Design frameworks offer substantial benefits to all parties involved in creating high quality user experiences. Frameworks allow designers to better adapt to the rapid shifts in the digital environment by leveraging modularity and structure, and accommodating the far-reaching changes inherent in the rise of co-creative dynamics. This presentation - part of a full-day workshop delivered at the 2009 Information Architecture Summit - identifies the elements common to all design frameworks, and offers best practices on effectively putting frameworks into practice. Altogether, it is a short course in the creation and use of customized design frameworks.
2. Joe Lamantia
Design, technology & business since 1996
Architect > Management Consultant
Speak and write on diverse topics: ubicomp
twitter: moJoe
joelamantia.com
joe.lamantia@gmail.com
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3. Media Catalyst is a full service interactive agency
with ofices in Europe and North America
I
Amsterdam Malta New York Los Angeles
NY
4. Add frameworks to
your toolkit
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Beyond Findability: Frameworks IA Summit 2009 | Joe Lamantia | MediaCatalyst
5. Give up control...
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6. Gain influence!
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7. Why Frameworks Matter
Frameworks 101
An example
Succeeding With Frameworks
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8. Framework:
A structure for supporting or enclosing something
else, especially a skeletal support used as the
basis for something being constructed.
A fundamental structure, as for a written work.
A set of assumptions, concepts, values, and
practices that constitutes a way of viewing reality.
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17. “What I want to talk about is
the problem of manipulating
and controlling things on a
small scale.quot;
Thereʼs Plenty of Room at the Bottom 1959
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18. Larger
Services Clouds
Sites Web app
Pages
API
Posts
Feed
Objects
Apps
Tweets
Widgets
Links
Tags Embeds
Smaller 18
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19. Information
environments are
increasingly
structured, at all
levels of scale.
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20. Modularity
“...the degree to which a systemʼs
components may be separated and
recombined.”
“both the tightness of coupling between
components, and the degree to which the
“rules” of the system architecture enable
(or prohibit) the mixing and matching of
components.
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21. Web
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22. Browser
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23. Desktop
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24. Mobile
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25. Multitouch
Displays
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27. Powers of 10
1. Where do you see modularity?
2. What kind of modularity?
3. What levels of structure?
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28. Modular America
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Emergence of an American Way
“uniquely American tendency to
organize cultural artifacts out of
component parts rather than
structured wholes”
...it has affected cultural domains as
diverse as manufacturing,
architecture, education, and jazz.
modularity opens new perspectives
on American culture as a whole.”
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29. Identity Public
Chi.mp
Work
Friends
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30. Structuration
good!
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34. We were used to having walls.
Context was key, but context depends
on there being walls.
Online, there are no walls.
The walls have come crumbling down.
boyd, danah. 2007. quot;Incantations for Muggles: The Role of Ubiquitous Web 2.0 Technologies in
Everyday Life.quot; O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference, San Diego, CA. March 28.
http://www.danah.org/papers/Etech2007.html
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35. Take Away
Digital objects are portable
» People choose and manage streams of content functionality
» Common structure allows easy manipulation
» RSS, microformats, APIs, metadata, SOA, file formats
» Environment provides shared services
» OpenSocial, openID, cloud computing, analytics, search
» Digital atoms are ʻvisibleʼ accessible
36. Convergence
Media platforms converge
» Experiences span multiple media, channels, formats
» Narrative, interaction, emotional elements must sustain transitions
» Platforms and delivery converge
» Game console, PC, media center, time-shift [Tivo], data backup [Time Machine]
» Advertising permeates all experience environments
» Social networks, virtual worlds, game experiences, film, UGC, widgets, environmental services (search)
37. Digital = Social
Experiences have a ʻsocial layerʼ
» Social interactions are the source of experience value
» New environments are primarily social
» Networks become primary organizing structures
» Experiences shaped by linked overlapping networks
» Exchanges occur via marketplaces
(information, services, goods, reputation)
42. Future Contexts
Ubiquitous computing
Spimes
Augmented reality
Games vs. reality inversion
Digital singularity
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43. Wikitude
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44. In the future, an object's life begins on a graphics
screen. It is born digital. Its design specs accompany it
throughout its life.
It is inseparable from that original digital blueprint, which
rules the material world.
When Blobjects Rule the Earth
by Bruce Sterling
SIGGRAPH, Los Angeles, August 2004
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45. Information Shadows
Once you have the capability uniquely identify anything
immediately, you can attach meta information to it. Any
meta-information. How much is this worth on eBay? Which
of my friends has one? Will this go with my Momʼs china?
Will it make me sick if I eat it? Was it made by children?
I call this digital representation as accessed through a
unique ID, an objectʼs “information shadow” and I now see
them attached to just about everything.
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46. Service Objects
“...changing the physical object to a service, for which the
thing youʼre looking at is but a single instantiation of that
agreement.
The solid object grows a
dotted line that is filled-in as-
needed, when-needed, and
with the features that are
needed.”
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47. Devices are Service Avatars
“Devices become projections of services. They are physical
manifestations, avatars, projections into physical space of
abstract services, but are not services themselves.”
* Objects become subscriptions.
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48. Granularity
Ubiquitous computing devices can come in all
sorts of sizes and the user experience design for
them must take this into account.
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49. Siftables
Siftables are cookie-sized computers
with motion sensing, neighbor
detection, graphical display, and
wireless communication.
They act in concert to form a single
interface: users physically manipulate
them - piling, grouping, sorting - to
interact with digital information and
media.
Siftables provides a new platform on
which to implement tangible, visual and
mobile applications.
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50. Autonomous Contextual
Graphical display Neighbor detection
Wireless Piling
Motion sensing Grouping
Communication Sorting
{
Framework
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52. Everyone can create (again)
Low-cost, high-quality tools for digital physical creation
Producer vs. consumer distinction dissolves
Business and economic (and political) structures change
Open Source, Open Data, Open Stack
hybrids, ecologies of co-creation
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53. New Creators
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55. Users
Context Content
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56. Loss of
control bad!
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57. Direct Design Complexity
Seatbelts,
Frak Me!
please.
Contexts
Are We
Cake!
There Yet...
Co-creation
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60. How Will Our Role Change
1. Think 5 years ahead
What do you do every day?
Who do you work with?
How do you do it?
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61. It means that developers
will have to
learn how to code pages for
modularity.
sites be mashed up
...letting their
and refactored into tiny pieces all
over the Web, by anyone.
Rafe Needleman
Mozilla Ubiquity, Microsoft IE8, and the fracturing of Web pages
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62. “The systems we keep will be hybrid creations. They will have a strong rootstock of
peer-to-peer generation, grafted below highly refined strains of controlling functions. Sturdy,
robust foundations of user-made content and crowd-sourced innovation will
feed very small slivers of leadership agility. Pure plays of 100% smart mobs or
100% smart elites will be rare.
The real art of business and organizations in the network economy will not be in harnessing the
crowd of quot;everybodyquot; (simple!) but in finding the appropriate hybrid mix of
bottom and top for each niche, at the right time. The mix of control/no-
control will shift as a system grows and matures.”
Kevin Kelly The Bottom is Not Enough
http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/02/the_bottom_is_n.php
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63. quot;I created the platform, and
then I got out of the way.
Sometimes the best thing you
can do is get out of the way.''
Craig Newmark
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/10/10/LVGU693SFD1.DTL
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64. User Experience
Information Information
Architecture Architecture
Whole Parts
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65. Structural Design
standard / protocol
service
framework
network
Designers
Scale system
product
pattern
Co-creators / DIY
template
component
Scope
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66. Whole
Professional
Design
User
Co-creators
Experience
Professional
Design
Parts
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67. Ecology of Co-Creation
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68. Architects define the
frameworks other people use to
build experiences for
themselves, and the world.
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69. Spore
Over 1.8 million creatures
created by people using the
Spore Creature Creator.
..more than the number of
known species in the world
(1.5 million)!
EA was hoping to get 100,000 creatures uploaded by
players with the Creature Editor by September. They hit
that number in 22 hours.
E3 2008: More Creatures in Spore Than in Real Life
By Sam Kennedy, 07/14/2008
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70. Creating
$$
frameworks
allows designers
to sell high value
services.
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71. We have special powers!
human insight
design skills
architecture
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82. Managing Complexity
Frak
Me!
Fr
am
Contexts
ew
or
k
U
til
ity
Co-creation
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83. Co-creation
Whole
Professional
Design
User
Co-creators
Experience
Professional
Design
Parts
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84. Framework
Possibility Space
Instance
Instance
Instance
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85. Everyware
Service
Framework
Avatar
Vehicle
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87. When Frameworks Fail
1. Name some failed frameworks
2. What happened?
3. Why did they fail?
4. Could they have worked?
5. What needed to change?
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88. USSR
complex financial derivatives
Titanic
transportation via dirigibles
nuclear power
Versailles treaty
music business
advertising in social media
printed media
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89. Whatʼs the pattern?
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90. Environmental
change
(assumptions)
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110. Name That Framework
1. Name some framework based
experiences, services, tools.
2. What kind of framework is it?
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111. Linkedin Facebook delicious
Netvibes Pandora Upcoming
Flickr BaseCamp dopplr
MS Sharepoint Blip.fm Etsy
Yelp MySpace CafePress
Blogging YouTube Lulu
services
GoogleMaps Twine
CM Systems
Wikis digg
Ning
Intranets Twitter
Balsamiq
RememberThe friendfeed
Yahoo Pipes Milk
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113. De-construction
1. Pick an experience
2. What is it made of?
3. How do these things relate?
4. What does it include / exclude?
5. What are its boundaries?
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114. Components
114
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115. Relationships
Linking
Grouping
Stacking
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116. Scope
Data
Governance
User Experience
Business Logic Functionality
Administration
Application Logic
Social Dynamics
Narrow* Broad*
*Depends on your viewpoint!
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117. Boundary(s)
Closed
Open
unbounded
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121. Definition
1. What is it meant to do?
2. What kind is it?
3. Who is it for?
4. What does it assume about
the world?
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126. The Box of Chocolates Model
Everything in a portlet
Portlets are islands
Growth = more portlets
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127. No Structure!
No Connection!
No Interaction!
No Context!
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128. Needs
Allow for growth and change
Establish common language for all perspectives
Construct scalable, reusable structures
Encourage high-quality user experiences
Sharing of assets
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130. Purpose: Improve portal experience
Type: Design
Audience: Design, build, IT management
Assumptions: Enterprise environment
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131. Vision: Enterprise Portal Suite
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132. Purpose Components
Type Relationships
Audience Scope
Assumptions Boundaries
{
{
Problem Solution
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133. The Building Blocks System
Basic Principles
Standardized Components
Containers manage content
Connectors define structure navigation
Assembly Rules
Suggested Functionality
Convenience, Utility, Social
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134. Openness
Use blocks for some or all content
Mix blocks and free-form content
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135. Portability
Blocks can be:
• syndicated
• shared
• reused
• placed elsewhere
• duplicated
• moved
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136. Boundary(s)
Building Blocks
Closed Open
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137. Scope
Layering
Blocks can define all layers of an environment
Blocks can cover *any* combination of layers
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138. Scope
Building Blocks
Governance
User Experience
Data
Business Logic
Narrow Broad
Application Logic
Functionality
Administration
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140. Relationships
Inheritance
Blocks inherit from those stacked above:
• content
• properties
• interaction
Inheritance cascades top to bottom
All blocks stacked below inherit from above
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142. Components
Containers
7 types
Begin with Tile, range up to Portal Suite
Smaller Containers deliver content
Larger Containers create structure
Work together with Connectors
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143. Tile
Size: 1
Elements:
Header
Body
[Footer]
143
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144. Section
Size: 5
Elements:
Page (1)
144
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145. Portal Suite
Size: 7
Elements: Portal (1)
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146. Larger
Suite
Portal
Section
Page
View
TileGroup
Tiles
Element
Smaller 146
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147. Components
Relationships
Connectors Overview
8 Connector types
Some enable navigation
Some provide interactivity for Containers
Makeup and behavior defined in detail
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148. Crosswalk Connector
Directly links two individual Containers
148
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149. Section Connector
Links all Sections (1 Page) in a Portal
149
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150. Portal Connector
Links Dashboards Portals in a Suite
150
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151. Larger
Suite Portal Connector
Portal Section Connector
Section Page Connector
Contextual
Page Crosswalk
View Utility Navigation
TileGroup Crosswalk
Tiles Geography Selector
Element Control Bar
Smaller 151
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152. Components
Relationships
Stacking Rules
Assigns “size” to all blocks
Defines possible combinations
Portal Suite 7 Page 4
Portal 6
View 3 Tile 1
Section 5
Tile 1 Tile 1
Page 4
View 3
Tilegroup 2 Tile 1
Tilegroup 2
Tile 1
152
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153. Free-form content
Section Connector
Utility Navigation
Page Connector
Control Bar
Tile
Page
View
Convenience
Functionality
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155. Series of portal efforts
Vendor: strategy, design, build, support
Engaged across enterprise
Building blocks leveraged as:
• Concept language
• Design Tool
• Prototype Accelerator
• Governance Framework
155
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156. Global Executive Portal
Global Leadership Team
Enterprise insight
Business intelligence
156
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159. US Dashboard
US Leadership Team
Major market insight, enhancing dialog
Business intelligence, social commentary
*Introduced social mechanisms
159
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168. Sales Dashboard
Unit Leadership
Unit operations insight
Business intelligence, social asessment
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174. Adapt things as needed
What is the environment?
Is inheritance useful?
Are these the right blocks?
Change or add principles with care
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175. Create new
175
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176. Start simple:
3 Containers
2 Connectors
176
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177. Add only what is essential.
7 Containers
11 Connectors
1 stacking hierarchy
top-down inheritance
177
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178. Larger
Evolution
Suite
Portal
Section
Page
View
TileGroup
Tiles
Element
Smaller 178
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179. Larger
Evolution
Suite Portal Connector
Portal Section Connector
Section Page Connector
Contextual
Page Crosswalk
View Utility Navigation
TileGroup Crosswalk
Tiles Geography Selector
Element Control Bar
Smaller 179
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180. Components
Framework
x = Possibility
Space
Relationships
180
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181. Donʼt Get Carried Away
Largest Structures In the Universe
Your
Framework
181
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182. Use simple language.
Make it relevant.
182
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183. ABC Selling: Always Be Closing
Pitch the outcome, not the framework
Speak the buyersʼ language (IT, user, biz)
Always explain the minimum
Start simple, promise less, do more
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184. Pragmatic Politics
No land grabs
Collaborate on scope boundary
Get a sponsor
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185. Evolving Scope
t
en
em
c
e
gi
nc
ag
c
n
gi
Lo
tio
ie
an
y
Lo
e
lit
er
nc
tra
n
M
na
io
xp
s
na
is
es
ct
at
io
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in
er
du
lic
in
ct
a
dm
ov
se
us
un
pp
ro
at
•G
•D
•U
•A
•P
•B
•F
•A
Narrow Broad
Building Blocks
185
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186. Use the blocks at the right level
How will you use the blocks?
Common language
Reference / example
Starting point for design
Set of defined components
Political shield
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188. Create A Service
1. Think of a common experience
2. Imagine how it could be better
3. Design a framework that makes it better
188
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190. Possible Future Stuff
Wiki
Community of Practice
Patterns Pattern Library
Mailing List, Blog, Feed
Destination
Workshops Seminars
Courses
Book...?
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191. More About the Blocks
@Boxes and Arrows Building Blocks articles
http://www.boxesandarrows.com/person/88-joelamantia
@JoeLamantia.com
Categories: Building Blocks, Dashboards Portals
Tags: building_blocks, executive_dashboards
ia_building_blocks, portals
@del.icio.us: jlamantia
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* Introduction: Modularity in Cross-Cultural Perspective
* Education: The College Curriculum
* Industry: \"The American System of Manufactures\"
* Architecture: The Skyscraper
* Literature: Whitman's Poetry
* Music: Blues and All That Jazz
* Sports: Football in America
* Law: Property, Alienation and Women
* Religion: Disestablishment
* Endings: Historical Explanations and American Ideology
More kinds and sizes of blocks to play with
start small
standardized components allow for growth, change
create reusable structures
organization schemes
mental models
Widgets, feeds, YouTube, Web services, Slideshare, microblogging
Control over the smallest experience elements: videos, posts, ringtones, icons
Implications & Challenges
Broadcast message model replaced by value-add exchanges
forward, embed, share, remix, modify
Atoms of content become seeds for accreted context
Communities create context that drives meaning and value of content
Granular findability, usability, measurement = explicit design concerns
Implications & Challenges
Traditional containers & boundaries are permeable
Channel, genre, format, style, medium
Experiences span media, contexts, identities
Cross-media experiences create multiple interaction points
Digital includes identity, presence, history, interaction, group dynamics
Conversation, exchange, community, social memory, reputation
Social media, virtual worlds, MSO, life streams, microblogs, IM
Implications & Challenges
Identity is shaped by interactions in the social layer
Experience value is determined by individuals
Experience value is influenced by networks
Communities define marketing contexts and opportunities
Each context is different: forums, social networks, virtual worlds, microblogs
Siftables are cookie-sized computers with motion sensing, neighbor detection, graphical display, and wireless communication.
They act in concert to form a single interface: users physically manipulate them - piling, grouping, sorting - to interact with digital information and media.
Siftables provides a new platform on which to implement tangible, visual and mobile applications.
http://siftables.com/
http://vimeo.com/3165011?
Siftables are cookie-sized computers with motion sensing, neighbor detection, graphical display, and wireless communication.
They act in concert to form a single interface: users physically manipulate them - piling, grouping, sorting - to interact with digital information and media.
Siftables provides a new platform on which to implement tangible, visual and mobile applications.
http://siftables.com/
http://vimeo.com/3165011?
Siftables are cookie-sized computers with motion sensing, neighbor detection, graphical display, and wireless communication.
They act in concert to form a single interface: users physically manipulate them - piling, grouping, sorting - to interact with digital information and media.
Siftables provides a new platform on which to implement tangible, visual and mobile applications.
http://siftables.com/
http://vimeo.com/3165011?
Siftables are cookie-sized computers with motion sensing, neighbor detection, graphical display, and wireless communication.
They act in concert to form a single interface: users physically manipulate them - piling, grouping, sorting - to interact with digital information and media.
Siftables provides a new platform on which to implement tangible, visual and mobile applications.
http://siftables.com/
http://vimeo.com/3165011?
People play many roles
Web 2.0, culture of contribution, self-publishing
Commoditized design, development & manufacturing
‘Shadow IT’
Open Source & public data sets
APIs, Web Services, SOA
Mashup infrastructure: Yahoo Pipes, Google Gadgets
Physical goods: fab, ReadyMade, Make
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kongtat/2824592926/
These guys were very good at working with modular components to create high-value user experiences.
None of them have jobs anymore.
How can we avoid this fate?
Closer to home, common examples of frameworks
Slices are built using a combination of protocols, including Microformats, RSS, and new HTML tags that IE uses to demark Slices.
Together, Ubiquity and Web Slices lead me to believe we're entering an era of fracturing Web content. Already we have seen content separated from presentation with RSS, and we've given developers access to online data for their mashups via Web APIs. But the growth of Microformat-coded Web pages will make it possible for users to more easily create their own mashups--personal profile pages that have just the pieces of Web content they want, or e-mail messages made up of live maps, automatically updating weather forecasts, up-to-the-minute travel information, and so on.
It means that developers will have to learn how to code pages for modularity. Conceptually that's not that big a deal, although if coding for Ubiquity and coding for Slices is different, it's going to be a technical mess. What I am waiting to see is how managers wrestle with the branding and revenue implications of letting their sites be mashed up and refactored into tiny pieces all over the Web, by anyone. I predict that the sites that give away the most data will reap the biggest benefits, but that will be a difficult leap of faith for many publishers.
Mozilla Ubiquity, Microsoft IE8, and the fracturing of Web pages
Posted by Rafe Needleman
August 26, 2008 10:39 PM PDT
Kevin Kelly on hybrids
Getting out of the way is fine, but what about the ethical questions?
where is the opportunity for designers?
new wave of patterns, and interest in service design
where is the opportunity for designers?
new wave of patterns, and interest in service design
How will we work together?
Shouldn’t we make sure the tools we create are ethical?
E3 2008: More Creatures in Spore Than in Real Life
Spore already has more creatures than exist in the real world.
By Sam Kennedy, 07/14/2008
Creating frameworks allows designers to provide valuable services and expertise in a cost effective manner
It’s something designers can sell in a commodified digital economy.
Designers have a good combination of human insight and architecture design skills; this hybrid way of thinking can serve as a differentiator and strength.
Technical and social (technosocial)