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- 1. A Podcast of the Development of Technology from 1960-1990 Ann Kelley ann.kelley@waldenu.edu EDUC 7100 Ed.S. in Educational Technology Walden University August 11, 2013
- 2. Introduction • I have chosen to do a podcast on the decades of the 60’s, 70’s and 80’s due to the large turn-over in the Presidential office and the beginning of technology. Regardless of the mess that our country experienced, technology advances still were created. • The computer age had a break-through that allows electronics to be small and the also keep memory through random access memory. This will allow electronics to be accessible by all consumers later.
- 20. References Apples four the teacher. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.apples4theteacher.com/ History of american businesses. (2012, May 12). Retrieved from http://historybusiness.org John f. kennedy presidential library and museum. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.jfklibrary.org/ Lallanilla, M. (2013). Energy crisis: the opec oil embargo. Retrieved from http://greenliving.about.com/od/greenlivingbasics/a/Energy- Crisis-The-Opec-Oil- Embargo.html Smith, T. (1980, January 20). The president said nyet. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/sports/year_in_sports/01.20.html Whitley, P. (1999). American cultural history. Retrieved from http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decades.html
- 22. 1960’s • The 60’s brought more war. During Eisenhower’s Presidency the Vietnam War escalated. • 1961 John F. Kennedy is inaugurated as the 35th President of the United States.
- 23. 1961 • The launch of Sputnik in 1957 causes President Kennedy to launch the Apollo Project to put man on the moon. This challenges not only NASA, but the whole country to think big, dream big and then to act on those dreams. The goal of putting man on the moon before the decade is over with the full support of the nation along with full funding and funding for other technological advances. Kennedy didn’t just fund many advance projects, but he gave the American people a goal to be better and to be number one and move forward.
- 24. Civil Rights • Even though Kennedy was dealing with foreign affair issues he also had to deal with issues with the Civil Rights Movement on America’s soil. The KKK broke out in response to the Freedom Rides; therefore, pushing Kennedy into action due to the violence. September of 1962 Kennedy sent 500 marshals to keep law and order as James Meredith enrolled in an all-white college. In 1963 Kennedy sent the National Guard to make sure the college in Birmingham was up-holding the law of desegregation. • March 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his “I have a Dream” speech.
- 25. Foreign conflict increased • Competition with the Soviets intensified not only through the efforts of beating them through space, but also as our nation was threatened by the Soviets missiles and views of communism.
- 26. Crises of the Cold War In 1961 • Bay of Pigs was a secret mission that ended in disaster and United States never admitted involvement. • Kennedy continues commitment to West Berlin; therefore, Khrushchev builds the Berlin Wall. • In 1962, United States is threatened as the Soviet Union places missiles in Cuba. Through negotiations, a deal was made between United States and Soviet Union which allowed everyone to sleep in peace.
- 27. Americans Mourn a Great President • November 22, 1963, Kennedy is shot and killed in Dallas Texas. As Lyndon B. Johnson takes over as President, America is left to mourn for the loss of this great President who is known for challenging ourselves and always looking for ways to make our nation better.
- 28. Lyndon B. Johnson continues with Kennedy’s Vision • November 22, 1963 became the 36th President of the United States after the assassination of Kennedy. • 1964 The Rail Road Crisis • Also in 1964 Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked U.S. Navy Destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. • 1964 The Civil Rights Law was signed.
- 29. Kennedy’s Challenge • Kennedy’s Challenge not only advanced the space program, but also advanced other forms of technology. • In 1968 Engineer Ted Hoff invented one chip that could do the work of all the chips that had been previously needed for electronics. The intel 4004 microprocessor allows devices today to be as small as they are in size. • Also in 1968 Robert Dennard invented RAM, random access memory, one of the first forms of memory processing in a computer.
- 30. Kennedy’s Challenge is America’s hope • Individuals are pursuing their dreams and advancing their businesses by thinking outside of the box. Dominic Lamberti an Italian immigrant and former coal miner opened a coal and ice delivery business and later decided that he would advance his business by also offering groceries inside and then as times changed he offered gas outside.
- 31. Everyone deserves Freedom • Martin Luther King Jr. took Kennedy’s famous quote to heart, “It is not what your country does, but what you do for your country.” • Martin Luther King Jr. stood up for what was right and he fought for his rights along with others and in return he made a huge impact in securing the freedom and rights of all men and women and ending segregation.
- 32. The Assassination of Another Great Man with a Vision • April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated. Even though King did not live to see his dream come true, because of his role in the civil rights movement he had a major impact that made his dream possible and helped others live his dream, he helped change America.
- 33. Kennedy’s Dream • America sees Kennedy’s dream fulfilled on July 20, 1969 as Neil Armstrong took the first step for mankind when he took man’s first step on the moon. • In 1969 Richard Nixon is inaugurated the 37th President of the United States.
- 34. As we focus on Individual Rights • Herbert R. Kohl begins a new thought in his book “The Open Classroom,” promoting an open education, focusing on student-centered classrooms. Education in 1969, begins thinking about the rights of feelings of the individual student. • 1970 Jean Piaget publishes, “The Science of Education,” on discovery-based teaching.
- 35. Technology in the 70’s • Even though Politically our country was a mess, due to the 60’s push on following dreams and pushing to make things better, the 70’s reaped the technological advances and the work from the 60’s. • The decade started with the VCR in 1971
- 36. 1970’s • The 70’s bring violence and anti-war efforts. Nixon must send National Guardsmen to Kent State University to halt the anti-war riots. • 1970 was a busy year for Nixon as he signs the reorganization of the post office and then in 1971 wage-price control bill, and lowering the voting age from 21 to 18.
- 37. Individual Rights Continue • The industrial age created lots of air pollution, but now as we are focusing on making our country better and creating a better environment for everyone which creates the 1970 Clean Air Act, which emphasizes the importance of keeping the air clean. This political action created a need to figure out how to replace the factories.
- 38. 1972 • 1972, The Water gate scandal began hitting the public as five thieves were arrested while breaking into the Democrat National Headquarters. • 1973: Roe vs. Wade – the famous trial that makes it illegal for states to outlaw abortion. • 1973: Corruption of the Vice President- Vice President Spiro Agnew resigns as he is charged for something he did while he was Governor in Maryland.
- 39. Life as Americans knew it was forced to change. • October 17, 1973: OPEC cut United States supply of oil due to their support to Israel; therefore, the limited amount of gas caused prices to increase 45 percent. • http://historybusiness.org/2300-arab-oil- embargo-of- 1973.html?newsid=2300&seourl=arab-oil- embargo-of-1973
- 40. Americans were fearful as everyone learned of our weakness. • Due to the shortage and increase of oil, life that Americans had grown accustomed to was threatened. It became known that things needed to change and Americans had to design new technologies that decreased the amount of oil needed. The United States was in the middle of an Energy Crisis. • http://greenliving.about.com/od/greenlivingbasics/a/E nergy-Crisis-The-Opec-Oil-Embargo.htm • Creating cars that were lighter, less metal, and used less gas became important as gas prices rose.
- 41. New Vice President • Gerald Ford, in 1973, in nominated for Vice President. • 1973 Continues with civil rights as Nixon increases Social Security benefits. • The Rehabilitation Act made it mandatory for all major companies to employ a certain percentage of disabled employees and forbade discrimination. • 1974, The supreme court rules women should receive equal pay for performing equal work. • Ford signs ERISA which protects retired people.
- 42. During Nixon’s Presidency • Nixon created EPA • Earth Day • Endangered Species Act, Clean Air Act, and Pesticide Act • Education: the weakest leak was deemed as how society was going to be judged. • Society questioned Science as the Energy Crisis was experienced.
- 43. Watergate Scandal comes to an abrupt end. • July 24th 1974 The Supreme Court orders Nixon to turn over Water Gate tapes and upon his refusal word of impeachment are heard, but before anything can be done, on August 8, 1974, Nixon resigns. • Gerald Ford is sworn in and he nominates Neslson A. Rockefeller s his Vice President.
- 44. During Gerald Ford’s Presidency • 1974 The government has compassion for those who avoided their drafts and those who deserted during the Vietnam War. • The Freedom of Information Act is passed, which allows the public to have access to Federal information. • 1975 Unemployment reaches its highest peak of 9.2 percent • 1975, The laser printer and ink-jet printer were invented. • 1976 Viking I lands on Mars and Jimmy Carter defeats Gerald Ford in the Presidential election. • 1976 Steven Wozniat and Steve Jobs designed the first Apple computer. • 1976 Microsoft
- 45. 1977 Carter is inaugurated as the 39th President. • 1977 Carter Pardons Vietnam evaders • 1978 Carter creates the Taft Hartley Act to end a strike of coal miners. • 1978 Carter grants full diplomatic status to the People’s Republic of China. • 1978, The Artificial Heart • 1979 Carter approves development of the MX missile. • 1979 Iranian Students take 66 Americans hostage at the American Embassy in Tehran. • Home Depot was founded by Bernie Marcus, Arthur Blank, and Kenneth Langone or Atlanta, GA. They launched the Home Depot idea that took off, “Do-it-yourself home improvement.” Men were coming home from the war and didn’t have jobs; therefore, they needed to keep busy and do jobs around the house. • 1979 – Cell phones were invented
- 46. 80’s bring consequences of life in the 70’s • The 70’s is known for trying drugs and lots of sex. The action of the 70’s bring consequences of new laws and new diseases. • Due to the increase of sexual diseases health programs are essential in schools. • Schools also must teach the importance of staying away from drugs and the consequences of drugs. • Madeline C. Hunter introduces Mastery Teaching, emphasizing direct instruction teaching model. • The public becomes easily informed of what is happening in the country and globally as cable television becomes common in homes along with watching nightly news stations. Technology booms.
- 47. 1980 Chrysler Bail Out is signed • The Refugee Act help immigrants resettle in United States
- 48. • 80’s • http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/spor ts/year_in_sports/01.20.html • U.S. Olympic Committee votes to boycott Olympics in Moscow in support of President Carter • 1980 and 1984 US boycott’s Olympics due to their war on Afghanistan
- 49. 1980 • 1980, Carter loses election to Ronald Reagan • 1981, Reagan, 40th President is Inaugruated. • 1981, MS – DOS and first IBM-PC invented • Iran releases 52 American hostages • Air Traffic controllers go on strike and Reagan ignores their actions. • Assassination attempt – Reagan is shot by John Warnock Hinckley, Jr.
- 50. 1982 • 1982, Unemployment hits a record high since the Great Depression, 10.8 percent. • 1983, Reagan signs the Social Security Reform Bill into law. • 1983, U.S. forces invade and liberate Grenada. • 1983, National Commission of Excellence in Education reported that The United States was A Nation At Risk. The report stated that we were behind on education. • 1983, Jim Sinegal opened the first Costco store on September 15, 1983, which allowed small businesses to buy goods at discount prices, later they opened it to retail owners and them a membership only. • 1984, Scientists identify the AIDS virus. • 1984 Reagan wins reelection
- 51. Reagan’s Second Term of Office • 1986 is a busy year: • 1986, Chernobyl Power Station in the USSR explodes. • 1986, The space shuttle Challenger explodes after take-off. • People begin thinking about Animal Rights, Pet Smart is opened by Jim and Janice Daugherty, in 1986. • QVC, founded by Joseph Segal the first online retail store. • Fuji introduced the first disposable camera. • Apple Macintosh in invented. • 1987, Black Monday stock market crash, The Dow Jones falls 508 points, 23 percent. • 1988 George H.W. Bush is elected. • 1988 Digital cell phone
- 52. George H.W. Bush 41st President • 1989, Bail out plan for troubled savings and loans banks. • 1989, Ban on importation of semi-automatic rifles • 1989, Oil Spill in Southeastern Alaska. • 1989, Bush suspends the sale of weapons to China. • 1989, Bush signs into law the Financial Institutions Reform, Recover and Enforcement Act of 1989. • 1989, The Berlin Wall falls, ending the communist rule in Eastern Europe. • 1989, Bush signs anti-drug law expanding programs.
- 53. 1989 • First online degree offered at University of Phoenix. • The end of the 80’s brings internet to the 90’s and the new idea of accessing the web and purchasing items through the internet.