1. L’Obligation
Ce qu’il faut faire.
Ce qu’il ne faut pas faire.

2. devoir
When used as a singular noun
le devoir means duty

3. devoirs
When used as a plural noun
les devoirs means homework

4. devoir
When used as an infinitive verb
devoir means to have to

5. Present Tense
je dois I must, I have to
je ne dois pas I mustn’t
Conditional Tense
je devrais I should
je ne devrais pas I shouldn’t

6. Future Tense
je devrai I’ll have to
je ne devrai pas I won’t have to
Perfect Tense
j’ai dû I had to, I must have
je n’ai pas dû I didn’t have to

7. j’ai dû I had to & I must have

8. Imperfect Tense
je devais I used to have to
je ne devais pas I didn’t have to
Perfect Conditional Tense
j’aurais dû I should have
je n’aurais pas dû I shouldn’t have

9. je ne devais pas I shouldn’t have

10. falloir
A very common verb, but
which is only ever used after
the subject pronoun
il

11. falloir
Literally, it means
to be necessary
il faut = it is necessary

12. falloir
In practice, it is not translated
this way.

13. il faut (present)
can mean
I must, you must, he must,
she must, we must, they
must, people must

14. se méfier de = to be wary of

15. agir = to act

16. il faut (present)
when followed by a noun,
can also mean
we need

18. il a fallu (perfect)
can mean
I had to, you had to, he had
to, she had to, we had to ,
they had to, people had to

20. il faudra (future)
can mean
I will have to, you will have
to, he will have to, etc

22. il faudrait (conditional)
means either
I would have to, you would
have to, he would have to, etc
or
I should, you should, we
should, etc

24. il fallait (imperfect)
means either
I had to (or used to have to),
you had to, etc
or
I should have, you should
have, etc

26. falloir
may be followed by an
infinitive...

27. falloir
...or by a noun

28. falloir
can be personalised by the
addition of an indirect object
pronoun

29. il me faut (present)
means
I have to (+ verb)
or
I need (+ noun)

32. il nous a fallu
(perfect)
means
we had to (+ verb)
or
we needed (+ noun)

34. il te faudra (future)
means
you will have to (+ verb)
or
you will need (+ noun)