Definition of Species Extinction Type of Extinction Factor of Extinction List of Extinct Animal Solution

2. • Definition of Species Extinction
• Type of Extinction
• Factor of Extinction
• List of Extinct Animal
• Solution
• Conclusion
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3. 33

Definition
− Species - can be defined as a group of
individual organisms that are capable of
interbreeding to produce fertile offspring
in nature.
− Species extinction – the permanent loss of a
species to the planet.

Biology and ecology term

Definition
− Species - can be defined as a group of
individual organisms that are capable of
interbreeding to produce fertile offspring
in nature.
− Species extinction – the permanent loss of a
species to the planet.

Biology and ecology term

4. 44
o It refers to the extinction that occurs naturally in the
evolution process.
o E.g: climate change, disease or loss of habitat
oExtinction of large number of species within
relatively short period of geological time
oSuch as catastrophic global event or widespread
environmental change that occurs too rapidly.
o An event in which extinction rates are higher than
normal but not high enough to be classified as a mass
extinction.

6. 77

7. 99
Example : The Steller's Sea Cow, a marine
mammal that was hunted into extinction a
few centuries ago. Animals are sometimes
hunted for food, but they can also be killed
by farmers wishing to protect their crops or
by hunters who wish to gain money from an
animal's valuable (e.g: pelt, tusks, bones or
etc).
Overhunting - Any hunting activity that has an
adverse impact on the total continuing population
of a species. If sufficient numbers of an animal
are killed, their populations can drop to a level
from which they cannot recover.

8. 77
Invasive species are animals, plants, fungi,
microorganism introduced outside of natural habitat
-Reproduce rapidly
-compete native species for food and habitat
-Spread infectious disease to native population
Serious threat to native
worldwide.
e.g Bull frogs
-Native to east North America
-Transported around for use as
food.
-spread infectious disease called
disease chriodiomycosis

9. 1212
Refers to the adoption of new technologies, transition from agriculture-based
to industry-based economy, and general improvement in living standards.
What is relationship between economic development and animal extinct?
Animal become extinction when their habitats contain
resources for humans.
Example, commercial deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest has
seriously reduced the population of many animal species and
lead to the extinction of other groups.

10. 77
The density of people is a key factor in species threats.
 Jeffrey McKee, who is one of the Center of
Biological Diversity
World’s human population doubled
from 1 to 2 billion between 1800 and
1930. At the end of October 2011, it
exceed 7 billion population.
Now, the world already witnessed the
devastating effects of overpopulation. In
North America, Mountain grasshopper
and parrot have been wiped out by
growing human number.

11. 1313
Today human population 7 bilion
2020 human population 8 bilion
2050 human population 9 bilion
1804 human population 1 billion
1990 human population 5.3 billion
As population growth, demand for water, land,
trees and fossils fuel also increase
Explosive
unsustainable
human population
crisis

12. 99
rain forest dries upcool mountains in tropical zones heat up
Our climate changes both naturally and due to human exploitation
Pollution :Human release carbon dioxide, chemicals, and
greenhouse gasses into atmosphere
Animal go extinct not able to adapt to the drastic climate change
E.g
•Golden toad
•Sea turtle
•Orang utan

14. 1616
The Tasmanian tiger-wolf became
extinct on the mainland of Australia
long ago because it could not
compete for food with an introduced
species, the dingo, a kind of wild dog.
Tasmanian tiger-wolves continued
to thrive on the dingo-free island of
Tasmania off Australia's south coast
until Europeans arrived in the region.
An unknown disease decimated the
remaining population in 1910. By 1933 it
was believed that the species had become
extinct in the wild. In 1936, the last known
Tasmanian tiger-wolf died in captivity.

15. 1616
The dodo bird inhabited the island of
Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, where it lived
undisturbed for so long that it lost its need
and ability to fly. It lived and nested on the
ground and ate fruits that had fallen from
trees. There were no mammals on the island
and a high diversity of bird species lived in
the dense forests.
In 1505, the Portuguese became the first
humans to set foot on Mauritius. The island
quickly became a stopover for ships
engaged in the spice trade. Weighing up to
50 pounds, the dodo bird was a welcome
source of fresh meat for the sailors. Large
numbers of dodo birds were killed for food.
The last dodo bird was killed in 1681.

16. 2020
The golden toad was last seen in 1989 in the Costa Rican cloud forest of
Monteverde—and 5 years later, its disappearance was the first extinction to
be blamed on humanmade global warming. New evidence, however,
suggests that humans may not have been at fault after all.
The current line on what drove the golden toad extinct. As humans pumped
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, Costa
Rican rainforests became hotter and dryer in the mid-1980s. These
conditions made the toad vulnerable to the chytrid fungus, which is
thought to thrive in warmer, drier climes.

18. 2222
 Nature reserved
Preserved & protect species habitat
 Captive breeding
Bring into captivity and breed the species
 Reestablishment
Release of a species into the wild
 Laws and regulations
Species & biological diversity are protected by law
 International agreement
Need to protect biodiversity . CITES
 Nature reserved
Preserved & protect species habitat
 Captive breeding
Bring into captivity and breed the species
 Reestablishment
Release of a species into the wild
 Laws and regulations
Species & biological diversity are protected by law
 International agreement
Need to protect biodiversity . CITES

19. 2323
Today extinction rate ~ 1000 and 10,000 times higher
than the natural extinction rate
Pollution is not the only factor threatening wildlife
Researchers concluded that if climate warming
proceeds unchecked, 15% to 37% of the 1103 plant and
animal species they examined will disappear by 2050
Extinction & disappearance of amphibians worldwide
at rates much higher than normal, is an indication that
human activity is taking a toll on ecosystems
worldwide.

20. Prepared By:
ZARIF RAHMANZARIF RAHMAN
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