This document provides a historical overview of the Middle East region from 1000 BC to 2003 AD. It summarizes key events including the establishment of Israel and the Kingdom of Israel, the Jewish diaspora in 135 AD, the Zionist movement in 1896, the establishment of Israel as a state in 1948, and several Arab-Israeli wars. It also discusses the formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization in 1964 and the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestinians over land and the establishment of a Palestinian state.
4. Kingdom of Israel
created
Conquered in turn
by: Assyrians,
Chaldeans,
Persians, Greeks
and finally the
Romans (known as
Roman province of
Palestine)
5. 70 A.D. Jewish
rebels hold off
Roman legion at
Masada: Romans
destroy temple in
Jerusalem. Ark of
the Covenant
disappears
6. 135 A.D. - Jews forced from
Palestine (the diaspora or
dispersement)
7. 1896 - Theodor
Herzl founds
Zionist
movement -
Jews should
create an
independent
homeland in
Palestine
8. 1917 - British issue
“Balfour
Declaration”
supporting a
“national homeland
for the Jewish in
Palestine” in return
for Jewish support of
Britain in WWI
Middle East
20. BEGINNING OF THE “PALESTINIAN
PROBLEM” WHAT TO DO WITH
REFUGEES?
1964 - PLO (PALESTINE
LIBERATION ORGANIZATION)
FORMED - ARAFAT 1ST, ONLY
LEADER
AFTER ‘67 WAR, PLO ADOPTS
TERRORISM AS POLICY TO
REGAIN HOMELAND
24. 1970 - BLACK SEPTEMBER!!! - JORDAN’S
KING HUSSEIN DRIVES PLO FROM
COUNTRY - PLO AND REFUGEES MOVE
TO LEBANON
1975-92 LEBANESE CIVIL WAR;
1982 - ISRAEL INVADES LEBANON TO
DRIVE OUT PLO
LEBANON BECOMES ISRAEL’S
“VIETNAM”
HEZBOLLAH FORMED TO DESTROY
ISRAEL
26. 1980 - Iraq invades
Iran – 10 year war kills
millions
Who does/should U.S.
support?
27. 1990 – Iraq attacks and overrun Kuwait for
its oil (& to help pay cost of war with Iran)
UN sanctions block trade
with Iraq
George Bush (1st
) demands
Iraq leave Kuwait
28. 1991 U.S. launches air war against Iraq with
help of 39 country alliance
30. After defeat Iraq agrees to destroy
WMD and allow UN inspections;
Trade sanctions imposed until all
conditions are met
Saddam
remains defiant
31. U.S. SUPPORT FOR ARAB STATES VS.
IRAQ PLUS
PALESTINIAN SUPPORT FOR SADDAM
HUSSEIN GIVE U.S. THE POWER TO
DEMAND ISRAEL AND PALESTINE
MEET FOR PEACE TALKS AIMED AT
RESOLVING THE CONFLICT
32. SUNNI - MAINSTREAM MOSLEM SECT -
MAKES UP 80%
SHIITE - MAIN FUNDAMENTALIST
SECT - 10-20%
ISLAMIC JIHAD(HOLY WAR) - RADICAL
SUNNI GROUP - KILLED SADAT
HEZBOLLAH (PARTY OF GOD) SHIITE
RADICALS IN LEBANON & IRAN
42. ISRAELI SETTLEMENT BUILDING IN
THE WEST BANK AND BUILDING OF
THE “WALL” BETWEEN PALESTINIANS
AND JEWS ON WEST BANK 2
ADDITIONAL ISSUES FACING 2
WARRING GROUPS
