2nd year secondary

1. Hello 7
Hello 7
Unit : 10
:Presented by
Mr. Ahmed Saleh
Shaymaa Secondary School

2. New Items to be taught in unit: 10
New vocabulary and expressions about *
Where food comes from”, and about “
.genetically modified food
”.The use of “wish *
.Expressing opinions *
.Question Tags *
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3. Vocabulary
fertile ‫خصب‬ ingredients ‫مكونات‬
genetically ‫معدل وراثيا‬ ripen ‫ينضج‬
modified
organic ‫عضوى‬ rot ‫يتعفن‬
non-organic ‫غير عضوى‬ rotten ‫متعفن‬
pesticide ‫مبيد الفات‬ seeds ‫بذور‬
spray ‫يرش‬ starvation ‫مجاعة / الموت‬
‫جوعا‬
agriculture ‫الزراعة‬ starve ‫يموت جوعا‬
fertilizer ‫سماد‬ modify ‫يعدل‬
poisonous ‫سام‬ modification ‫تعديل‬
chemicals ‫مواد كيماوية‬ genetics ‫علم الوراثة‬
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4. genes ‫جينات‬ carbohydrate ‫الكربوهيدرات‬
genetic ‫جينى / وراثى‬ fat ‫دهن‬
genetic engineering ‫هندسة وراثية‬ protein ‫بروتبن‬
modern ‫التكنولوجيا‬ modern farming ‫الزراعة الحديثة‬
technology ‫الحديثة‬
crops ‫محاصيل‬ add ‫يضيف‬
soil ‫تربة‬ attack ‫يهاجم / هجوم‬
genetic structure ‫التركيب الوراثى‬ organic food ‫طعام عضوى‬
improve ‫يحسن‬ food prices ‫أسعار الغذاء‬
disease resistant ‫مقاوم للمرض‬ global warming ‫الحتباس الحرارى‬
organic farming ‫الزراعة العضوية‬ invention ‫اختراع‬
farm ‫يزرع / مزرعة‬ taste ‫يكون له طعم‬
method ‫طريقة‬ produce ‫ينتج‬
chemicals ‫مواد كيماوية‬ production ‫انتاج‬
substance ‫مادة‬ exercise ‫يمارس تمارين‬
insects ‫حشرات‬ cell ‫خلية‬
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5. damage / ‫يتلف / يضر‬ living thing ‫كائن حى‬
‫تلف / ضرر‬
quantity / amount ‫كمية‬ develop ‫يطور‬
quality ‫نوعية / جودة‬ development ‫تنمية / تطوير‬
stream / ‫مجرى ماء / يسيل‬ decay ‫يتحلل / يتعفن‬
‫يتدفق‬
flood ‫يفيض / فيضان‬ hunter ‫صياد‬
natural ‫طبيعى‬ nuts ‫الجوز‬
normal ‫عادى‬ collect ‫يجمع‬
suppose ‫يفترض‬ notice ‫يلحظ‬
contain ‫يحتوى على‬ cultivation ‫الزراعة‬
high yield ‫عالى النتاج‬ irrigation ‫الرى‬
seeds ‫بذور‬ country ‫حدود الدولة‬
borders
roots ‫جذور‬ restrictions ‫قيود‬
laboratory ‫معمل‬ healthy food ‫طعام صحى‬
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6. wild plants ‫نباتات برية‬ label ‫بطاقة أو ملصقة‬
‫صغيرة‬
destroy ‫يدمر / يتلف‬ reference books ‫كتب مراجع‬
surprisingly ‫بصورة مذهلة‬ frequently ‫غالبا‬
hunt ‫يصطاد‬ regularly ‫بانتظام‬
cheese ‫جبنة‬ energy ‫طاقة‬
form ‫شكل‬ butter ‫الزبد‬
remove ‫يزيل‬ pasta ‫العجائن )كأنواع‬
(‫المكرونة‬
modern science ‫العلم الحديث‬ potential ‫احتمال تطور‬
remote ‫بعيد‬ fast food ‫وجبة سريعة‬
long-term ‫طويل الجل‬ diet ‫نظام خاص‬
‫للتغذية‬
sort / type / kind ‫نوع‬ vitamins ‫فيتامينات‬
guarantee ‫يضمن‬ poison ‫السم‬
genetic modification ‫تعديل وراثى‬ consumption ‫الستهلك‬
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7. Prepositions, Idioms Expressions
Prepositions, Idioms Expressions
resistant to ‫مقاوم لـ‬ depend on ‫يعتمد على‬
harmful to ‫ضار لـ‬ spray with ‫يرش باستخدام‬
go up ‫يرتفع‬ in favour of ‫مؤيد لـ‬
bring sown ‫يقلل / يخفض‬ poisonous for ‫سام لـ‬
save ….. from ‫يوفر .... من‬ put genes into ‫يضع جينات فى‬
protect from ‫يحمى من‬ opinion on / about ‫رأى عن‬
provide … with ‫يزود ...... بـ‬ bad for ‫صار لـ‬
do damage to ‫يسبب تلف لـ‬ get worse ‫يسوء‬
pass from ….. to ‫ينتقل من ..... الى‬ over time ‫بمرور الوقت‬
good for ‫مفيد لـ‬ do exercise ‫يمارس تمارين‬
‫رياضية‬
put on soil ‫يضع فى التربة‬ bring a disease ‫يجلب مرض‬
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8. ‫المشتقات‬ Derivatives
Verb Noun Adjective Adverb
gene ‫جينات‬ genetic genetically
genetics ‫علم الوراثة‬ ‫وراثى‬ ‫وراثيا‬
ripen ‫ينضج‬ ripe
‫ناضج‬
rot ‫يتعفن‬ rotting ‫التعفن‬ rotten
‫متعفن‬
modify ‫ يعدل‬modification ‫تعديل‬ modified
‫معدل‬
starve ‫يموت‬ starvation‫الموت‬ starving‫يعانى من‬
‫جوعا‬ ‫جوعا‬ ‫جوع شديد‬
fertilize fertilizer ‫سماد‬ fertilized ‫مضاف له‬
‫يسمد‬ ‫سماد‬
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9. Give the opposites
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10. fertile
infertile
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11. organic
non organic
inorganic
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12. natural
unnatural
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13. merits
demerits
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14. responsible
irresponsible
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15. healthy
unhealthy
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16. successful
unsuccessful
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17. agreement
disagreement
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18. attractive
unattractive
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19. Give the meaning of
these
Prepositions
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20. spray with
(‫يرش باستخدام )مادة معينة‬
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21. poisonous for
‫سام لـ‬
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22. be concerned to+inf.
‫مهتم بـ‬
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23. smile at
‫يبتسم لـ‬
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24. put genes into plants
‫يضع جينات في النباتات‬
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25. come round
‫يزور‬
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26. life on earth
‫الحياة علي الرض‬
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27. experiment on/with
‫يجري تجربة علي‬
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28. harmful to
‫ضار لـ‬
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29. express opinion on/about
‫يعبر عن رأي في‬
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30. be concerned with+n.
‫مهتم بـ‬
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31. lie to
‫يكذب علي‬
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32. bring down
‫يقلل‬
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33. resistant to
‫مقاوم لـ‬
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34. lead to
‫يؤدي إلي‬
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35. rich in
‫غني بـ‬
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36. Listening
Listen to Ali and Hassan talking
about organic and inorganic
framing.
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37. Listen and answer these questions:
a Which of the speakers, Hassan or Ali,
prefers organic farming?
.....................
b What are some of the disadvantages of
organic farming? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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38. Listen and answer these questions:
a Which of the speakers, Hassan or Ali,
prefers organic farming?
.Ali . . . . . . .organic. farming
. . . prefers . . . . . . . . . .
b What are some of the disadvantages of
organic farming? .Organic . . . . . . . . . .produce
. . . . . . farms don’t . . . .
the same quantity of food. It is more expensive
to produce the food that way. It is probably
quicker and easier to spray the crops, too.
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39. Hassan Did you read that newspaper article
about farming, Ali?
Ali Yes, I did, Hassan. It was very
interesting, wasn't it?
Hassan What do you think about the idea of
organic farming?
Ali I think it's the best way to farm.
Hassan Really? I don't. Why do you think
that?
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40. Ali Well, the main reason is that I
don't like the idea of eating fruit
and vegetables that have been
sprayed with pesticides. I mean
pesticides can be poisonous, can't
they?
Hassan : I suppose so. In the past, the
Nile flooded and left fertile soil on
the fields, so we didn't need
chemical fertilizers then, did we?
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41. Ali : Quite right, Hassan. I know that
doesn't happen now, but as far as I'm
concerned, the answer isn't to
continuously spray the land with
chemicals.
Hassan : What is the answer, then?
Ali : In my opinion, we should improve the
quality of the soil by adding natural,
organic fertilisers.
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42. Hassan : But surely it's much quicker and
easier for farmers to spray their crops with
chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
Ali : Yes, but that's more expensive than
using organic fertilisers.
Hassan : What about the quantity of crops
farmers get, though? I'd say that modern
farming makes more money than organic
farming, do you agree ?
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43. Ali : Well, it's true that organic farms
don't produce the same quantities as
modern farms, so they don't make quite
as much money. But it seems to me
that organic food is better for you.
Hassan : Do you think so? I'm not so sure.
Of course there's also the subject of
genetically modified crops which we
haven't talked about at all.
Ali : Let's leave that discussion until
another day.
Hassan : OK.
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44. Reading
Should scientists modify
?our food
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45. Thousands of years ago, most people
were hunters whose food came from the
animals and fish they had killed and from
nuts, roots and fruit they had collected.
Later, these hunters lived in one place
and became farmers whose method of
getting food was to grow crops from the
. seeds of wild plants
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46. Over time, they noticed that some plants
were better than others. They saved the
seeds from these plants and so the yields
. and quality of their crops improved
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47. Like plants, all other living things contain genes
which control what they will be like. Modern
scientists can put genes into plants and
animals in their laboratories, and this means
they can modify their genes in order to
change what they are like. This is called
.genetic engineering
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48. A type of tomato is an example of this.
When normal tomatoes ripen, one of their
genes produces a chemical that makes
the fruit rot. Scientists can modify this
gene so that the tomatoes do not rot so
quickly. This is one way in which
genetically modified (GM) crops can
improve agriculture.
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49. Scientists know that this technology can
also protect people from starvation in
countries where insects or diseases
destroy crops. For example, fruit and
vegetables have been modified so that
they are not damaged by the diseases
that kill ‘normal’ plants.
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50. However, many people believe that
modified food is unnatural and fear that
genetic engineering may bring new
diseases in the future. So should we eat
genetically modified food or not?
Surprisingly, biscuits, cakes and many
other foods that we have been eating for
years already contain genetically modified
ingredients. Have they done us any
damage?
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51. Answer questions about the reading passage
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52. 1- How did people get their food thousands
of years ago ?
They got their food from the animals and fish they*
had killed and from nuts, roots and fruit they had
.collected
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53. 2- How did people get their food when they
lived in one place ?
* They became farmers whose method of getting
food was to grow crops from the seeds of wild
plants.
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54. 3- How did they improve the yield and
quality of their crops ?
* They saved the seeds from their best plants and
used them to improve the yield and quality of the
crops.
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55. 4- What do genes do ?
* They control what a living thing will be like.
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56. Where do scientists put genes into plants - 5
?and animals
* They do so in their laboratories.
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57. 6- What is genetic engineering ?
* It is modifying the genes to change what a
living thing will be like.
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58. 7- Give an example from the passage to
show the benefit of genetic engineering ?
* When normal tomatoes ripen, one of their genes produces a
chemical that makes the fruit rot. Scientists can modify this
gene so that the tomatoes do not rot so quickly.
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59. 8- Why don’t some people agree with the
idea of genetic engineering ?
* They believe that modified food is unnatural and
that genetic engineering may bring new diseases
in the future.
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60. 9- Why do some people think that the
genetic engineering is safe ?
* We have been eating biscuits, cakes and many other foods
that contain genetically modified ingredients for years and they
have not done us any damage.
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61. Language Notes:
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62. Make ♦
followed by bare infinitive in active ♦
♦ Make + inf. (active) ‫يجبر / يلزم‬
• They made him pay the money.
♦ followed by (to + infinitive) in passive
• He was made to pay the money.
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63. ♦ Once = at some time in the past / ‫ذات مرة‬
♦ Once = as soon as ‫بمجرد أن‬
♦ Once = one time ‫مرة واحدة‬
• Once, people were hunters. Their food
came from animals. ‫في وقت ما في الماضي‬
• Once I get the news, I'll phone you. ‫بمجرد أن‬
• She visits her grandparents once every
six months. ‫مرة واحدة‬
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64. ♦ So = very
• I enjoyed the film very much / so much.
♦ Such = very
• He is such a clever boy.
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65. very ‫ تستخدم بدل من‬ly ‫ تنتهي بــ‬adverbs ‫هناك‬
:‫وتعطي معني أقوي للجملة‬
Extremely – fantastically – tremendously –
greatly – incredibly – unbelievably –
awfully – terribly
sorry: ‫ تستخدم عادة مع‬awfully ‫ لحظ أن‬
• The mountain is extremely high.
• He was incredibly rich.
• I am awfully sorry for disturbing you.
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66. ♦ Hope / Wish
): )hope present Simple or future ‫ يأتي بعد‬
• I hope he passes / will pass the test.
:to ‫ + المصدر‬hope‫ ويمكن أن يأتي بعد‬
• I hope to win the first prize.
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67. ‫) )للتعبير عن التمني‬wish Past simple‫ دعب مدختسنستخدم بعد‬
‫:في الحاضر‬
• I don't have a camera. I wish I had a
camera.
• People throw rubbish in the street.
I wish people didn't throw rubbish in
the street.
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68. wish ‫وللتعبير عن التمني في الماضي دعب مدختسنستخدم بعد‬
)Past perfect
• I failed the exam.
• I wish I hadn't failed the exam. / I wish I
had passed the exam.
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69. ‫ إما‬wish ‫وللتعبير عن التمني في المستقبل دعب مدختسنستخدم بعد‬
‫ مع باقي‬would ‫ أو‬I/we ‫ مع الضمائر‬could
:‫الضمائر‬
• I wish I could see my friends tomorrow.
• I wish my friend would come to my party
next week.
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70. Expressing Opinions
,As far as I'm concerned
,In my opinion
..I'd say that
..It seems to me that
…I think
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71. Agreeing with opinions
.So do I / I do too
).I agree (with you
You are (quite) right
I think so
.I suppose so
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72. Disagreeing with opinions
I don't./ I don't think so
)I don't agree (with you
.I disagree
I'm not sure
!Really
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73. Examples:
• As far as I'm concerned, the watch is
more beautiful than that necklace.
I agree with you.
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74. Examples:
• In my opinion, we should all do more
exercise.
You are quite right.
• I'd say that mountaineering is very
dangerous.
I'm not sure.
• It seems to me that Paris is a great city.
I don't think so.
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75. Grammar
Question Tags
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76. * Question tags are short questions at the
end of a statement.
Form : Statement + Modal verb
Or helping verb + Subject pronoun ?
Example : It is hot today, isn’t it ?
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77. * Study the following sentences carefully:
( Some exceptions)
1-I am his friend, aren’t I ?
2-I am not a doctor, am I ?
3-This is an exciting film, isn’t it ?
4-There is no harm in trying it, is there ?
5-Let’s go shopping, shall we ?
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78. * Study the following sentences carefully:
6-Let me go shopping, will you ?
7-Open the door, will you ?
8-She has dinner in a restaurant, doesn’t
she ?
9-Everybody liked the idea, didn’t they ?
10- Nothing is wrong, is it ?
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79. She's done a lot of good work,- 1
?…………. she
a) isn't
b) doesn't
c) haven't
d) hasn't

80. If he comes early, he can catch the- 2
?bus, ………… he
a) can
b) does
c) can't
d) won't

81. ?They dug the well, ………….. they- 3
a) didn't
b) don't
c) hadn't
d) weren't

82. She'd rather stay home, ………..- 4
?she
a) hadn't
b) wouldn't
c) couldn't
d) won't

83. She's going to finish her work early,- 5
?………… she
a) hasn't
b) wasn't
c) isn't
d) can't

84. We have earned a lot of money- 6
?lately, …………. we
a) haven't
b) don't
c) aren't
d) shouldn't

85. ,Someone has watered the garden- 7
……………… ?
a) hasn't he
b) haven't we
c) don't they
d) haven't they

86. ?Everything is O.K., …………. it- 8
a) doesn't
b) wasn't
c) isn't
d) hasn't

87. ,He hardly does any useful work- 9
…………….. ?
a) does he
b) doesn't he
c) don't we
d) haven't we

88. ,Let's find somewhere else to stay- 10
……………. ?
a) will you
b) won't you
c) shall we
d) shan't we

89. Exercise
Find the mistake in each of
the following sentences then
write it correctly
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90. 1. She didn't know the way to the station, was
she ?
1. She didn't know the way to the station, did
she ?
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91. 2. A lot of money has to be collected, have it ?
2. A lot of money has to be collected, hasn’t it ?
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92. 3. That's not the right answer, does it ?
3. That's not the right answer, is it ?
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93. 4. The man who's house collapsed during the
earthquake was so sad.
4. The man whose house collapsed during
the earthquake was so sad.
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94. 5. The boy whose written the e-mail is my
cousin.
5. The boy who’s written the e-mail is my
cousin.
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95. 6. The company who's employees went on
strike closed down.
6. The company whose employees went on
strike closed down.
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96. 7. This is the man whose works for the
computer company.
7. This is the man who works for the
computer company.
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97. 8. This land is fertile. It can produce a large
number of good crops.
8. This land is infertile. It can produce a large
quantity of good crops.
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98. 9. A leaf is the part of a plant from which a new
plant of the same kind can grow.
9. A seed is the part of a plant from which a
new plant of the same kind can grow.
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99. 10. Millions of people suffer from salutation
because they don't have enough to eat.
10. Millions of people suffer from starvation
because they don't have enough to eat.
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100. 11. I hope you good health.
11. I wish you good health.
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101. 12. She did the job well and neither did Hala.
12. She did the job well and so did Hala.
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