this presentation describes the processs of use of nanorobots in Heart Bypass Surgery

1. Under the guidance of
Prof.Priya.B.Bagewadi
Submitted by Mrudula Swamy

2. WHAT IS BYPASS SURGERY???
 Heart bypass surgery or Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery(CABG) is
performed to improve the circulation of blood to the heart muscles in
people with severe coronary artery diseases.
 One or more coronary arteries can be bypassed in an operation.

3. TRADITIONAL PROCEDURE OF
BYPASS SURGERY

4. BEFORE THE PROCEDURE
 IV line
 Oral or IV sedative
 General anesthesia
 Breathing tube
 Catheter placed in bladder

5. DURING THE PROCEDURE
Two blood vessels are typically used for graft:
1.Internal Thoracic Artery(ITA) and 2.Saphenous vein

6. AFTER THE PROCEDURE
 Patient may experience side effects such as:
 Loss of appetite, constipation.
 Swelling in the area from which the segment of blood vessel was
removed.
 Fatigue, mood swings, feelings of depression, difficulty in sleeping.
 Muscle pain or tightness in the shoulders and upper back.

7. ENTRY OF NANOROBOTS

8. WHAT ARE NANOROBOTS
 A nanobot is a microscopic robot built with nanotechnology.
 Performs tasks at nanoscale level.
 The size of nanorobot is 10-9.
 The prefix nano means billionth.

9. PROPERTIES OF NANOBOT USED
ON BYPASS SURGERY
 The nanorobots structure will have two spaces, interior and exterior.
 The exterior will be diamonded.
 An electric motor is attached to this nanorobot for its propagation
inside the circulatory system in the blood vessels. The
microprocessor, artery thermometer, camera, rotating needle are also
incorporated in this nanomachine, which perform the vital role of the
nanorobot.
 The microprocessor controls the overall operation of this nanorobot.
The radioactive material is impregnated and is made as a part of the
exterior surface, which helps us to trace the nanorobot at any period
of time. The magnetic switch is also provided to switch on and off
the nanorobot at any point of time.

10. INJECTING A NANOROBOT IN TO THE
BODY AND THE SOURCE OF MOVING:
•Nanorobot gets access into the body through a large diameter artery i.e. the
femoral artery in leg.
•A small amount of radioactive substance is
•impregnated on nanorobot.
•to get access to the site of operation of the nanorobot, it must have active
propeller.
•An electric motor is used. This electric motor will have a shrouded blade
design so as to avoid damage to the surrounding tissues.
•An internal sensor is used to find out the
exact location of the plaque.

11. TREATMENT OF PLAQUE AND MEANS
OF REMOVAL OF NANOROBOT:
 Activation of rotating needle.
 The diamond chipped burr grinds the plaque into micro particles.
 Cutting procedure is monitored using the camera.
 Nanorobot starts the operation when the bar magnet is moved over
it.
 The removal of nanorobot is made possible by guiding the
Nanorobot to anchor a blood vessel that is easily accessible from
outside, and perform a small surgical operation is performed to
remove it.
 The area where the temperature exceeds than the maximum limit
set in the nanorobot, will be operated on by the Nanorobot i.e. that
part will be cut by the rotator needle attached to the nanorobot.

12. WHY NANOROBOTS????
ADVANTAGES
 Elimination of disease.
 Nanorobot might function at the atomic and molecular level to build
devices, machines or circuits known as molecular manufacturing.
 Nanorobots might also produce copies of themselves to replace
worn-out units, a process called self-replication.
 The major advantage of nanorobots is thought to be their durability,
in theory, they can remain operational for years, decades or centuries.

13. DISADVANTAGES
 The nanorobot should be very accurate otherwise
harmful events may occur.
 The initial design cost is very high.
 The design of this robot is very complicated
 Hard to design.

14. CONCLUSION
 With the application to healthcare, nanotechnology is indeed quite
the exciting and revolutionary technique in the pursuit of quality
healthcare. Nanomedicine endeavors to improve human health
utilizing molecular tools and nano particles. The technology and the
applicability of it to the human body is still at preliminary stages .

15. REFERENCES
 Replacement Of Heart Bypass Surgery By Nanorobots, International Journal Of
Advanced Research And technology, www.ijart.org/2012/IJART080.pdf ,Shinob M.C,
Department of ECE,Roever Engineering College,Perambalur Jidhin G, Department of
ECE,Roever Engineering College,Perambalur
 www.frost.com,www.frost.com/sublib/display-market-insightop.do?id=130393722
 Possibilitieswithnanorobotics,3407713mcfilmer.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/report-
assignment-1.pdf
 123seminarsonly,123seminarsonly.com/Seminar-Reports/039/66242411-Nano-Robots.pdf
 Discoveryhealth,health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/surgeriesprocedures/question120
 wiseGEEK, www.wisegeek.com/what-are-nanorobots.htm
 John Hopkins
medicine,www.hopkinsmedicine.org/heart_vascular_institute/clinical_services/specialty_a
reas/coronary_artery_surgery.html