14. SHEAR BANDS: A deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel, but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves ; “the shear changed the quadrilateral into a parallelogram”. This feature causes a weak area, and this is why the sea forms a little cove.
15. 1.5 MINERALS Tourmaline Rims (Ca,K,Na,[])(Al,Fe,Li,Mg,Mn)3(Al,Cr, Fe,V)6 (BO3)3(Si,Al,B)6O18(OH,F)4 : this is a silicate, it has a black colour and prismatic shape. Garnet ( X 3 Y 2(SiO4)3): another red coloured silicate, is a common mineral within pegmatites and high grade metamorphic rocks. Quartz (SiO2 ) SCHIST PEGMATITE
18. 7. When (geological period) had the metamorphic rocks been deposited? At the Cambrian. 8. What kind of rocks do these metamorphic rocks come from? They are called schist, and they come from clays. 9. When had the white coloured rocks been intruded? 200-300 million years ago. 10.What name is given to these outstanding erosions forms that have been the source of inspiration for poets and artists. Alveolar erosion. 11. How were they formed? List two factors that might cause these concavities. The agents such as wind, salty water and energy of waves produce corrosion and abrasion modelling these concavities. Abrasion is caused by particles carried by waves being thrown at cliffs. The salt deposited in the rocks crystallizes and during this process its size increases so the rock breaks up. The corrosion, a sort of chemical weathering, is produced by carbonic acid in sea water.
19. 12. Do you spot any difference comparing with rocks that you have been observed in the way from Cadaqués? On the way to Cadaqués we see from the less metamorphic (slate) to a high metamorphic rocks (schist). 15. What sort of mineral is formed by hydrothermal SiO 2 precipitation? By hydromental SiO 2 precipitation Quartz is formed. 16. Why was this area declared a natural park a few years ago?. This area was declared a protected area as a natural park in 1984 by the Catalan Government, specially because of its singular geology, that has more than 450Ma; but also because of its fauna and flora. 17. Has Cap de Creus been affected by any environmental impact in the past? Yes, it has been affected mainly because of fire, as a result of the dryness of the climate. Human Impact, deforestation for getting wood, agriculture and cattle farming And nowadays? Nowadays is affected by construction and tourism, visual impacts and over exploitation of water resources.
21. 1.7 GEOMORPHOLOGY (LANDFORMS) ALVEOLAR EROSION : The wind, full of sandy and salty particles in suspension, hits the rocks and carves some holes in the rock.
22. VEGETATION Thorny broom Sage-leaved rock-rose Calicotome spinosa Argelaga negra All plant: prickly; leafs: small, divided in three leaves; flowers: small Cistus salvifolius Estepa borrera Leafs: rough, round and white and big.
23. Grey-leaved rock-rose French Lavender Cistus albidus Estepa blanca Leafs: soft, grey and green, hairy, small; flowers: pink, medium/big size. Lavandula stoechas Cap d’ase Leafs: green and grey, narrow, bad tasty, good smell; flowers: purple and long.
24. VEGETATION Prickly juniper Narrow-leaved rock-rose Càdec Juniperus oxycedrus Latin name English name Catalan name Thin leave, green, smooth, and have 2 white lines, small, spiky, good smell. No flowers, 3 meters tall, big bush or small tree. Cistus monspeliensis Estepa negra Bush. Leafs: sticky, smells nice, rough, narrow; flowers: small, white and yellow, plenty of. Mediterranean Occidental Mediterranean
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26. English name: Catalan name: Latin name: Description : Mastic tree pistatxera Pistacia lentiscus - It is woody, evergreen Compound leaves
27. English name: Catalan name: Latin name: Description : Broomrape Orobanche Orobanche - Parasitic weeds of broadleaf plants
28. English name: Catalan name: Latin name: Description : Euphorbia Lleterassa Euphorbia sp - All spurges have unisexual flowers , greatly reduced The latex (milky sap) of spurges acts as a deterrent for herbivores as well as a wound healer
29. English name: Catalan name: Latin name: Description : Goat’s thorn astràgal Astragalus massiliensis -5 m. years ago the thorny-cushion formations covered extensive areas. As a consequence of the climatic changes towards oceanic conditions of the Quaternary period, the Astragalus sp. retreated in refuge stations characterized by a xeric local microclimate due to the effect of wind, i.e. rocky coasts
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35. Why do they have to be preserved? Wetlands are very important for vegetation, they are highly adapted to water, salt and provide us a good source of genes, that can be useful in medicine and biology research Does the wetland reduce flooding? Yes, because the sediments will reduce the energy of the waves at the big storms and prevent floods Does it improve water quality? Yes, the quality is highly improved because the pollutants of water are stored and recycled by micro-organisms living in the sediments carried by the rivers Do wetlands protect shorelines? Yes, because they provide the needed amount of sand to maintain the dunes on the shoreline
38. ITINERARY NUM. 2: From del Mas del Matà car park to Les Llaunes beach
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40. 2.3 ORNITOLOGY DESCRIPTION: Common coot: His body is black and his beak is white. It has green legs and red eyes.
41. DESCRIPTION: Yellow-legged Gull It’s a big seagull, that have yellow legs. His back is grey, and his beak can be red or yellow depending on the sex.
42. DESCRIPTION: Little grebe His face is black and his neck is red. His wings are brown, and his tummy is brown too.
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44. DUCK’S NAME: DESCRIPTION: Mallard His head and neck are green, is the biggest of the ducks of Europe. It’s the most common.
45. DUCK’S NAME: DESCRIPTION: Grey Heron Our best photo. We are very proud of it.!! It is a wading bird , so big!. His big beak is yellow. Its plumage is largely grey above, and off-white below.
47. BIRDS (PASSERINES) English Name Rufous Nightingale Latin Name Luscinia megarhynchos Catalan Name Rossinyol Gral Color Plain of browns except of the reddish tail. The belly it’s cream color and white. Not so many differences between the sexes. Tail Reddish thin tail. Beak Yellow and brown; small; thin. Wings Big respect the body; brown; good flyers. Behavior/Habitat Breeding in forests and scrub of Europe and southern Asia; spend the winter in Southern Africa; hedges and scrubs; active behavior and not so aggressive birds; sing at the nights. Nutrition Insectivorous; insects and in autumn some frits.
48. DESCRIPTION: White stork His body is white and his wingspan are black. It has a red beak and legs. It’s a migratory bird.
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50. D. What are the main threats to the survival of the park and its flora and fauna. One of the main objectives of this Natural Park is to make conservation compatible with area’s economic development. However, acoustic pollution, visual impacts, sewage, bad behaviour and specially construction are threatening the wetlands. E. What role do the horses play. Where are they from? The Camarga horses, graze the shallow pools to keep their waters free of vegetation. F. Why is part of the beach closed to the public in spring and early summer? Because some birds nest there
51. ECOLOGY G. What kind of activities do you think can be done in a natural park and which ones can be carried out at an integral natural reserve? Activity NATURAL PARK INTEGRAL RESERVE Going by car Yes No Hunting No No Fishing No No Carrying out studies of fauna and flora Yes Yes Cycling Yes No Walking Yes No Area management Yes No Observing Yes Yes Livestock grazing Yes No Urbanizing No No Agriculture Yes No
Notas del editor
Picture and text with reflection (Basic) To reproduce the picture effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank . On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate , the Height box is set to 3.17” and the Width box is set to 10” . Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left , Right , Top , and Bottom boxes. Select the picture. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align to Slide . Click Align Top . Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click Picture Effects , point to Reflections , and then under Reflection Variations click Half Reflection, touching (first row, second option from the left). On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box , and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Impact from the Font list and then enter 42 in the Font Size box. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Right to align the text right in the text box. Select the text box. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects , point to Reflection , and then under Reflection Variations click Half Reflection, touching (first row, second option from the left). Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, click Text Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Text Fill pane, and then do the following: Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors , click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 12% . On the slide, drag the text box onto the picture to position as needed. To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background . In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Radial . Click the button next to Direction , and then click From Center (third option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 0⁰ . Under Gradient stops , click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops , customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 10% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 5% (second row, first option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left).
Picture and text with reflection (Basic) To reproduce the picture effects on this slide, do the following: On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout and then click Blank . On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Picture . In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert . Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the Size group, click the Size and Position dialog box launcher. In the Size and Position dialog box, on the Size tab, resize or crop the picture as needed so that under Size and rotate , the Height box is set to 3.17” and the Width box is set to 10” . Resize the picture under Size and rotate by entering values into the Height and Width boxes. Crop the picture under Crop from by entering values into the Left , Right , Top , and Bottom boxes. Select the picture. On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click Arrange , point to Align , and then do the following: Click Align to Slide . Click Align Top . Under Picture Tools , on the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click Picture Effects , point to Reflections , and then under Reflection Variations click Half Reflection, touching (first row, second option from the left). On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click Text Box , and then on the slide, drag to draw the text box. Enter text in the text box, select the text, and then on the Home tab, in the Font group, select Impact from the Font list and then enter 42 in the Font Size box. On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Text Right to align the text right in the text box. Select the text box. Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the WordArt Styles group, click Text Effects , point to Reflection , and then under Reflection Variations click Half Reflection, touching (first row, second option from the left). Under Drawing Tools , on the Format tab, in the bottom right corner of the WordArt Styles group, click the Format Text Effects dialog box launcher. In the Format Text Effects dialog box, click Text Fill in the left pane, select Solid fill in the Text Fill pane, and then do the following: Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors , click White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). In the Transparency box, enter 12% . On the slide, drag the text box onto the picture to position as needed. To reproduce the background on this slide, do the following: Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background . In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following: In the Type list, select Radial . Click the button next to Direction , and then click From Center (third option from the left). In the Angle box, enter 0⁰ . Under Gradient stops , click Add or Remove until two stops appear in the drop-down list. Also under Gradient stops , customize the gradient stops that you added as follows: Select Stop 1 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 10% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 5% (second row, first option from the left). Select Stop 2 from the list, and then do the following: In the Stop position box, enter 99% . Click the button next to Color , and then under Theme Colors click White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left).
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