Clarissa thea ramos

1. Behaviorism (S-R)
Psychology
- founded by John B. Watson
- focus on the study of observable and
measurable behavior
-concentrate on actual behavior, basing their
conclusion on external manifistation of learning.
- learning is a changed in behavior.

2. Conditioning theory
- type of learning that occurs when an
association is made between a stimulus and
response.
2 Major type
1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operant Conditioning

3. Classical Conditioning
theory
- learning through stimulus pairing
- first described and studied by a russian
physiologist , Ivan Pavlov

4. Neutral Stimulus
- Something that wouldn't normally elicit
a particular reflexive response from the
participant

5. Connectionism theory
(by edward lee thorndike)
- believes that all learning is explained by
bonds of connections that are formed
between stimulus and response.
- formulated three laws of learning

6. Law of readiness
- Thorndike states that readiness is a very
important condition in learning, because a
learner must be satisfied or frustrated
depending on his/her state of readiness.

7. Law of Exercise
- this law explains that any connection is
strengthened in proportion to the number of
times occurs and in proportion to the average
vigor and duration of the connection.

8. Law of effect
- when the organism's response is
accompanied or followed by a
satisfactory state, the strenght of the
connection is increased.

9. Operant
conditioning/instrumental
conditioning theory
- type of learning in which the future
probability of a behavior is affected by its
consequences.

10. Operant consequences
1. Reinforcement
- any procedure that result in an
increase in a response
2. Punishment
- any procedure that results in a
decrease in a response.

11. Positive reinforcement
- a situation in which a response is
followed by the addition of a reinforcing
stimulus, incresing the likelihood that the
response will be repeated in similar
situations.
Negative reinforcement
- a situation in which a response results
in the removal, avoidance or escape from
stimulus, incresing the likelihood that the
response will be repeated in similar
situations

12. Social cognitive theory
- founded by albert bandura
- emphasize the behavior, environment and
cognition are the key factors in development

13. The modeling process
1. Attention – attending to what the
model is saying or doing.
2. Retention – coding the information and
keep it in memory so that it can be
retrieved.
3. Reproduction – Possesses motor
capabilities to perform the action
4. Reinforcement – any procedure that
result in an increase of response.

14. Prepared by:
Clarissa Thea Ramos
Bsped 3