1. Unit 1.1 B: History of the
Earth
APES Period 4

2. Introduction-Katrina Moore

6. Many Planets, One Earth
Michaela Brost

7. Solar Nebula
Asteroid
4.65 billion years ago a Solar Nebula, a cloud of gas and dust, collapsed! It’s particles condensed
forming planets, asteroids, and other smaller bodies. Most of the matter compacted to form….

9. The Outer Planets
S
a
t
u
r
n
Jupiter
Neptune
Uranus
Farther from the sun, made of Hydrogen and Helium.

10. V
e
n
u
s
M
e
r
c
u
r
y
The Terrestrial Planets
Largely made up of Iron, Silicates, and
Magnesium.
E
a
r
t
h
M
a
r
s

11. Varying Atmospheres
Mars-- Cold, all water is frozen. Atmosphere 100
times thinner than Earth’s. Clouds of ice and
frozen CO2 drift over the surface.
!
Venus-- A stifling inferno! Surface temperatures
greater than 8600 F. Atmosphere 100 times thicker
than Earth’s, made up almost completely of CO2.
!
Earth-- A developed Carbon Cycle keeps Earth
habitable. Temperatures vary over the planet but
remain liveable.

12. Work Cited
"Asteroid." En.wikipedia.org. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid>.
"The Book of Sassafras." : A HYMN to the SUN. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Sept. 2013. <http://thebookofsassafras.blogspot.com/
2012/06/hymn-to-sun.html>.
Commons.wikimedia.org. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jupiter_by_Cassini-Huygens.jpg>.
"The Earth Seen from Apollo 17." Wikipedia.org. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg>.
"Over 100,000 People Enlist to Colonize Mars." N.p., n.d. Web. <Over 100,000 People Enlist to Colonize Mars>.
"Saturn Fact Sheet." Saturn Fact Sheet. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Sept. 2013. <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/
saturnfact.html>.
"Solar System Exploration." N.p., n.d. Web. <http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Mercury>.
"Solar System Exploration: Planets: Neptune: Overview." Solar System Exploration: Planets: Neptune: Overview. N.p., n.d.
Web. 05 Sept. 2013. <http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Neptune>.
"Solar System Exploration: Planets: Uranus: Overview." Solar System Exploration: Planets: Uranus: Overview. N.p., n.d. Web.
05 Sept. 2013. <http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Uranus>.
"Venus, Second Planet from the Sun, Brightest Planet in Solar System." Space.com. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.space.com/44-venussecond-planet-from-the-sun-brightest-planet-in-solar-system.html>.

13. Section 3 Reading Geologic Records, McKenna Chase

20. Section 3 - Nicholas Cochrane

26. Section 4
Carbon Cycling and Earth’s Climate- Cierra Bordwine

32. Section 4
Karis Heidebrecht

37. Section 5
Testing the Thermostat: Snowball Earth Dani Beck

50. Section 7
Early Life: Single-Celled Organisms (Jennifer Ellis)
First Billion Years: Bacteria and Archaea

55. The Cambrian Explosion and
the Diversification of Animals
Maribeth Villanueva, Period 4

56. What is The Cambrian Explosion?
“The rapid diversification of multicellular animal life that took place around the beginning of the
Cambrian Period. It resulted in the appearance of almost all modern animal phyla.”

57. What about phyla?
“The primary subdivision of a taxonomic kingdom, grouping together all classes of organisms that
have the same body plan.”

58. How did this happen?
Growing organisms that later evolved into more complex life forms created an “ecological relationship”
that had a distinct role in much larger organisms and a rising oxygen level in the atmosphere. Also,
there was a mass extinction at the end of the Proterozoic era, right before the Cambrian, so the
environment flourished.

59. What happened during this?
Life took 3 giant steps.

61. The Evolution of Early
Mammals
By: Geoff Ashton

62. With Old Endings
Come New Beginnings
● Mammals were the size of rodents
!
● KT-Boundary Extinction
!
● Very few predators
!
● Held an internal temperature
!
● Mammal’s went all over Laurasia and
Gondwanaland

63. Angiosperms
● Dominant form of land plants
!
● Seeds were enclosed inside the
structure
!
● Fertilized ovaries grew
!
● Became the main type of plant life

64. Climate Fluctuations
● Extreme warming in the cenozoic era
due to the breakup of Gondwanaland
!
● Ocean currents trapped by Antarctica
!
● Led to our most
recent ice age

65. Apes in Africa
● Australopithecus
!
● The Genus Homo
!
● Homo erectus went from Africa to
China and Eurasia
!
● Homo Sapiens settled in europe,
30,000 years later, North America

66. Section 9 (Daniel Monsalve)

73. Key Terms (Vocabulary) Eve Tovar