International Education Week at VIU 2012
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Delivered at International Education Week at Vancouver Island University October 31, 2012. This presentation is a reflection of my work at the University of Cape Town 2009-2012 with UCT OpenContent and OpenUCT.
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International Education Week at VIU 2012
- 1. Supporting innovation in educational technology by enabling open educational practices Michael Paskevicius Reporting from: Centre for Educational Technology University of Cape Town International Week at VIU 2012
- 2. 2005-2008
- 3. 2009-2012
- 4. 2012 Learning Technologies Application Developer Learning Technologies Application Developer Centre for Innovation and Excellence in Learning Centre for Innovation and Excellence in Learning
- 5. Agenda The case for open education in Southern Africa Open education at the University of Cape Town Unintended benefits, unforeseen consequences Other interesting open initiatives in the South
- 6. University of Cape Town : from - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cape_Town Informal Settlement : from - http://www.flickr.com/photos/54357435@N00/1093665713 Author: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en_CA
- 7. Access to Libraries in Schools http://www.equaleducation.org.za/sites/default/files/Equal%20Education%20Costing%20Booklet.pdf
- 10. “There’s been no significant break in relations of knowledge production between the colonial and post-colonial eras. African universities are essentially consumers of knowledge produced in developed countries.” Blade Nzimande, Minister for Higher Education and Training UNESCO World Conference on Higher Education 2009 CC-BY Eve Gray: http://www.slideshare.net/evegray/open-access-week-2009-university-of-the-western-cape
- 11. Global Science Research Outputs - 2001 http://www.worldmapper.org 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan).
- 12. What’s different about Africa now? • 100x improvements in both international and national bandwidth • TENET/SANREN bandwidth 10Gbps (coming soon) • Enables new possibilities, especially for audio, video and rich media • Africa coming online CC- BY Steve Song http://manypossibilities.net/african-undersea-cables/
- 13. Mobile revolution The penetration of mobile phone networks in many The penetration of mobile phone networks in many low and middle-income countries surpasses other low and middle-income countries surpasses other infrastructure such as paved roads and electricity, infrastructure such as paved roads and electricity, and dwarfs fixed Internet deployment. and dwarfs fixed Internet deployment. http://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_mhealth_web.pdf http://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_mhealth_web.pdf Did You Know - Mobile Stats for Africa 2011, Compiled by Praekelt Foundation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kamlf-uAHU
- 14. What can be done with this onslaught of bandwidth and access to knowledge? CC-BY Eve Gray: http://www.slideshare.net/evegray/scholarl
- 16. Open education projects at UCT http://www.teachout.co.za/ http://ubunye.org.za/ http://www.shawco.org/
- 17. Open education technology projects at UCT
- 18. What are Open Educational Resources? Open Content / Open educational resources (OER) / Open Courseware are educational materials which are discoverable online and openly licensed that can be:
- 19. OER UCT Project • Funded by Shuttleworth Foundation from March 2009 – February 2010, total value R800,000 ($97,000 CAD) • Activities: – Survey existing teaching & learning resources with potential to be open educational resources – Provide support to open educational resource creators – Facilitate the publication of 5 exemplar OERs – Create an OER Directory for UCT – Document the OER UCT process as a case study • Encourage and support the production and sharing of South African open educational resources
- 20. Building an open referatory of OER • Reduce duplication and maximise the use of existing infrastructure • Directory allows – Lecturers to upload or remove resources – Lecturers to capture metadata by Marcus Hansson – Search, browse and discover resources by category or keywords
- 21. Open Source - Drupal • Use Open Source Software + Drupal modules customised by CET team • Specialist programming and theming done by consulting company http://drupal.org • Uses same authentication as other UCT sites
- 22. Resource-based OER Includes: • entire courses • individual resources – e-books – Manuals – Presentations – Podcasts – Lecture notes – Animations
- 23. Academic agency • Decentralised uploading – Individuals academics upload and maintain their resources directly • Pride of authorship – Quality assurance with the individual not the system – Quality assurance part of broader teaching and learning systems, not separate • Minimal moderation – Copyright compliance only
- 24. Metadata standard for OER Users add Dublin Core metadata which increases the discoverability of a resource This particular resource is hosted in the LMS, but described and shared in OpenContent
- 25. Marketing the initiative • Seminars & workshops • Blog – OER@UCT • Facebook / Twitter • Social events • Button on UCT homepage
- 26. Innovation grants • 9 small grants in 2011 • £800 ($1,200 CAD) each • Health Science, Engineering, Law, CHED, Science • To create and/or adapt OER • From entire curriculum to small media intensive teaching and learning resources
- 27. OpenUCT • Aims to make freely available scholarly resources which can be shared, including research, teaching and other scholarly resources • Engage the UCT community in open education and open scholarship issues in the broader sense • Participate in global open education and open scholarship discussions from a developing country perspective http://openuct.uct.ac.za/
- 28. 100 150 200 250 0 50 01-2010 02-2010 03-2010 04-2010 06-2010 07-2010 08-2010 09-2010 10-2010 11-2010 12-2010 01-2011 02-2011 03-2011 05-2011 06-2011 07-2011 08-2011 09-2011 10-2011 11-2011 12-2011 01-2012 02-2012 03-2012 monthly Growth of OER at UCT Resources added Growth of total content
- 29. Measuring influence: Alternative metrics
- 30. by ryancr WHY GO OPEN? WHAT ARE THE POSSIBILITIES?
- 31. Computer Literacy in the Community IEEE UCT chapter use the openly licensed computer literacy guides to support training in a computer lab donated to a local high school http://www.ebe.uct.ac.za/usr/ebe/staff/april2010.pdf
- 32. Studying at University: A guide for first year students • Used by Venda University and the University of the Western Cape with new students • Stellenbosch University uses some of the illustrations • The guide has been accessed over 3800 times via the directory and over 600 physical printed guides have been sold! http://opencontent.uct.ac.za/Centre-for-Higher-Education-Development/Studying-at-University-A-guide-for-first-year-students
- 33. OpenContent becomes a Journal Article • Materials published as OER on OpenContent selected for publishing in the Journal of Occupational Therapy of Galicia, an open access journal for occupational therapists in the Spanish speaking world http://blogs.uct.ac.za/blog/oer-uct/2010/12/06/sharing-knowledge-leads-to-opportunities
- 34. OTHER INTERESTING OPEN EDUCATION INITIATIVES IN SOUTH AFRICA
- 37. Collecting OER in Africa: OER Africa http://www.oerafrica.org/ http://www.oerafrica.org/
- 38. Closing note: "When you learn transparently (and openly) you become a teacher“ Siemens, 2010 Siemens, G. & Matheos, K. (2010). Open Social Learning in Higher Education: An African Context. VI International Seminar of the UNESCO chair in e-learning; open social learning. Available online: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oexie4cwpf8
- 39. Prepared by: Michael Paskevicius michael.paskevicus@viu.ca OpenUCT http://openuct.uct.ac.za/ OpenContent Directory: http://opencontent.uct.ac.za Follow me: http://twitter.com/mpaskevi Presentations: http://www.slideshare.net/mpaskevi This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- Share Alike 2.5 South Africa License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/za/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
Notas del editor
- In 2005 went to Namibia where I did an internship for the Commonwealth of Learning 2005-2008
- Masters in Education Technology at the University of Cape Town in 2009-2011 Worked in the Centre for Educational Technology supporting open educational practices (OpenUCT)
- Now Learning Technologies Application Developer at Vancouver Island University
- So this talk will be based on my experiences working at the Centre for Educational Technology at the University of Cape Town. The focus will be on a small institutional open educational resources project I was involved with from 2009-2012. I would like to touch on: The case for open education in Southern Africa The open education project at the University of Cape Town Some of the unintended benefits and unforeseen consequences of the project And then share with you some other interesting open initiatives in the South
- I will report on one project which aimed to use new technologies to increase access to educational materials at the University of Cape Town. UCT enjoys a fabulous global reputation and numerous notable scholars. The currently growth adverse institution has approximately 25,000 students and 1000 academic staff. Nearly all teaching is done on the main campus with little to no distance education. Despite all of the prestige, UCT still sits in a country with great social problems; including vast inequality, limited access to basic services for some and a troubled schooling system resulting in many not being able to access higher education. Informal communities such as this are within 25 minutes of the university and multi-million dollar homes. Current debate at UCT initiated by VC Max Price "Can UCT be an elite university without being elitist?“ http://www.uct.ac.za/usr/dad/alumni/events/VC_ALF_CPT_invitation.pdf
- Due to this inequality many schools go without basic necessities throughout the country. Again because of the stark contrast between the rich and the poor, you will find some of the best schools in the world and some of the worst within the same country. I was shocked to learn of the dramatic lack of libraries in schools throughout South Africa
- Furthermore most of the educational content being used in Africa comes from the developed nations. Although inadvertent, this may be considered a form of cultural imperialism as knowledge dictated as important in developed nations is absorbed by developing nations. The South African Minister for Higher Education calls for more locally produced educational content relevant to countries in Africa.
- An often displayed representation of global science outputs clearly shows the issue of unrepresented outputs in Africa for science publications. Scientific papers cover physics, biology, chemistry, mathematics, clinical medicine, biomedical research, engineering, technology, and earth and space sciences. There is more scientific research, or publication of results, in richer territories. This locational bias is such that roughly three times more scientific papers per person living there are published in Western Europe, North America, and Japan, than in any other region. Territory size shows the proportion of all scientific papers published in 2001 written by authors living there.
- But its not all bad news. Concurrently Africa is coming online with deep sea cables approaching from all angles! In my time in Africa I saw a dramatic increase in the availability of bandwidth in Southern Africa. The number of providers is increasing, costs are coming down, mobile internet is default, and it’s a very exciting time. But does this only mean that content will flow from developed nations to developing nations faster?
- Futhermore in most of the developing world, cell phone usage is exploding. I found that in the last couple years more of my friends in South Africa carried smart phones than those here in Canada. For the masses its their first computer and their first connection to the internet.
- So institutions in Africa are faced with the next challenge, should they attempt to compete globally and increase the number of science outputs in peer reviewed journals? Those which in many cases are too expensive to purchase access to. Or could they use this new resource to solve developmental challenges and increase access to education?
- In 2007 the Cape Town Open Education Declaration was decreed in Cape Town ; The Open ED declaration is a major international statement on open access, open education and open educational resources which helped raise awareness about openness in South Africa and around the world.
- Impressively, UCT has a number of outreach programs which aim to help address these social problems. Many are in fact entirely run by students on a volunteer basis. These student led teaching programs help prepare pupils for university and improve their experience in schooling.
- Additionally run from our centre were a number of initiatives which aimed to examine how technology could be used to broaden access to knowledge and scholarly resources. The UCT knowledge co-op seeks to attract community partnerships with the university to share expertise, infrastructure and data. The SCAP program and Opening Scholarship look at the changing nature of academic scholarship in light of new technological developments. OpenUCT and UCT OpenContent are aiming to increase access to UCT’s educational resources.
- The key aspect of an OER is that it is both discoverable online – so that people can find it AND openly licensed - so that people can legally make use of it. OER includes texts, different forms of media, ideas, as well as documented teaching strategies/techniques or practices. Advocates of openness would suggest that the value in OER is in its potential to support learning in many ways and in many contexts.
- As I arrived in Cape Town in 2009 the Shuttleworth Foundation had just funded a project to launch open educational resources at UCT. OER UCT project, f unded by Shuttleworth Foundation to the total value of R800,000, had as its key activities: Surveying existing T&L resources with potential to be OERs Providing support to OER creators Facilitating the publication of 5 exemplar OERs Creating an OER Directory for UCT Documenting the OER UCT process as a case study Promoting longer-term sustainability of the initiative With only a limited amount of funding - the equivalent of about £73 000 we needed to meet all our objectives (as stated above). As we knew that we could not rely on further funding from the Shuttleworth Foundation, we devised a number of strategies to ensure the longevity of the project. I will elaborate upon the 10 key strategies.
- We aimed to create a ‘portal’ to act as a directory to where the resources are already hosted so as to reduce duplication and maximise the use of existing infrastructure. Additional functions of the directory included capturing metadata, searching the site, linking to lecturers self-created portfolios and allowing lecturers to upload or remove resources themselves.
- Rather than develop a directory from scratch, the team decided to investigate various Open Source Software (OSS) options and after trialling various products decided upon Drupal . Some of the specialist programming was undertaken by a software consulting company, but most of the customisation of the directory was undertaken by one of the graduate assistants under the guidance of the learning technology consultant. Once key requirement was that the directory would need to be integrated with the UCT login system so that there was no special username and login required for academics to contribute their resources.
- A seminal decision was to opt for a resource-based approach and not a course-based approach as adopted by both MIT and OU. AS we did not have the funding to offer lecturers instructional design support, we chose to request lecturers to make available the resources they were prepared to share – from entire courses to individual resources such as podcasts, powerpoint presentations, lecture notes, worked examples, manuals, e-books). Our research in the Open Scholarship project had identified a number of potential resources and the willingness of many academics to contribute a selection of their resources.
- In keeping with the pride-of-authorship model, a minimal moderation process was adopted where the OER team would check for copyright compliance - i.e. that an alternative intellectual property system such as a Creative Commons licence had been specified; that no embedded copyright was evidenced in the materials; that the format of the resource was congruent with the type of licence specified and that sufficient metadata was provided about the resource.
- The OpenContent directory allows you to add context to your online resource by adding metadata which describes what it is. This makes it searchable, discoverable, and furthermore makes it part of the UCT collection of open online educational content. I think there is a real benefit, in being part of the collection of open resources we make available from UCT.
- To promote the idea of Open Educational Resources we have adopted a range of marketing initiatives including running seminars and workshops on OER creation; running an OER blog, a project Facebook and Twitter account; arrange social events where OER contributors are acknowledged and negotiate a button on the UCT homepage to connect directly to The UCT OpenContent website.
- The OpeningScholarship project recommended that the OER initiative at UCT should not be seen in isolation but should be seen as part of a more ambitious Open.UCT project that included making research and community engagement resources available to the general public. The initial plans for Open.UCT are in place and initial funding has been granted.
- The growth of contributed open content at UCT has increased steadily and we now have more than 200 resources available.
- Academics are also becoming increasingly interested in alternative analytic metrics and new ways of measuring influence. We found that reporting these back to academics often led to conversations around how their content could be even better described and indexed.
- The big question most contributors of OER seem to have is: does my content actually ever get used?
- The first example is of the IEEE chapter using our CHED computer literacy guides for lab training. Students from the chapter actually wrote to us asking for permission to use the guides. We were able to say “yes absolutely!” they are freely available on our website and the Creative Commons license provides the terms for reuse.
- Of course the A guide for first year students, which was a resounding success and has been used by the University of Venda and the University of the Western Cape to help new students acclimate to the university environment.
- One of our greatest stories of reuse was that or Matumo Ramafekeng, whose materials which were published as OER on OpenContent, were selected for publishing in the Journal of Occupational Therapy of Galicia, an open access journal for occupational therapists in the Spanish speaking world For those who have heard of Alan Levine, this story actually made his “Amazing stories of sharing 2010” edition!
- Finally I just wanted to share some other interesting open education initiatives happening in South Africa.
- Funda is an organization of student volunteer tutors that aims to improve the quality of teaching available to high school students in disadvantaged townships. On Saturday mornings, high school students are brought to UCT to be tutored and mentored. The sessions are just 2 hours and transport is provided. Thanks to the help of the excellent tutors, the students get individual attention and this really helps them to excel. OER’s such as Khan Academy videos are being used to supplement instruction. Funda also has a project which seeks to translate Khan Academy videos into South African languages both through the subtitles and using voice over.
- Siyavula (also a Shuttleworth project) supports and encourages communities of teachers to work together, openly share their teaching resources and benefit from the use of technology. Siyavula is based upon the collaborative textbook editor created at Rice University called Connexions and allows South African teachers to collaboratively author textbooks appropriate for their context. The books are also now being printed and recently were added to the approved book list for South African schools~
- OER Africa is an innovative initiative established by the South African Institute for Distance Education (Saide)to play a leading role in driving the development and use of Open Educational Resources (OER) across all education sectors on the African continent.
- So often we are apprehensive about sharing our works in progress, our thoughts, our notes, our ideas. Technology today provides us many opportunities to share the process of our learning, rather than just the final product. We can share our reflections and ideas on blogs, our thoughts on Twitter or Facebook, and people can instantly comment and contribute to our own ideas. This goes for teaching materials as well, which are sometimes imperfect or not highly refined. In sharing digital media, we may become teachers to someone who is interested in our work. As they follow our thought process, connect to our ideas and references, they may benefit tremendously from us openly sharing the process of our own learning.
- Thank you!