • International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) Pg. 54
  • 55. New Regulations April 2015 • Units greater than 55 gallons will be required to be HPWHs or condensing gas water heaters • Impacts • 30 year costumer savings for $8.7 billion • Are high efficiency units cost effective? Does it matter? • Some electric utilities rely on large electric storage water heaters for thermal storage? • Potential for a waiver for these programs Pg. 55
  • 56. Impact on Inlet Water Temperature Pg. 56
  • 57. Seasonal Change in Load Pg. 57