Carnivorous plants obtain nutrients by trapping and digesting insects and other small animals. They have evolved various trapping mechanisms, such as pitfall traps in pitcher plants that lure insects in with nectar and cause them to fall into liquid, and snap traps like the Venus fly trap that rapidly closes leaves around prey. Other traps use sticky tentacles like sundews. Plant growth is regulated by hormones including auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins that promote cell division and elongation, and abscisic acid that inhibits growth.

1. Plant Responses to Stimuli

18. Seed Germination The aforementioned hormones are necessary for a seed to germinate into a healthy plant