2. WHAT IS INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEMS DESIGN?
Instructional Systems Design is the process of developing
curriculum and resources to aid in the effective and efficient
learning of new ideas, procedures, and strategies.

3. IT’S APPLICATION
Instructional Design can be applied to various learning
environments. These environments include K-12, governments,
business, and various learning environments.

4. ROBERT GAGNE &
GAGNE’S CONDITIONS OF LEARNING
“Robert Gagne (1916–2002) was an educational psychologist who
pioneered the science of instruction in the 1940s. His book "The
Conditions of Learning," first published in 1965, identified the
mental conditions that are necessary for effective learning.”
Gagne’s Model can be used in technical or project oriented
learning.
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/gagne.htm

5. GAGNE’S CONDITIONS OF LEARNING
Gange’s Condition of Learning is comprised of three elements:
Levels of Learning
Processes of Learning
Nine Events of Instruction
http://joelleegardner.blogspot.com/2009/01/my-review-of-gagnes-conditions-of.html

6. GAGNE’S CONDITIONS OF LEARNING
The first element is the Levels of Learning which focus on the
learner.
Verbal Information
• Retrieving stored information.
Intellectual Skills
• Metal operations that permits individuals to respond to the conceptualizations of the environment.
• The internal conditions to facilitate this type of learning.
Cognitive Strategies
• An internal process by which the learners plan, controls, and monitors his/her own ways of thinking
and learning.
Attitude
• An internal state that affects an individual choice of action.
Motor Skills
• Capability to perform a sequence of physical movements.
http://www.personal.psu.edu/wxh139/gagne.htm

7. GAGNE’S CONDITIONS OF LEARNING
The second element is the Process of Learning. In instructional
design, this can be viewed as the level of engagement between
physical actions versus mental processing within a learning
environment.
Behavioral
Cognitive
Information
Process
http://joelleegardner.blogspot.com/2009/01/my-review-of-gagnes-conditions-of.html

8. GAGNE’S CONDITIONS OF LEARNING
The third element is the Nine Events of Learning. These events
help to design learning processes and objectives.
1. Gaining Attention
9. Enhancing Retention 2. Informing Learners of
and Transfer the Objective
3. Stimulating Recall of Prior
8. Assessing Performance Learning
7. Providing Feedback 4. Presenting the Stimulus
5. Providing Learning
6. Eliciting Performance
Guidance
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/gagne.htm

9. GAGNE’S CONDITIONS OF LEARNING APPLIED
• Gagne’s model provides a step-by-step design to support the
learner
• The model supports learning as a process complete with tasks.
• The model also took into consideration the internal learning
process of the learner and combined it with the external nature
of the content.
Examples
• The course materials are designed to prepare the learner
(course objectives), provide a learning opportunity (classroom
or eLearning), and seek feedback regarding the applicability of
the learning (evaluation).

10. JOHN KELLER &
ARCS MODEL OF MOTIVATIONAL DESIGN
“Dr. John M. Keller earned his Ph.D. in Instructional Systems
Technology in 1974 from Indiana University. Dr. Keller is a well
published author in the fields of motivation and instruction,
instructional development management, project management, and
instructional systems design. Currently, he is a professor of
Instructional Systems and Educational Psychology within the
Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems at
Florida State University. Dr. Keller has served as an editor/reviewer
for numerous publications, and as a consultant for a variety of
corporations and organizations (Keller, 2006).
The ARCS Model is usually paired with additional models and can
be used in leadership and business training.
ocedtheories.wikispaces.com/file/view/ARCSModel_Paper1.doc

11. ARCS MODEL OF MOTIVATIONAL DESIGN
Attention
• Begin by stimulating the learner
Relevance
• Make learning applicable to the
learner’s past, present, and future
knowledge
Confidence
• Allow the learners to steer their
learning experiences
Satisfaction
• Provide opportunities for learners
to apply the knowledge they have
gained.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiversity/en/4/47/Arcs.gif; http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/arcs_model.html

12. ARCS MODEL OF MOTIVATIONAL DESIGN
APPLIED
• The ARCS model considered whether the learner will want to
learn, be able to apply what was learned, pace their learning, and
build on their learning.
• The ACRS model prepares the developer to answer the question
WIIFM.
Example:
• An employee determines whether to enroll in an Excel course at
work. The employees factors whether the course will be
challenging, offer opportunities for practice at work and at
home, and whether their learning will be supported by their
current supervisor and in promotion opportunities.

13. COMPARISON
Both the Gagne and
the ARCS Models help
with providing the
learner the reason and
motivational factors
for learning new
material.
This approach learner
to operate in a self-
directed manner.

14. CONTRAST
Gagne’s takes into
consideration the strength of
the learning materials and it’s
relationship to the learner.
When development
instructional materials, the
Nine Events of Instruction
would be taken into
consideration.
ARCS’ focus is strictly on the
learner and does not account
greatly for the development of
the instructional materials.
Since the ARCS model is
focused on intrinsic factors, it
is usually paired with other
models, such as Gagne, that
consider extrinsic factors.

15. SOURCES
• Ellis, A. ARCS Model of Motivation.
ocedtheories.wikispaces.com/file/view/ARCSModel_Paper1.doc.
• Culatta, R. (2012). Conditions of Learning (Robert Gagne).
http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/conditions-learning.html.
• Gagne’s Conditions of Learning.
http://www.personal.psu.edu/wxh139/gagne.htm.
• Gardner, J. (2012). My Review of Gagne’s Conditions of Learning and Events of
Instruction. http://joelleegardner.blogspot.com/2009/01/my-review-of-gagnes-
conditions-of.html.
• John Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivational Design. (2010). Big Dog & Little Dog’s
Performance Juxtaposition.
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/id/arcs_model.html.
• Mind Tools. (2012). Gagne’s Nine Levels of Learning.
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/gagne.htm.