1. Normalcy in Government
1920 Election of Warren G. Harding as President.
Simpler days before the war.
Isolationist policies by U.S. Government.
Not to get involved in foreign affairs.
Washington Conference—proposed disarmament of
arms buildup for 10 years. The leader was
Charles Evan Hughes.
Kellogg Briand Pact—15 Nations signed the pact to
outlaw war. Eventually 64 nations signed the
agreement.
New High tariff returned U.Ss. To isolationist
position. (Fordney-McCumber Tariff)
Nativism Policies-
1. Quota System established.
2. Discriminatory quotas against European
immigrants.

2. Labor Unrest
Working conditions—higher wages & to form Unions.
Wartime inflation.
Technological unemployment
Strikes.
Boston Police Strike—They wanted a pay raise.
When asked for a raise they were fired. Calvin
Coolidge calls out the National Guard. New
policemen were hired. Coolidge became a hero.
U.S. Steel Strike-wanted shorter hours, higher
wages, collective bargaining and union. Company
hired strikebreakers. Negotiations not met.
Investigation-harsh working conditions. They
received an 8 hour day but no union.
Coal Minters Strike was headed by John L. Lewis.
Wanted higher wages & shorter hours. Wilson
appoints arbitrator-they received a 27% pay
increase.
Labor Unions became weaker because immigrants
were willing to work in poor conditions; Blacks
excluded from Union.
Open Door System-those who were willing to work
for less money.
Welfare Capitalism-people needed money regardless
of their conditions.

3. Labor Unrest
-working conditions
-wartime inflation
-technological unemployment
-strikes
Boston Police strike
U.S. Steel strike
Coal Miners Strike
John L. Lewis
-labor unions weaken
Open Shop system
Welfare capitalism

4. The Red Scare
Russian Revolution in 1917-Vladimir Lenin becomes
Communist leader of Russia.
Red Scare-Americans afraid that the U.S. would
convert to Communism.
U.S. Communist Party formed by the International
Workers of the World. Dozens of bombs mailed
to government businesses & business leaders.
Palmer Raids-J. Edgar Hoover appointed by Palmer
to hunt down Communists, socialists and
anarchists in America.
Violation of Civil Liberties-raided private homes &
offices and jailed suspects without legal counsel.
Sacco & Vanzetti-Anarchist immigrants accused of
murder & executed for robbing a paymaster.
Purpose—to set an example
Growth of the KKKI (1924) reached 4.5 million.
Purpose-against Blacks, saloons, unions, Roman
Catholics and Immigrants.

5. The Red Scare
-Russian Revolution, 1917
Vladimir Lenin
Communists
cry of worldwide revolution
-Red Scare
U.S. Communist Party, IWW
-Palmer Raids
Mitchell Palmer
J.Edgar Hoover
violations of civil liberties
-Sacco and Vanzetti
anarchist immigrants accused of murder and
executed
-Growth of the Klan

6. The Red Scare
-Russian Revolution, 1917
Vladimir Lenin
Communists
cry of worldwide revolution
-Red Scare
U.S. Communist Party, IWW
-Palmer Raids
Mitchell Palmer
J.Edgar Hoover
violations of civil liberties
-Sacco and Vanzetti
anarchist immigrants accused of murder and
executed
-Growth of the Klan

7. The Red Scare
-Russian Revolution, 1917
Vladimir Lenin
Communists
cry of worldwide revolution
-Red Scare
U.S. Communist Party, IWW
-Palmer Raids
Mitchell Palmer
J.Edgar Hoover
violations of civil liberties
-Sacco and Vanzetti
anarchist immigrants accused of murder and
executed
-Growth of the Klan

8. The Red Scare
-Russian Revolution, 1917
Vladimir Lenin
Communists
cry of worldwide revolution
-Red Scare
U.S. Communist Party, IWW
-Palmer Raids
Mitchell Palmer
J.Edgar Hoover
violations of civil liberties
-Sacco and Vanzetti
anarchist immigrants accused of murder and
executed
-Growth of the Klan

9. The Red Scare
-Russian Revolution, 1917
Vladimir Lenin
Communists
cry of worldwide revolution
-Red Scare
U.S. Communist Party, IWW
-Palmer Raids
Mitchell Palmer
J.Edgar Hoover
violations of civil liberties
-Sacco and Vanzetti
anarchist immigrants accused of murder and
executed
-Growth of the Klan

10. The Red Scare
-Russian Revolution, 1917
Vladimir Lenin
Communists
cry of worldwide revolution
-Red Scare
U.S. Communist Party, IWW
-Palmer Raids
Mitchell Palmer
J.Edgar Hoover
violations of civil liberties
-Sacco and Vanzetti
anarchist immigrants accused of murder and
executed
-Growth of the Klan

11. Harding and Coolidge
Prosperity returns to the U.S.
Harding made some good & bad appointments.
Herbert Hoover became Secretary of Commerce.
Andrew Mellon became Secretary of Treasury.
Ohio Gang-Harding’s poker playing cronies—Corrupt
friends used their offices to become wealthy
through graft.
Charles Forbes sold government supplies to private
companies.
Teapot Dome Scandal—Government owned oil rich
lands leased out to private oil companies for less
than their values. This was done by Albert B.
Fall.
Harding & administration are embarrassed.
Harding dies in Office & Calvin Coolidge replaces
him and wins; He wins re-election on the slogan
“Keep Cool With Coolidge.”
He became known as “Do Nothing Cal”

12. Harding and Coolidge
-Prosperity returns to the United States
-Harding made some good and bad appointment
choices
Herbert Hoover
Ohio Gang
-Teapot Dome Scandal
gov’t owned oil rich lands leased out to private
oil companies for far less than their value
-Harding and administration are embarrassed
-Harding dies in Office and Calvin Coolidge replaces
him and wins re-election
“Keep Cool with Coolidge” –
“Do Nothing Cal”

13. Harding and Coolidge
-Prosperity returns to the United States
-Harding made some good and bad appointment
choices
Herbert Hoover
Ohio Gang
-Teapot Dome Scandal
gov’t owned oil rich lands leased out to private
oil companies for far less than their value
-Harding and administration are embarrassed
-Harding dies in Office and Calvin Coolidge replaces
him and wins re-election
“Keep Cool with Coolidge” –
“Do Nothing Cal”