2. Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Roots of Progressivism Section 2 Roosevelt in Office Section 3 The Taft Administration Section 4 The Wilson Years Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.
3. Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. Intro 6 Why It Matters Industrialization changed American society. Cities were crowded with new immigrants, working conditions were often bad, and the old political system was breaking down. These conditions gave rise to the Progressive movement. Progressives campaigned for both political and social reforms for more than two decades and enjoyed significant successes at the local, state, and national levels.
15. Section 1-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Government and Democracy Progressive reformers focused on political reforms to try to keep the nation true to its democratic ideals.
20. Section 1-8 What kind of group were the progressives? The progressives were a group with widely different views and ideas about how to fix society’s problems. They often disagreed with each other over the issues. They belonged to both political parties and were usually urban, educated middle-class Americans. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Rise of Progressivism (cont.) (pages 418–420)
21.
22.
23. Section 1-11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What was the importance of Frederick W. Taylor’s book The Principles of Scientific Management ? The book, which described how companies could become more efficient by managing time and breaking down tasks, influenced the progressives as they used these ideas and applied them to city government. Making Government Efficient (cont.) (page 420)
24.
25.
26.
27. Section 1-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why did the progressives want the direct election of senators? The United States Constitution had originally called for each state legislature to elect two senators from each state. As a result, political machines often influenced the election of senators in exchange for federal contracts and jobs. Progressives hoped the direct election of senators by all state voters would end this corruption. Democracy and Progressivism (cont.) (page 421)
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33. Section 1-21 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What was the difference between the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Suffrage Association? The National Woman Suffrage Association wanted to focus on passing a constitutional amendment for woman suffrage. The other group wanted state governments to give women the right to vote before trying to amend the Constitution. The Suffrage Movement (cont.) (pages 421–423)
34.
35.
36.
37.
38. Section 1-26 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How did social welfare progressives hope to solve society’s problems? Social welfare progressives created charities to help the poor and disadvantaged, and pushed for laws to help fix social problems. Social Welfare Progressivism (cont.) (pages 423–425)
39.
40.
41. Section 1-29 Progressives Versus Big Business (cont.) Why did some progressives focus on regulating big business? This group felt that wealth was concentrated in the hands of too few people. They were concerned about trusts and giant corporations that dominated big business. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (page 425)
42. Section 1-30 Checking for Understanding __ 1. vote held by all members of a political party to decide their candidate for public office __ 2. a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society __ 3. a political movement that crossed party lines which believed that industrialism and urbanization had created many social problems and that government should take a more active role in dealing with these problems. A. progressivism B. muckraker C. commission plan D. direct primary E. initiative Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. B A D
43. Section 1-31 Checking for Understanding __ 4. a plan in which a city’s government is divided into different departments with different functions, each placed under the control of a commissioner __ 5. the right of citizens to place a measure or issue before the voters or the legislature for approval A. progressivism B. muckraker C. commission plan D. direct primary E. initiative Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. E C
44. Section 1-32 Checking for Understanding (cont.) State what was provided for by the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
45. Section 1-33 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government and Democracy How did initiative, referendum, and recall change democracy in the United States? They gave voters more power to introduce legislation, to approve legislation, and to remove elected officials.
46. Section 1-34 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Evaluating What impact did Susan B. Anthony have on Progressive era reforms? She helped form early woman suffrage organizations.
47. Section 1-35 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examining Charts Study the charts on page 421 of your textbook. Under which system do voters seem to have the most control over department heads? Why do you think so? Voters seem to have the most control with the mayor-council form or the commission form because they elect the person to whom the department heads report.
48. Section 1-36 Close Evaluate the impact of initiative, referendum, and recall and the Seventeenth Amendment.
52. Section 2-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Individual Action Progressive goals were carried to the national level when Theodore Roosevelt became president.
61. Section 2-12 How did Roosevelt take on big business? In early 1902 he ordered his attorney general to file a lawsuit under the Sherman Antitrust Act against Northern Securities. When the mine owners refused arbitration in the coal mine strike, Roosevelt threatened to order the army to run the mines. Roosevelt convinced Congress to create the Department of Commerce and Labor with its Bureau of Corporations, which investigated corporations and issued reports on their activities. Roosevelt pushed the Hepburn Act through Congress. This act was intended to give the ICC the power to set railroad rates. Roosevelt Revives the Presidency (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 427–430)
62.
63.
64. Section 2-15 What were patent medicines? Many patent medicines were potions made from alcohol, colored water, and sugar. Companies claimed the medicines would cure a variety of ills. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Social Welfare Action (cont.) (page 430)
65.
66.
67. Section 2-18 What was Roosevelt’s policy on conservation? Roosevelt believed in conservation methods that promoted careful management of the nation’s resources. He believed that trained experts in forestry and resource management should apply to the landscape the same scientific standards that others were using in the management of cities and industry. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Conservation (cont.) (pages 430–431)
68. Section 2-19 Checking for Understanding __ 1. settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider __ 2. Theodore Roosevelt’s promise of fair and equal treatment for all A. Square Deal B. arbitration Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A B
69. Section 2-20 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain what was provided for in the Hepburn Act. The Hepburn Act attempted to strengthen the ICC by giving it the power to set railroad rates.
70. Section 2-21 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Individual Action How did Upton Sinclair contribute to involving the federal government in protecting consumers? His book The Jungle raised awareness of conditions in the meatpacking industry.
71. Section 2-22 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Drawing Conclusions What impact did Roosevelt’s use of the Sherman Antitrust Act have on business? It broke up Northern Securities and put big business on notice that Roosevelt would use the powers of the act if necessary.
72. Section 2-23 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Political Cartoons Look at the cartoon on page 428 of your textbook. Why are the giants depicted as they are? What do they represent? Roosevelt is called Jack the Giant-Killer. What fairy tale is being referred to? They are very powerful men who forcefully dominate politics and the economy. Jack and the Beanstalk is being referred to.
73. Section 2-24 Close List the ways in which Theodore Roosevelt showed his interest in environmental conservation.
77. Section 3-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Continuity and Change Political differences with Roosevelt caused President Taft to lose Progressive support, even though he supported many Progressive policies.
84. Section 3-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How did President Taft differ from President Theodore Roosevelt? Where Roosevelt was charismatic and loved politics, Taft was the exact opposite. He did not like the spotlight and reacted to issues by approaching them from a legal point of view. Taft Becomes President (cont.) (pages 434–437)
85.
86.
87. Section 3-13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. What caused Roosevelt to publicly criticize Taft’s actions as president? Roosevelt criticized Taft after he broke up trusts, destroying Roosevelt’s system of cooperation and regulation that he set up with big business through the Bureau of Corporations. Taft’s Progressive Reforms (cont.) (page 437)
88. Section 3-14 Checking for Understanding __ 1. disobedience __ 2. a business group A. syndicate B. insubordination Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A B
89. Section 3-15 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Describe how Taft helped conservation efforts, alleviated child labor problems, and strengthened the ICC. He expanded national forests, protected water sites, set up a commission to investigate child labor, and supported the Mann-Elkins Act.
90. Section 3-16 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Continuity and Change How did replacing Roosevelt’s secretary of the interior cause a dispute between Taft and the progressives? Garfield, an aggressive conservationist, was replaced by Ballinger, a conservative corporate lawyer.
91. Section 3-17 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Comparing What was the difference between Roosevelt and Taft regarding the relationship between the president and Congress? Roosevelt came up with great ideas and left administration up to others while Taft preferred administration.
92. Section 3-19 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examining Photographs Study the photograph on page 435 of your textbook. Note the formal attire of the president and his wife. How would you compare the clothes the people in the photograph are wearing with today’s style of dress for leisure activities? The people in the photograph are more formally dressed than we dress today.
93. Section 3-20 Close Discuss why progressives were disappointed with Taft as president.
97. Section 4-3 Guide to Reading (cont.) Section Theme Government and Democracy Woodrow Wilson’s reforms greatly increased the federal government’s role in regulating the nation’s economy.
102. Section 4-8 Why did Roosevelt decide to run for president as an independent? Roosevelt decided to run as an independent when it became clear that Taft’s delegates controlled the Republican nomination. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The Election of 1912 (cont.) (pages 438–439)
103.
104.
105.
106. Section 4-12 What made the Federal Reserve Act so significant? The system could fight inflation by raising interest rates and stimulate the economy during a recession by lowering interest rates. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Regulating the Economy (cont.) (pages 439–441)
107.
108.
109. Section 4-15 Federal Aid and Social Welfare (cont.) Why did Wilson begin supporting reforms once again? The congressional election of 1914 left the Democrats with major losses. Many progressives were returning to the Republican Party. Wilson knew he could not rely on a split opposition when he ran for re-election. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 441–442)
110.
111. Section 4-17 How did Progressive reform help change American society? The progressives expanded democracy and improved life for many Americans. The Legacy of Progressivism (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (page 442)
112. Section 4-18 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1. trading practices which derive a gain at the expense of the competition __ 2. a tax based on the net income of a person or business A. income tax B. unfair trade practices Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A B
113. Section 4-19 Checking for Understanding (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain why President Wilson proposed the establishment of the Federal Reserve system. He proposed the establishment of the Federal Reserve system to restore public confidence in the banking system.
114. Section 4-20 Reviewing Themes Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government and Democracy What new federal agencies increased the government’s power to regulate the economy? The Federal Reserve system and the Federal Trade Commission increased the governments power to regulate the economy.
115. Section 4-21 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Forming an Opinion Which of Wilson’s reforms do you consider most important? Why? Answers will vary.
116. Section 4-22 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Photographs Study the photograph on page 443 of your textbook. What details do you see in the image that might have contributed to tainted meat? When do you think the stamp above the photo began to be used? The condition of floors and the wheelbarrow carrying meat might have contributed to the tainted meat. The stamp above the photograph began to be used after 1906.
121. Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. a vote held by all members of a political party to decide their candidate for public office __ 2. the right to vote __ 3. a tax based on the net income of a person or business __ 4. laws banning the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages __ 5. a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society A. muckraker B. direct primary C. initiative D. referendum E. suffrage F. temperance G. prohibition H. Square Deal I. syndicate J. income tax E J B G A
122. Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms (cont.) Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 6. the practice of letting voters accept or reject measures proposed by the legislature __ 7. a business group __ 8. moderation in or abstinence from alcohol __ 9. the right of citizens to place a measure of issue before the voters or the legislature for approval __ 10. Theodore Roosevelt’s promise of fair and equal treatment for all I F D C H A. muckraker B. direct primary C. initiative D. referendum E. suffrage F. temperance G. prohibition H. Square Deal I. syndicate J. income tax
123. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts What were the characteristics of the Progressive era? The characteristics of the Progressive era were the belief that people could improve society, and that government should play an active role in reform.
124. Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) How did President Roosevelt influence the outcome of the 1902 coal strike? He threatened to send in the army to work the mines. His threat finally got the mine owners to agree to arbitration.
125. Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Reviewing Key Facts (cont.) How did President Wilson attempt to reform the banking industry? He set up the Federal Reserve System to control the circulation of money in the United States.
126. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Analyzing Themes: Government and Democracy How did Wisconsin governor Robert La Follette help to expand democracy in the United States? He pressured the state legislature to require each party to hold a direct primary, thus weakening the party caucus system.
127. Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking (cont.) Analyzing How did Progressive reforms strengthen the cause of woman suffrage? Many middle class women concluded that they needed the vote to promote the social reforms they favored and to ensure the passage of labor laws to protect women.
128. Chapter Assessment 8 Geography and History The map below shows the relationship between the Progressive movement and state governments. Study the map and answer the questions on the following slides.
129. Chapter Assessment 9 Interpreting Maps Which three states came under the control of reformers before Wisconsin did? Reformers controlled Texas, Washington, and South Carolina. Geography and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
130. Chapter Assessment 10 Geography and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Applying Geography Skills What generalization can you make about progressives in state governments? Reformers were most active in the South, the Great Plains, and the Far West.
131. Chapter Assessment 11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question. In 1920 women won an important victory when the Nineteenth Amendment was ratified. What did this amendment accomplish? A It required colleges to accept women. B It guaranteed child care for workers’ children. C It granted women the right to vote. D It guaranteed equal wages for equal work. Test-Taking Tip Some answers can be eliminated by using your own knowledge. For example, you probably know that child care is still an issue for parents today, so it cannot be guaranteed in the Nineteenth Amendment. Therefore, you can eliminate answer B.
132. Chapter Assessment 12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What does the term suffrage mean? The term suffrage means the right to vote.
134. CC 1-1 World History At the same time that American women were struggling for the right to vote, women in China were finally being freed from the disabling custom of foot-binding. Foot-binding had been practiced in China since the Song dynasty ( A . D . 960–1279). It involved tightly wrapping strips of linen around young girls’ feet to discourage growth. The practice extended to all social classes and left women throughout China virtually crippled in later life. The Chinese government officially banned the practice in 1912.
135. F/F/F 1-Fact The Teddy Bear The soft and cuddly teddy bear was named after the gruff and rugged Theodore (“Teddy”) Roosevelt. The idea for the toy stemmed from a hunting trip Roosevelt took to Mississippi in 1902. On the trip, the president refused to kill a defenseless bear cub. Cartoonist Clifford Berryman drew a whimsical reenactment of the scene for the Washington Post, which in turn inspired Morris Michtom, a toy shop owner in Brooklyn, to create the “teddy bear.” The toy became a runaway success in the United States and abroad. Michtom’s wife hand stitched the first bears. After they sold quickly, Michtom sent a bear to the president and asked for permission to name the bears “Teddy.” After getting a positive response, Michtom made arrangements for mass production.
136. FYI Contents 1 Reforms Mary Church Terrell Nineteenth Amendment Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.
137. FYI 1-1a Reforms often start at the local level and spread. In 1875 Nebraska established preferential primaries so voters could indicate their choices for senator. By 1912 more than one-half of the states had such primaries.
138. FYI 1-2b Mary Church Terrell, born in 1863, was the most prominent African American in the suffrage movement, but she also led a lifelong campaign against racial injustice. Terrell encouraged picketing and sit-ins years before the civil rights movement adopted those strategies. She also was a cofounder of the NAACP. Fittingly, Terrell lived long enough to see the Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in Brown v. Board of Education.
139. FYI 1-2c Tennessee became the thirty-sixth state to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment in August 1920. With ratification of the necessary three-fourths of the states, Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby certified the ratification on August 26, 1920.
140. FYI 1-2d The issue of labor relations was the central theme of one of the most popular books of the 1890s, Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward, 2000-1887. In this utopian novel, people worked in a national industrial army until they retired at age 45.
141. FYI 2-1 On December 3, 1901, Roosevelt made his first annual address to Congress. His speech focused on the need for the federal government to restrain large corporations and trusts. During his presidency, he initiated 44 lawsuits against trusts.
142. Moment in History 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.
143. SW Skill Builder 1 Taking Notes Taking notes is a way of recording the important parts of something you have read. Taking notes also helps you recall information. The guidelines on page 426 of your textbook explain how to get the most out of your notes. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.
144.
145.
146.
147. SW Skill Builder 5 Practicing the Skill After you have carefully read Section 4 of this chapter, follow the general guidelines to taking notes listed on the previous slides and create notes for the subsection “The Limits of Progressivism.” Taking Notes
155. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
156. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
157. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
158. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The two approaches were different. Roosevelt favored strengthening the federal government’s role in the economy, whereas Wilson favored reducing its role.
163. HELP To navigate within this Presentation Plus! product: Click the Forward button to go to the next slide. Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide. Click the Section Back button to return to the beginning of the section you are in. If you are viewing a feature, this button returns you to the main presentation. Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu. Click the Help button to access this screen. Click the Speaker button to listen to available audio. Click the Speaker Off button to stop any playing audio. Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the chapter slide show. Click the Maps and Chart button in the top right corner of many slides to link to relevant In-Motion and static maps and charts. Presentation Plus! features such as the Reference Atlas , History Online , and others are located in the left margin of most screens. Click on any of these buttons to access a specific feature.
164. End of Custom Shows End of Custom Shows WARNING! Do Not Remove This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom shows and return to the main presentation.
