Photosynthesis

CHAPTER 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Life in the Sun

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[object Object],AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Carbon dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen gas PHOTOSYNTHESIS

[object Object],[object Object],7.1 Autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere

[object Object],Figure 7.1A Figure 7.1B

[object Object],Figure 7.1C Figure 7.1D

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7.2 Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts

[object Object],Figure 7.2 LEAF CROSS SECTION MESOPHYLL CELL LEAF Chloroplast Mesophyll CHLOROPLAST Intermembrane space Outer membrane Inner membrane Thylakoid compartment Thylakoid Stroma Granum Stroma Grana

[object Object],[object Object],Figure 7.2x2

[object Object],7.3 Plants produce O 2 gas by splitting water Figure 7.3A

Figure 7.3B Figure 7.3C Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Not labeled Labeled Reactants: Products:

[object Object],[object Object],7.4 Photosynthesis is a redox process, as is cellular respiration Figure 7.4A Figure 7.4B Reduction Oxidation Oxidation Reduction

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7.5 Overview: Photosynthesis occurs in two stages linked by ATP and NADPH

[object Object],Figure 7.5 Light Chloroplast LIGHT REACTIONS (in grana) CALVIN CYCLE (in stroma) Electrons H 2 O O 2 CO 2 NADP + ADP + P Sugar ATP NADPH

[object Object],7.6 Visible radiation drives the light reactions THE LIGHT REACTIONS: CONVERTING SOLAR ENERGY TO CHEMICAL ENERGY Gamma rays X-rays UV Infrared Micro- waves Radio waves Visible light Wavelength (nm) Figure 7.6A

Figure 7.6B Light Chloroplast Reflected light Absorbed light Transmitted light

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7.8 In the light reactions, electron transport chains generate ATP, NADPH, and O 2

[object Object],[object Object],7.10 ATP and NADPH power sugar synthesis in the Calvin cycle THE CALVIN CYCLE: CONVERTING CO 2 TO SUGARS INPUT Figure 7.10A OUTPUT: CALVIN CYCLE

[object Object],Figure 7.10B INPUT: Step Carbon fixation. In a reaction catalyzed by rubisco, 3 molecules of CO 2 are fixed. 1 1 Step Energy consumption 2 3 P P P 6 6 2 ATP 6 ADP + P 6 NADPH 6 NADP + 6 P G3P Step Release of one molecule of G3P. 3 CALVIN CYCLE 3 OUTPUT: 1 P Glucose and other compounds G3P Step Regeneration of RuBP. 4 G3P 4 3 ADP 3 ATP 3 CO 2 5 P RuBP 3-PGA

[object Object],7.11 Review: Photosynthesis uses light energy to make food molecules PHOTOSYNTHESIS REVIEWED AND EXTENDED Figure 7.11 Light Chloroplast Photosystem II Electron transport chains Photosystem I CALVIN CYCLE Stroma Electrons LIGHT REACTIONS CALVIN CYCLE Cellular respiration Cellulose Starch Other organic compounds

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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7.12 C 4 and CAM plants have special adaptations that save water

[object Object],CALVIN CYCLE 2-C compound Figure 7.12A

[object Object],CALVIN CYCLE 4-C compound Figure 7.12B ,[object Object],[object Object],3-C sugar

[object Object],CALVIN CYCLE 4-C compound Figure 7.12C ,[object Object],[object Object],3-C sugar Night Day

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7.13 Human activity is causing global warming; photosynthesis moderates it PHOTOSYNTHESIS, SOLAR RADIATION, AND EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE

Figure 7.13A & B Sunlight ATMOSPHERE Radiant heat trapped by CO 2 and other gases

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[object Object],[object Object],7.14 Talking About Science: Mario Molina talks about Earth’s protective ozone layer Figure 7.14A

[object Object],Figure 7.14B Sunlight Southern tip of South America ,[object Object],Antarctica

Photosynthesis

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