The document discusses several factors that affect lung volumes including sex, height, smoking history, fitness level, and altitude. It describes two types of lung disease - restrictive, where lung volumes are decreased, and obstructive, where lung volumes are normal but airflow is impeded. Specific conditions like asthma, smoking, emphysema, pneumonia, bronchitis, and laryngitis are examined along with their causes and treatments.

2. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Lung volumes and disease: 2 types: Restrictive: Lung volumes are decreased  ex: pulmonary fibrosis

3. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Lung volumes and disease: 2 types: Obstructive: Lung volumes are normal but flow rates are impeded  ex: asthma

4. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ASTHMA: Air pollution can lead to asthma. Asthma is a chronic , inflammatory disease resulting in reversible airflow obstruction. Short-term treatment: Bronchiodilators Long-term treatment: Anti-inflammatory drugs , bronchiodilators

5. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SMOKING: Smoking injures the cilia of the trachea, and alters the efficiency of their beating so they cannot remove foreign particles (i.e. bacteria ) as effectively. Tar builds up in the lungs from smoking. Tar decreases respiration.

6. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SMOKING: Smoking causes emphysema . - alveoli walls fuse together, which reduces the surface area for gas exchange.

8. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SMOKING: Lung cancer is associated with smoking.

12. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Hypoxia (altitude sickness): The body cannot get enough oxygen from the air to meet metabolic demands. Symptoms: Shortness of breath, headaches, nausea Short-term adaptation: Breathing rate increases Long-term adaptations: Body produces more red blood cells; more capillary networks